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æhgd'vL / a}1flgs lzIffsf kIfdf Kofgndf ljho xf;Ln u/] . o;sf
qmflGtsf/L b[9tf . e|i6rf/ d'Qm / if8oGqsf afah'b qmflGtsf/Lsf] laho cnfjf krf;f}+ SofDk;x?df ;efklt
;dfg'kflts :jlao' xfd|f] k|lta4tfÆ eGg] jfx]ssf Kofgndf cvLn qmflGtsf/Lsf]
d'n gf/fsf ;fy d'n'ssf] /fhg}lts sf7df8f} + , la/f6gu/, w/fg, cfqmd0f, wfswDsL / b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ ;+:yf zzQm lht ePsf] 5 . :jljo' lgjf{rgsf
lgsf;sfnfuL gof+ :jljo' lgdf{0f kf] v /fnufot SofDk;x?df ;zQm xf] eGg] unt 5fk ;fdfGo ljBfyL{x? / lo ofjt 36gfqmdx?nfO{ lgofn]/ x]bf{
u/L cw'/f] z}lIfs cfGbf]ng ;kmn cfGbf]ng ePkl5 k~rfotL Joj:yfn] lqlj afx]ssf ljZjljBfnox?df kg{ d' n ' s sf] /fhg} l ts eljio ljs/fn
kfg] { k| l tj4tf;lxt cg] / f:jljo' slyt g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+u7g vf/]h u¥of] uPsf] 5 . of] Pp6f tLtf] jf:tljstf b]lvG5 . o'jfx? :jefj}n] kl/jt{gsf
- qmflGtsf/L _ n] o;k6ssf] :jtGq / :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgognfO{ dfGotf xf], hf] g]lj;+3 / cg]/f:jljo'sf sf/0f kIfw/ x'G5g\, cu|ufdL ;f]r ljrf/jf6
ljBfyL{ o' l gogsf] r' g fjdf bx| f ] lbof] . t/, tfgfzfx dx]Gb| / k~rfotL ;+:yfut x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ljutb]vL g} k|]l/t x'G5g\ elgG5 t/ jt{dfg :jljo'
pkl:ylt hgfof] . d'ntM ;+;bdf dGqLx?n] ;f] + r ] h :tf] u/L :jljo' n ] o;sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ cfPsf] clvn lgjf{rgn] o'jfx?df kl/jt{gsf] cfef;
k|ltlglwTj u/]sf ltg 7'nf bnx? k~rfotsf] ;dy{g u/]g a? ;Lwf / qmflGtsf/LdfyL oyfl:yltjfbLx? vlgg' lbb} g . 7' n f bnx?sf] eft[ ;+ u 7g
g]skf dfcf]jfbL, Pdfn] / sf+u|]; rsf]{ la/f]w u¥of] . )#^ sf] P]ltxfl;s :jfefjLs klg xf] . o;}sf] kmn:j?k ePsfn] dfp kfl6{x?sf] l;4fGt cg';f/
ljrsf] ;+ ; bLo 6s/fjn] o; / jlnbfgk"0f{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf j]nf lgjf{rgdf qmflGtsf/LdfyL ljleGg k|sf/ rNg' t :jefljs} xf] t/ k'/fg} kl/kf6L
lgjf{rgdf;d]t k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf] lg/+s'z k~rfotn] ljBfyL{;fd' 3'F8f n] w/ks8, cfqmd0f, wf+wnL cflb h:tf / s]jn /fhg}tLs k'jf{u|xjf6 dfq rNg
b]lvPsf] 5 . ljutdf ;+ljwfg;ef 6]Sof] . lgla{sNk elgPsf] k~rfotL 36gfx? eP . vf] H g] xf] eg] b] z df slxNo} k lg
lgjf{ r gdf dfcf] j fbL;+ u g/fd| / L Joj:yfsf] eljioaf/] hgdt ;+u|xsf] :jljo' lgjf{rgsf qmddf qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsb}g . gof+
k/flht ePsf bnx?n] cfkm\ g f] 3f] i f0ff ul/of] . d08n] ;+ u 7gx?sf] kIfw/ ljBfyL{dfyL ;/:jtL SofDk; ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf jvt b]zn] cfd'n
/fhg}tLs ;fv jf:tljs ?kdf u'd]sf] vf/]hL eof] . jf:tjdf :jljo' slxNo}klg sf7df08f}df cg]/f:jljo' / g]lj;+3sf] kl/jt{ g sf ;+ j fxssf ?kdf cfzf
5}g eGg] b]vfpg o; lgjf{rgdf zfifsx?sf] ;f]+r, rfxgf / cg's'ntfsf] ;+ o ' Q m cfqmd0fdf kl/ s} o f} + clvn /fv]sf o'jfx?df o; k|sf/sf] s6'tf /
