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Chem CH 10B - Gas Laws

This document covers various gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, explaining their relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature. It introduces standard conditions (STP) and provides equations for each law, along with examples. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering vapor pressure when dealing with gas mixtures collected through water.

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4 views15 pages

Chem CH 10B - Gas Laws

This document covers various gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, explaining their relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature. It introduces standard conditions (STP) and provides equations for each law, along with examples. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering vapor pressure when dealing with gas mixtures collected through water.

Uploaded by

sam sun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 10B-

Gas Laws
Standard Conditions
What are they?
Standard Temperature and Pressure- STP
273 K
 0*C
760 Torr
 1 atm
Boyle’s Law: P & V
Boyle’s Law: The volume of a dry gas is in-
versely related to the pressure if the temper-
ature is held constant.
Boyle’s Law: P & V
P=k/V
OR
PV=k
P= pressure
V= volume
k= constant (we will learn about this later)
Also can say:
P1V1=k=P2V2
Boyle’s Law: P & V
A sample of gas occupies 450 mL when it is
under a pressure of 1.02 atm. What volume
will it occupy if the pressure is increased to
850 torr.
Charles’s Law: T & V
Charles’s Law: When the pressure on a
sample of dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin
temperature and the volume are directly re-
lated.
Charles’s Law: T & V
Charles’s Law: T & V
Charles’s Law: T & V
First- Kelvin?
TK=273.15+TC
V=Tk
OR
V/T = k
V= volume
T= temperature (in K)
k = constant
V1/T1 = k = V2/T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law: T & P
Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure is directly pro-
portional to temperature in kelvins for a fixed
mass of gas held in a constant volume.
Gay-Lussac’s Law: T & P
P=Tk
OR
P/T=k
P = pressure
T = temperature (in K)
k = constant

P1/T1 = k = P2/T2
Combined Gas Law
The 3 laws can be combined into 1: com-
bined gas law

(PV)/T = k
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
Combined Gas Law
A gas has a volume of 3.6 L when it is under
a pressure of 1.05 atm and at a temperature
of -15C. What will be the volume at STP?
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pres-
sures: Mixtures of Gases
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
Total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the
sum of the partial pressures
Ptotal=P1 + P2 + P3 + ….. + Pn
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pres-
sures: Mixtures of Gases
Must be careful! If gas is collected through
water, water vapor can change your pressure.
Vapor pressure
Use a table to find vapor pressure at certain
temperatures

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