Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k
Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k (Hàn: 病理學; Eng: Pathology) sī chi̍t bûn i-ha̍k léng-he̍k ê hun-chi, choan-bûn teh thàm-thó pēⁿ-chèng tī kò-thé thé-lāi ê hoat-seng goân-in, hoat-tián kap piàn-hòa, lēng-gōa koh ē gián-kiù kui-ê hoat-pēⁿ ê kòe-têng tùi hoān-chiá chō-sêng ê kok-chióng éng-hióng. Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k tī i-ha̍k kàu-io̍k tiong, sī sio̍k-î ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k ê ha̍k-phài. Lîm-chhn̂g chhau-chok lī-iōng pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k thê-kiong ê tì-sek lâi hun-sek chhú-iūⁿ ê kiám-thé. Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k chò-chhut-lâi ê hun-sek ē-ēng hù-chō͘ lîm-chhn̂g i-seng chìn-hêng chín-toān kap chhú-hng. Gián-kiù chân-kip ê pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k ē chhì-tô͘ beh lâi kái-soeh chō-sêng seng-lí piàn-hòa ê goân-in kap hiān-siōng. Só͘-í, pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k i-seng tī pēⁿ-īⁿ lāi-bīn, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī hō-chò sī "i-seng ê i-seng" (doctor's doctor). Pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k sī gián-kiù pēⁿ-chèng ê hoat-seng kap hoat-tián ê kui-lu̍t, liáu-kái pēⁿ-chèng ê pún-chit ê chi̍t bûn i-ha̍k ki-chhó͘ ha̍k-kho, mā sī i-ha̍k si̍t-chiān ê ki-chhó͘.