cg]sf}+ xTs08fx? ckgfpb} clvn ljifo /x]g . a? of] cTofrf/L ;Qf / qmflGtsf/Lsf g] t f tyf laBfyL{ x ? k'jf{u|xLkg /xg' b]z / hgtfsf] nfuL
qmflGtsf/L la?4 eo+s/ if8oGqdf zf;sx?sf la?4sf] ;+3if{sf] cf}hf/ / hgd}qL c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf kSs} nfebfos / z'e ;+s]teg] xf]O{g
nfu] s f] ;d] t b] l vof] . clvn ;+3if{sf] k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf /lx/Xof] . 5g\ eg] kßsGof SofDk;df r}q ^ ut] . o;} ;]/f]km]/f]df j'6jndf Pdfn] lgs6
qmflGtsf/LnfO{ s'g}klg xfntdf r'gfj @)$^ ;fndf k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo cGwfw'Gb nf7L k|xf/ ul/ bh{gf}+nfO{ 3fO{t] b:tf o'y kmf];{sf lhNnf sfo{stf{ k|r08
lhTg glbg] / o;sf] nfuL sfo{ut gx'Fbf;Dd :jljo'n] ;+3if{sf] cu| df]rf{df agfpg'sf ;fy} xf]:6]ndf j:g]x?nfO{ y}jsf] c1ft ;d'x4f/f ePsf] xTofnfO{
Pstf u/] / hfg] cGo ljBfyL{ /x]/ cfkm\gf] ;+3if{zLn / qmflGtsf/L lg3f{ t s' 6 lk6 ul/ j:g g;Sg] Pdfn]leqsf s]xL k|ltqmflGtsf/L tKsfn]
;+ u 7gx?sf] rfnjfhLnfO{ e"ldsf d'ntM k'/f u¥of] . :yfkgfb]lv jftfj/0f jgfOof] . To;}ul/ ;+v'jf;ef, cgfjZos ?kdf clt/l~ht u/] /
qmflGtsf/Ln] plgx?sf] ;f]r ljkl/t )$^ ;Dd d' n ' s sf ;a} /fhg} l ts wgs' 6 f, /fhlj/fh, g' j fsf] 6 cflb ;/sf/ 5f8\g] wlDs lbg yfn]sf 5g\,
NofPsf] r'gfjL glthfn] km]/L Psk6s kf6L{ x ? k| l talGwt ePsf] ca:yfdf 7f+px?df klg k|x/L k|zf;g nufP/ uf]nL lg/Gt/ ?kdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{dfq
csf]{ g/fd|f] em6\sf nfu]sf] 5 . :jljo' n ] d' n ' s df Tolta] n f v] n ] s f] k|xf/;Dd ul/of] . jlb{ofsf] jjO{, ;'v]{tsf] dfl/O{/xbf df}gtf ;f+w]/ j:g] Pdfn]
:jljo'sf] O{ltxf; x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf e'ldsf k|z+;gLo 5 . t/ ljz]iftM )$^ lzIff SofDk;, efg'eQm sn]h tgx'+, cfkm\g} g]t[Tjsf] u[x dGqfno /x]sf] j]nf
klxnf] :jljo'sf] :yfkgf ;+3if{sf otfsf :jljo'x?n] o;sf unt g]t[Tjsf xg' d Gt] Z j/ bf] n vf, hgtf O{ 6 x/L, cfkm\gf] Pp6f sfo{stf{sf] xTof x'bf
aLraf6 la=;+ @)@) ebf}df lqe'jg sf/0f ;+3if{ hf/L /fVg / ;kmntfsf] sf7df08f}sf] hgk|zf;g, nlntsnf, 5fgjLg ul/ bf]ifLdfyL sfjf{xLsf] k|s[of
ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/df ePsf] lyof] . ul/df sfod /fVg ;s]gg\ . ltgLx? dxf/fhu~h d]l8sn sn]h nufotsf c3L j9fpg'sf] ;§f ;TonfO{ j+UofP/
t/, :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogn] sfg'gL cf–cfkm\gf dfp kf6L{x?;Fu} /fhg}lts 7fp+x?df dtkq RofTg], gSsnL dtbfg lsg dfcf] j fbLdfyL dfq Psf] x f] / f]
dfGotf eg] @)@$ ;fndf dfq} k|fKt ?kdf oyfl:yltjfbL dfq ePgg\ ul/ cfkm}+ ljhoL ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{, vlgO{/x]sf] 5 < of] cfd hgtfsf] dgdf
u¥of] . k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] la?4 k|ltudgsf sf/s klg eP . :jljo'nfO{ qmflGtsf/L lgif]wLt If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{, pl7/x]sf] ;jfn xf] . ;/sf/df j;]/
