Introduction, Elements & Types of Research
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Sharmila DakeIntroduction, Elements & Types of Research
Uploaded by
Sharmila DakeIntroduction, Elements &
Types of Research
By
Sharmila P. Ghodke
Introduction, Meaning & Scope
of Research
By
Sharmila P. Ghodke
INTRODUCTION
Research is a systematic process of finding evidence to support a
knowledge claim. It involves a variety of methods, including
observation, experimentation and logical reasoning, which are used
to gather data.
Researchers work to develop new concepts and ideas that are
relevant, useful and practical. They also explore gaps in current
knowledge to identify needs for more research and improve how
people think about a problem.
MEANING
Re + Search
Re: once again, anew, afresh
Search: to look for something or examine closely & carefully, to
look for information, to test & try, or to prove.
Research means close & careful examination of facts & their
relationship to discover new knowledge.
It is a systematic & scientific process to answer to questions about
facts and relationship between facts. It is an activity involved in
seeking answer to unanswered questions.
DEFINITION
Nursing research is a way to identify new knowledge, improve
professional education and practices and use of resources effectively.
International council of Nurses, 1986
Nursing research is scientific, systematic & orderly process to find
out solution for problems concern to nursing or generating &
refining the nursing knowledge to improve quality of nursing care,
nursing education, nursing administration.
S. K. Sharma, 2005
SCOPE OF RESEARCH
The scope in research is to strengthen the body of
knowledge in nursing practices, education, &
administration. The scope of research may be broadly
classified as:
1. Research in nursing practices
2. Research in nursing education
3. Research in nursing administration
Research in nursing practices
Health promotion, maintenance, and disease prevention
Patient safety and quality of health care
Promotion & risk reduction interventions of health of vulnerable,
minority groups and marginalized community
Patient centered care and care coordination
Promotion of the health and well being of older people
Palliative and end of life care
Research in nursing practices cont…
Development of evidence based practices and translation research
Care implication of genetic testing and therapeutics
Nurses’ working environment
Home care and community health nursing care and practices
Treatment compliance and adherence to treatment
Description of holistic nursing situations: social, cultural, religious,
traditional, and family practices, which have health implications and
fall under the nursing care
Research in Nursing Education
Testing the effectively and efficiency of the old teaching
methods/techniques, and generating newer effective teaching tools and
techniques.
Curriculum taught and learning experiences of nursing students at
undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Enhancing the psychometric domain of learning among nursing
students in clinical practices.
Extent of strict discipline required for the nursing students to improve
their learning and education.
Research in Nursing Education cont…
Promoting clinical and classroom learning among nursing students.
Refining and generating evaluation methods to judge the efficiency of
the teaching-learning process.
Identifying and managing problems of absenteeism and lack of
motivation among nursing students.
Resolving any issue or phenomenon related to the teaching-learning
process of the nursing students.
Research in Nursing Administration
Assessing existing organizational structure, span of control,
communication, staffing pattern, wages, benefits, performance
evaluation practices, etc. and their effectiveness. In addition,
developing new knowledge or refining the old knowledge regarding
nursing administrative phenomena
Developing and testing different administrative models to enhance
swift administration, employees, and customer satisfaction.
Research in Nursing Administration cont…
Retention and effective use of nursing personnel in providing the
quality nursing care.
Furthermore, research can be conducted on any phenomenon related to
nursing administrative issues.
ELEMENTS OF
RESEARCH
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
Types
Research may be classified by purposes
According to earnest desire directed towards research
According to methods of study
According to earnest desire directed
Basic research
Applied research
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Diagnostic research
Evaluative research
Action research
According to methods of study
Qualitative research
Phenomenological
Grounded theory
Historical
Action research
Quantitative research
Experimental
Non-experimental
Basic research