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Lesson 3 - Fuselage Section

The document discusses the fuselage section of aircraft structures, covering its parts, types of structures, and loads. It explains different construction methods such as truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The fuselage's design is crucial for weight distribution, structural integrity, and accommodating various aircraft missions.

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Augustine Buenaventura
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7 views16 pages

Lesson 3 - Fuselage Section

The document discusses the fuselage section of aircraft structures, covering its parts, types of structures, and loads. It explains different construction methods such as truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The fuselage's design is crucial for weight distribution, structural integrity, and accommodating various aircraft missions.

Uploaded by

Augustine Buenaventura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3:

FUSELAGE SECTION
AMT 4101 – AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

• Introduction
• Fuselage Parts
• Types of Structures
• Fuselage Loads
• Activities
INTRODUCTION

• The airplane's fuselage, or body, is a long hollow


tube that holds all the plane pieces together. The
fuselage is hollow to reduce weight.
• As with most other parts of the airplane, the fuselage's
shape is usually determined by the aircraft's mission.
• The supersonic fighter aircraft has a very sleek,
streamlined fuselage to minimize high-speed flight
drag ,and to accommodate the full number of
passengers, an airliner has a wider fuselage.
INTRODUCTION

• On an airliner: the pilots sit in a cockpit at the


front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are
carried in the fuselage's rear, and the fuel is
usually stored in the wings.
• For fighter planes: the cockpit is normally on top
of the fuselage, weapons are carried on the
wings, and the engines and fuel are placed at
the fuselage's rear.
• The weight of an aircraft is distributed all along with the aircraft.
• The fuselage and the passengers and cargo contribute a significant portion of an aircraft's
weight.
• The center of gravity of an aircraft is the average location of the weight and is
usually located inside the fuselage.
• In-flight, the aircraft rotates around the center of gravity due to elevator, rudder, and aileron-
generated torques. The fuselage must be designed to withstand those torques with sufficient
strength.
AIRFRAME

• ➢ an aircraft or spacecraft without installed


equipment, and furnishing
• ➢ the skin and framework (skeleton) that provide
aerodynamic shapes
• ➢ the load-bearing parts that take up forces during
normal flight, maneuvers, take off, landing, etcetera.
• ➢ the parts that together protect the contents from
the environment
The reason that these different definitions exist can be
attributed to the different types of airframes or
structures that can be identified.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

• Primary Structures – elements that fulfill a critical function are


elements that could lead to failure of the entire aircraft or spacecraft in
case of damage or failure.
• Example: wing and empennage

• Secondary Structures – structural elements that fulfill non-critical


functions are elements that carry only aerodynamic and inertial loads
generated on or in that type of structure.
• Example: control surfaces
TYPES OF STRUCTURES - TRUSS STRUCTURES

• The first structural concept applied in aircraft


structures was the truss structure in which the
bars, tubes, and wires carried all loads. The
skin or fabric coverage did not contribute to
the load-bearing function.
• This type of structure is still in use in many
lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube
trusses.
• The main drawback of the truss structure is its
lack of streamlined form.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES - TRUSS STRUCTURES

• In this construction method, tubing lengths,


called longerons, are welded in place to form a
well-braced frame.
• When viewed from the end, the vertical and
horizontal struts are welded to the longerons
and give the framework a square or
rectangular form to withstand the stress from
any direction; additional struts are needed.
• The covering, stringers, bulkheads, or formers
were added to shape the fuselage and support.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – MONOCOQUE

• Monocoque construction uses stressed skin to


support almost all loads, much like an aluminum
beverage can.
• Although very strong, monocoque construction is
not highly tolerant to the deformation of the
surface.
• For example, an aluminum beverage can support
considerable forces at the ends of the can. Still,
if the side of the can is deformed slightly while
supporting a load, it collapses easily.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – MONOCOQUE

• The true monocoque construction uses formers, frame


assemblies, and bulkheads to give shape to the fuselage.
• The heaviest of these structural elements are placed at
intervals for carrying heavy loads and at points where
fittings are used to mount other components such as wings,
power plants, and stabilizers.
• Because no other bracing members are present, the skin
has to bear the primary stresses and keep the fuselage
rigid.
• Monocoque construction's biggest problem is maintaining
enough strength while keeping the weight within allowable
limits.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – SEMI-MONOCOQUE

• For monocoque aircraft to overcome


construction's strength/weight problem, a
modification called semi-monocoque
construction was developed.
• Semi-monocoque construction uses a
substructure to which the skin of the aircraft is
attached. The substructure, consisting of
bulkheads and/or formers of different sizes
and stringers, strengthens the stressed skin by
taking some of the fuselage's bending stress.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – SEMI-MONOCOQUE

• Stringers are also used in the semi-monocoque


fuselage.
• These longitudinal members are typically more
numerous and lighter in weight than the longerons.
• They come in different shapes and are usually made
of single-piece aluminum alloy extrusions or
aluminum shaped.
• Stringers have some stiffness but are primarily used
to give form and to attach the skin. Together the
stringers and longerons prevent tension and
compression from bending the fuselage.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – SEMI-MONOCOQUE

• The main section of the fuselage also includes wing attachment


points and a firewall.
• On single-engine airplanes, the engine is usually attached to the
front of the fuselage.
• There is a fireproof partition between the engine's rear and the
flight deck or cabin to protect the pilot and passengers from
accidental engine fires. This partition is called a firewall.
• All are designed to be attached and to the skin to achieve the
full-strength benefits of semi-monocoque design. It is essential to
recognize that the metal skin or covering carries part of the load.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES – SEMI-MONOCOQUE

• The advantages of the semi-monocoque fuselage are


many.
• The bulkheads, frames, stringers, and longerons facilitate
the design and construction of a streamlined fuselage that
is both rigid and strong.
• Spreading loads among these structures and the skin
means no single piece is failure critical.
• This means that a semi-monocoque fuselage may
withstand considerable damage and still be strong enough
to hold together because of its stressed-skin construction.
ACTIVITIES

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