lab|f]xsf qmddf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf o;sf] dltof/ agfOof] . )#^ otf !# qmflGtsf/Lsf em08f, Jofg/ hnfpg], ;/sf/s} lj/f]w ul//xg] p;sf] xs{t
:jljo' ;DalGw cawf/0ffsf] ljsf; k6s :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg v's/' L k|xf/ ug]{ h:tf sfo/tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ljuts} 4}w rl/qsf] lg/Gt/tfdfq xf]
/ sfof{ G jog ePsf] lyof] . )!& eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, @) jif{sf] of] ofqfdf x? k|bz{g ul/of] . lqlj s]lGb|o SofDk;, eGg] hgtfsf] j'emfO{ /x]sf] 5 . hgtfn]
;fndf tTsfnLg zfxL ;] g fsf] :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgognfO{ kl/rfng j'6jn jx'd'vL SofDk; cfbL 7fp+x?df gof+ ;+ljwfg / gof+ kl/kf6Ljf6 d'n'ssf]
aGb'ssf] andf dx]Gb| zfxn] hGdfPsf] ug]{x?sf] unt k|j[lQsf sf/0f of] ;+:yf qmflGtsf/Ln] lhTg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsfn] zfifg Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g rflx/x]sf]
k~rfotL Joj:yfn] )!( ;fndf afXo ?kdf abgfd / cfGtl/s ?kdf ljrd} dtu0fgf /f]Sg] h:tf if8oGqx? j]nfdf cfkm'nfO{ jfdkGyL eg]/ lrgfpg]
larf/ / cf:yfsf cfwf/df lqmofzLn hh{ / eO;s] s f] 5 . :jljo' eg] s f] ;d] t gePsf xf] O { g g\ . To:t} Pdfn] eg] lj:tf/} k' / fg} ;fdlGt,
ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?nfO{ k|ltaGw ug]{ / u' 0 8fx?åf/f ;+ / lIft, 5fqfjf;df k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fdf Pdfn] /fhfjfbL / sf+u|];n] NofPsf] j]jL lsËsf]
;/sf/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7g vf]Ng] sfg'g la/f]wL ;+u7gsf ;dy{sx?dfly bdg clvnjfx]s cGosf] dt;+Vof g} 36fpg]] Ph]08fdf tflgO{/x]sf] 5 . of] tdfd
NofPsf] lyof] . k~rfotL Joj:yfn] ug]{, cGo ;+u7gsf z'e]R5'sx?sf] egf{ sfo{;d]t ul/of] . clwsf+z SofDk;x?df hgd'QmL cfGbf]ng / o;jf6 d'n'ssf]
ljBfyL{dfly nfb\g vf]h]sf] …g]kfn /f]Sg], c?nfO{ lk|m–lzk glbg], lghL r'gfj} x'g glbg] h:tf sfo{x? eP . cu| u fdL eljio rfxg] g] k fnL
ljBfyL{ ;+ u 7gÚ gfds ;/sf/L :jfy{df v]n tyf ef}lts ;fdfu|Lx?sf] oBkL lo tdfd if8oGqsf jfjh' b hgtfdfyLsf] vn]cfd u2f/L xf] . unt
;+ u 7gsf] k| l tsf/df ljBfyL{ x ?n] b'?kof]u ug]{, z}lIfs ljifoaf/] gaf]Ng], qmflGtsf/Ln] lqlj cGtu{tsf ^ bh{g g]t[Tjn] hlt;'s} c;n ;+u7g ePklg
æcf:yfsf cfwf/df cnu–cnu ;+u7g cGo ;+u7g / ljBfyL{x?n] o;af/] cfjfh eGbf jl9 SofDk;x?df ;Dk'0f{ Kofgndf unt jf6f]d} 8f]¥ofpb5 . Pdfn]leqsf]
/ ;a}sf] ;femf ynf]sf] ?kdf :jtGq p7fpFbf To;nfO{ lzlyn kfg]{, SofDk; ljho xft kfg{ ;kmn eof] eg] kf]v/f o'jfk':tf, ljz]ifu/L ;fdfhLs kl/jt{gsf
ljBfyL{ o'lgogÆsf] cawf/0ff cufl8 k| z f;gb] l v ljZjljBfno;Ddsf ljZjljBfno tyf k'jf{~rn ljZjljBfno jfxs ljBfyL{x?n] o;tkm{ j]n}df ;r]t
;f/] . )#) ;fndf of] ljifodf kbflwsf/L tyf ef} l ts ;fwgdfly cGtu{tsf bh{gf}+ SofDk;x?df ;Dk"0f{ /xg'kb{5 .
