Menggambar Teknik

Dr. Ir. Henry Nasution, S.T., M.T., IPP

Pertemuan - 3
 OUTLINE

❑Geometrical Construction
 To Bisect a Line
1. Swing two arcs of any radius greater than half-length of
the line with the centers at the ends of the line.

2. Join the intersection points of the arcs with a line.

3. Locate the midpoint.

Given A

A r1
r1

B
B

(not to scale)
 To Bisect an Angle
1. Swing an arc of any radius whose centers at the vertex.
2. Swing the arcs of any radius from the intersection
points between the previous arc and the lines.

3. Draw the line.

A
(not to scale)
Given

A
B
r1 r2
B
r2
C C
 To draw the line parallel to a given line
and passes through a given point

Given

+
C
 To draw the line parallel to a given line
and passes through a given point

Given

+
C

Repeat
 To draw the line parallel to a given line
with a specified distance

Given distance = r

r
 To draw the line parallel to a given line
with a specified distance

Given distance = r

Repeat
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Revolve method

+ C
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Revolve method

+C

Repeat
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Adjacent-sides method

+
C
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Adjacent-sides method

C
+

Repeat
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Using Compass

+
C
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point

Using Compass

r2

r1
A

+
r2 > r1 C

Repeat
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line

Adjacent-sides method

+ C
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line

Adjacent-sides method

+
C

Repeat
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line
Using compass
+ C
 To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line

Using compass

r2 + C

D
r2

A
r1

Repeat
 To draw a line making 15o with a given
line and pass through a given point.

Given

C
+
 To draw a line making 15o with a given
line and pass through a given point.

Given

C
+
 To draw a line making 30o with a given
line and pass through a given point.

Given

C
+
 To draw a line making 75o with a given
line and pass through a given point.

Given

C
+
 FILLET AND ROUND

Round
Sharp corner

Fillet

Round
 FILLET AND ROUND

To draw the arc, we must find the location of the center of that arc.

How do we find the center of the arc?

 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines

Given arc radius r

r
 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines

Given arc radius r

center of the arc

Starting point

Ending point
 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two lines
Given arc radius r

r
r
+
+
 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two lines
Given arc radius r

T.P.1
T.P.2
 Geometrical Construction

Drawing a Triangle with Sides given

A B
 Geometrical Construction

Drawing an Equilateral Triangle

A B
 Geometrical Construction
4
Drawing a
Hexagon
3
5

6 2

1
 Geometrical Construction

Drawing a
Octagon
 To draw an approximate ellipse
Given Major and minor axes

Repeat
 Triangle, given the perimeter (1)

A B
B C
A C A B
 Equilateral Triangle (2)

C C

A B A B
 Arc with Two Perpendicular Line

R
A C
R R
R
R

B
 Arc given Radius Tangent to Lines (1)

R
D

O E
R R
R

B N C
Arc given Radius Tangent to Lines (2)

A R

O D
R
R R
N
B M C
 Ogee Curve (1)

a) a = 2R
m m R B

R R R

a=2R a=2R
R R
R

l l

A R
 Ogee Curve (2)

b) a > 2R
m m R B

R R R

a>2R a>2R

R R
R
l l

A R
 Ogee Curve (3)

c) a < 2R

m B

R
R
R Q
R
a<2R
R
R C
P R
R
l
A
Tangent to a line and a circle externally

A r+R

r r

C
R R
R

P Q
 Tangent Arc to a given Arcs

A A
r1
r1

R + r1
R R – r1
R

B
R + r2 C B
R – r2 C
r2
r2
 Arc through 3 points

C
B

R
A

D
 Center of the Arc of the Circle

M D

A
C
B
 Pentagon (1)
a) Given AB F
E

CD = AB
DE = ½ R = ½ AB

A B
C
 Pentagon (2)
b) In a circle
A

R3

R2
B R1 E

M Q P

D
C
 Tangent on the
Circumference of a Circle

R
P M

S
 Regular Hexagonal (1)

a) In a circle A

B R1 F

R1
C E

D
 Regular Hexagonal (2)
A
b) Outside Circle

B F

30o O 30o
30o 30o

C E

D
 Polygon
Q
d/n
D

E
P 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’ 9’

A B
1
2
3
4
d/n 5
6
7
8
9
C
 External Tangents to Circles

T1
T3

R
A r

O1
O3 O2
R–r
B

T4
T2
 Line Cross Circle

T2’
T1

r R

O1 O3 O2

T1’
T2 R+r

B
 Ellipse (1)

a). 4 center point method

E A

I
F

D
C G O J

B
 Ellipse (2)
b). 2 center point method
1
12 2

12’ 1’ 3
2’
11 11’
3’

10’
1 4
0 O 4’
9’
5’
9 8’ 5
7’ 6’

8 6
7
 Constructing the Involute of a line
and polygons

R2

R
D E
A B C
R1

R = AB
R1 = 2R
R2 = 3R
Involute of a circle

R6
7 6
5
8
4 R5
9
3
10
11 2 R4
12 1
R3
R1 R2
Latihan
Thank You