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at{dfg /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / xfd|f] sfo{ef/ x]dGtk|sfz cf]nL
of] d'n'sdf cfd'n kl/jt{gsf] Pd=la= ;d'xn] t k|Zgkq g} RofTg 5}g, k'/fg} lgod / sfg'gsf] ;'uf
hg]n
{ casf; / lkknkft] rl/q afxs ls;fg, dhb'/ / l;kfxLsf] nufP . /6fO / 6]Sgf]qm];L 5 . lt hgtfsf]
@;DkfbsLo cu|b:tf Plss[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 rf} y f] , of] ;/sf/n] hgo' 4 , af/]df ;f]+Rb}gg\, a? lt hgtfdf/f
/IffdGqfnon] xfn} rf/ aif]{ sfo{sfn k'/f kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf ;'wf/jfbL hgfGbf]ng / dw]z t/fO{ cfGbf]ngsf k'/fgf] sfg'gn] y'kf/]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL
u/]s;f g]kfnL ;]gfsf cf7 ;xfos /yLx?nfO{ bnx? ;d]t /x]sf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ zlxb kl/jf/nfO{ ? !) nfvsf] /fxtdf sfg'gsf] cfblto bnbndf km;]sf
casf; lbPsf] 5 . hg lgaf{lrt ;/sf/ 5 . olta]nf ;/sf/n] ufpmd'vL / ? ! nfvaf6 z'?ug]{, 3fO{t] tyf ckfË 5g\ . 36gfqmdn] s] b]vfp5 eg] k'/
tyf ;af]{Rr cbfntn] gofF ;}Go egf{ /f]Sg hgd'vL ah]6 dfkm{t ef}lts k'jf{wf/ of]4fx? / hgtfsf] pkrf/ ug]{ / fgf] cfbtsf] 8+u'/df cfuf] ;NsfP/
af/fDaf/ cfu|x ubf{ klg c6]/ u/L g]kfnL Pj+ lasf; lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ ltj| /fxt lbg], a]kQf gful/sx?sf] vf]hL gof‘ larf/ ltgsf lbdfudf eg{
;]gfn] gofF egf{ u/]/ nf]stGqsf] lvNnL agfPsf] 5 . o;n] hgtfdf cfzfsf] ug],{ a[4a[4fnfO{ eQf lbg], Psn dlxnf h?/L 5 . cfbt kl/jt{g gug]{nfO{
p8fP/ Pp6f 7'nf] uNtL u/]sf] lyof] . oxL lbk hn]sf] 5 / ;/sf/ nf]slk|o eQf lbg] sfo{x?sf] k|f/De u/]sf] 5 . lhDd]af/Laf6 x6fpg' k5{ .
k|s/0faf6 ;]gf / ;/sf/sf] ;DaGwnfO{ lr;f] aGb} uPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f ljsf;sf o;sf] ;fy} ? #) xhf/ ;Ddsf] s[lif cfh ;/sf/n] gof‘ ljrf/wf/f
agfP/ wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg{ vf]Hg] sf+u; ]| nflu h'gah]6 th'{df ePsf] 5, C0f ldgfxf ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 / cg';f/ gof‘ g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5
nufotsf s] x L /fhg} l ts kf6L{ x ? /Iff To;sf] sfof{ G jogsf nflu nfvf}+ ul/a hgtfn] /fxt kfPsf eg] ;/sf/sf] gLlt / lgb]{zgnfO{
dGqfnosf] ;f] lg0f{o la?4 rsf]{ ?kdf cy{dGqfnosf] d]xgtdf yf]/} ePklg 5g\ . o;df jf:tljs zlxb kl/jf/ sfof{ G jog ug] { c? kf‘ r j6f
nfluk/] s f 5g\ . g] k fnL ;] g fdf r'xfj6 /f]s]/ /fh:j ;+sngdf a[l4 ,3fO{t],ckfË, a[4a[4fnfO{ /fxt glbg] /fHo;Qfsf c+ u x?n] To;nfO{
nf]stflGqs/0f x'g g;s]sf] tLtf] oyfy{ cem} ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 k|ltlqmofjfb / / k| l tlqmofjfbL / Psk6s /fxt sfof{Gjog ug{ rfxb}gg\ . olx xf]
klg /lx/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfdf :ki6?kdf oyfl:yltjfbsf kx/]bf/x? hgtfsf] lnO;s] s fnfO{ lbg] sfddf hl6n cGt/lj/f]w . gof‘ ljrf/ /
b'O au{ 5 . ;De|fGt au{ hf] pRr cf]xf]bfdf pGgtL x' g ] eof] eGg] l/;n] oyfl:yltjfbL / ;'wf/jfbL tTjx? gof‘ g]t[Tj cg';f/ /fHo;Qf klg
5 Tof] au{ lxhf]s} xfnLd'xfnLdf /Dg rfxfG5 sfof{Gjog x'g glbg] lqmofsnfkdf nfluk/]sf 5g\ . gof‘ agfpg' g} o;sf] a} 1 flgs
/ kl/at{gnfO{ gh/ cGbfh u5{ / at{dfg nfu]sf 5g . :yflgo lgsfo agfpg kf‘ r f} , of] ;/sf/ /fHosf] ;dfwfg xf] . k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf
kl/at{g Tof] au{sf nflu cle;fk ag]sf] 5 ;xdt gx'g', lagf p2]Zo / nIosf k'g;{/+ rgf ug]{ k|lqmofdf klg hfg'k5{ . tfj] b f/ oyfl:yltjfbLx?n] km] / L
. ax';+Vos g]kfnL ;]gfx? lgDgau{sf 5g\ / aGb / x8\ t fnsf] cfxjfg u/] / xfdLn] g]kfnnfO{ ;+l3o nf]stflGqs k|ltlqmofjfbL e't–k|]tx?nfO{ hufP/
at{dfg /fhg}lts kl/at{gn] pgLx?df s]xL c/fhstf km} n fpg' / s/f] 8 f} s f] u0ftGqsf ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf 5f} . kmfl;i6 clwgfosTj nfu' ug{
cf;f / e/f];fx? ;+rf/ u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]sf] tf]8kmf]8 dRrfpg' o;sf HjnGt pTkLl8t hflt / If]qsf cfwf/df g} rfxG5g\ . olx rfxgfnfO{ k'/fug{
dftxtdf /x]sf] u[xdGqfnon] s]xL ;do pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . o; b] z sf] /fHo k' g ;{ + / rgf ug] { ;fd| f HojfbL / lj:tf/jfbLx?n]
klxn] g] k fn k| x /Ldf al/i7 clws[ t x? bf] ; | f ] , of] ;/sf/n] zflGt k|lqmofdf klg hfg'k5{ . pTkLl8t k]|l/t ul//x]sf 5g\ .
casf; x'Fbf k|x/Ldf /fhgLlts/0f gx'g] t/ k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg hghflt / pTkLl8t If]qsf] Oltxf;sf dflysf] ljZn]if0faf6 s] :ki6
;]gfdf /IffdGqfnon] casf; lbbf s;/L hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn / g]kfnL ;]gf cfwf/df g} o; b] z sf] /fHo x'G5 eg] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] yf]k/]sf] kmf]x/
;]gf dfly /fhgLlts/0f eof] <s] klxn]sf lar ;dfof]hg ul/ /fli6«o ;]gf k'g;{+/rgf ug'{kb{5 . ef}uf]lns cfwf/ sf] 8+ u ' / dfly cfuf] nufpg]
;/sf/x?n] casf; tyf kbf]GgtLsf sfo{x? lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] 5 . of] df dfq k'g;{/+ rgf ug]{ eg]sf] pTkLl8t tof/L ug'{ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] sfo{ef/
k|lqmof ;]gf ;dfof]hg laz]if ;ldlt hghfltnfO{ a]jf:tf ug{' xf] . /fHosf] xf] . k'/fgf] ;Qf jf:tjdf ;fd|fHojfb
ub}{gy] < of] Pp6f uDeL/ ;f]rgLo laifo
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ag]sf] 5 . at{dfg PsLs[t g]skf-dfcf]afbL_sf]
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;/sf/n] ug{ nfu]sf] hgd'vL sfo{x?af6
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tl;{P/ ;/sf/nfO{ c:tJo:t agfO{ c;kmn
;] g f lgdf{ 0 fsf] k| l tIffdf 5g . sf/fuf/ / ;/sf/ ldn]/ ag]sf] b]zsf] hgljb|f]xsf] bfafgn ;Nsfpg} kg]{
;/sf/ agfpg oyf:yLltafbLx? sDd/ s;]/ Psflt/ of] k|ultsf] k|lqmof cl3 ;du| Joj:yf xf] . To;sf/0f g]skf afWotf lt k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;+/Ifs /
nfu]sf 5g\ . ;]gfsf] hg]{n casf;df sf+u|]; al9/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ t ;fd|fHojfbsf s'Qfx?n] l;h{gf ul/
nufotsf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] la/f]w klg /f]Sg k|ltlqmofjfbL / oyfl:yltjfbL ag]sf] 5, t/ /fHo;Qfsf ;a} cËdf /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] df}sf lbO/x]sf
To;}sf] k|k~r afx]s c? s'g} x'g ;Sb}g . tTjx? Hofg kmfn]/ nfu]sf 5g\ . kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0f ePsf] 5}g . cfh 5f} ls tL zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfaf6} ljbfO{
dfcf]afbLsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] at{dfg ;+o'Qm hgd'lQm ;]gf ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsGg ;/sf/n] sfo{ j wL kf/ ul/;s] s f x' g ] 5g\ . dx;' ; s] x' ‘ b } 5 eg]
;/sf/df Pdfn] nufotsf ;Qf ;fem]bf/ eGg\ o;sf] csf]{ HjnGt pbfx/0f hg/nx?nfO{ cjsf; lbO{ gof‘ Oltxf;n] Psk6s km]l/ Tof] k'/fgf]
bnx?sf] lkknkft] rl/q klg hgd'vL sfo{sf xf] . k|ltefx?nfO{ cj;/ k|bfg ug'{k5{ eGg] ;Qfsf tfj] b f/x?dfly anjfg
nflu afws ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/df t] ; | f ] , of] ;/sf/n] hgd' v L lg0f{o ubf{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] Tof] lg0f{o xftx? p7fpg} kg]{ cfJXfg ub} 5 .
/x]/ Pp6f lg0f{o ug]{ / aflx/ ;8sdf cfP/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fug]{ lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] ab/ u5{ . g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf ls;fg, dhb' / / l;kfxLsf]
To;}sf] la/f]w ug]{ z}nLn] Pdfn] kf6L{sf] 5 . sfg'g cg';f/sf] qmflGt xf]Og, s]lx /fhfjfbL g]tfx?n] ltg} k'/fgf Plss[t / s]lGb|st[ cu|b:tf / g]tT[ j,
rl/qnfO{ :ki6 ?kdf hgtfsf] dfemdf 5n{Ë a? qmflGtn] dfu u/] cg';f/sf] sfg'g hg/nx?nfO{ ;nfdL 7f]Sg k'U5g\ . hgtfsf] pRr r]tgf, b'Zdgleqsf]
agfPsf] 5 . cfˆg} dftxtdf /x]sf] u[x aGg' kb{ 5 . g] k fnL hgqmflGtn] lul/hfk| ; fb sf] O /fnf / dfwj ltj| emu8f cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf hgtfsf]
k|zf;g dfkm{t cfˆg} sfo{stf{sf] xTofsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfJbLsf] gof‘ sfg'gsf] g]kfnx?n] cfkm' ;/sf/df 5‘bf ;/sf/ Jofks ;dy{ g n] hg;Qf sfod
5fglag ug{ c;Ifd Pdfn]sf] ;/sf/ la?4sf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . gof‘ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] n] ;]gf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyPg, a? ;]gfn] ug's { f] lasNk 5}g . hgtfsf] hgjfbL
gf/fafhL, aGb , x8\tfn, tf]8kmf]8 s]an k|lqmof ;ef;b\x? dfkm{t hgdt ;/sf/ ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] eGg] s'/f clwgfosTjn] g} c/fhstfjfbL /
cfkm' gfË} /x]/ c?nfO{ s'/L s'/L eGg' l;jfo ;+sng ;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ of] 36gfaf6 k|i6 x'G5 . oxf‘ klg kmfl;jfbL kmf]x/sf] 8+u'/ a9fl/g] 5 .
c? s] x'g ;S5 / < cleo'Qm hf] eP klg /f] S g k| l tlqmofjfbL / /fHo;Qfsf ;a} c+usf] k'g;{+/rgf To;sf/0f Pstf /fli6«o hfu/0f tyf
sfg' g sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg' k5{ / oyfl:yltjfbLx?n] ;ef;b\x?nfO{ cfjZos 5 ./fHo;Qfsf] csf]{ c+u ljsf; cleofgnfO{ cem ;zQm /
s;'/ cg';f/sf] sfg'gL sfjf{xL x'g' k5{ . sfo{If]qdf hfg glbg], /fhfjfbL / sd{rf/LtGq xf] . sd{rf/LtGqdf /xg] k|efjsf/L agfpg h?/L 5 . To;
jbnfsf] gfddf tf]8kmf]8 , aGb , h'n'; oyfl:yltjfbL yf? sNof0fsf/L xflsdx? Jo'/f]qm\of6 dfq xf]Ogg\, cGtu{t ul/Psf sfdx?sf] k|rf/
s]an cwf]gtL eGbf c? s] x'g ;S5 / ;dfh / y?x64f/f 7]s]bf/L aGbug{ ltgsf] k'/fgf] ;Qf l6sfpg] wGbf eg]sf] k|;f/ ul/ hgtfdf ;Dk|]if0f ug{
a]n}df ;DaGwLt ;a}df r]tgf x'g' cfaZos nufpg] h:tf s'sfo{ ePsf 5g\ 6]Sgf]qm\of6 x'g' xf] . sd{rf/LtGqsf cfjZos 5 .
5. eg] cfkm'nfO{ vf‘6L sDo'lgi6 eGg] xflsdx?;Fu gof‘ g]kfnsf] gof‘ larf/ – n]vs PsLs[t g]skf-dfcf]afbL_sf al/i7 g]tf x'g\
 kl/alt{t o'u ultlawL ÷l/kf]6{ #
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c/laog Po/ slG8;g OsfO{df cGt/lqmof sfjf{ OsfOdf cGt/lqmof tyf k'g{u7g
;g}of÷stf/ , g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt OsfOsf cWoIf ;g}of ÷stf/, g]kfnL hg k|ultzLn /x]sf] klg k|i6\ofpg' eof] . k|dv
' cltyL
d~r stf/ cGt/ut c/aLog oP/ /]zd kf}8]nn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] d~r sfjf{ OsfO{ ;ldltn] Ps eJo zdf{n] k'gu{ l7t OsfO{ ;ldltnfO{ ;kmn
slG8;g sDkgL OsfO{ ;ldltn] g]kfnL pk:yLtx?nfO{ :jfut dGtJo4f/f led sfo{qmdsf lar cGt/lqmof tyf sfo{sfnsf] z'esfdgf lbb} ;+u7g r':t
hgk|ultzLn d~rsf s]lGb|o cWoIf nfn la=s=n] :jfut ug{' ePsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ / cem ;zQm x'g]df cfzf JoQm ug{'
hgf{bg lu/Lsf] k|d'v cflyTotf tyf sfo{qmddf pk:yLt dxfg'efax?af6 OsfO{nfO{ r':t agfpg k"a{ OsfO{ eof] . pk:yLt cGo aQmfx? 7fs'/
s]lGb|o pkfWoIf xf]d gfy zdf{sf] laz]if p7]sf] lh1f;fx?sf] k|dv
' cltly hgf{bg sldl6sf] k'gu7{g u/]sf] 5 . sfjf{ e§, ch{'g yfkf, ;Gtf]if ;'a]bL, a;Gt
cflyTotfdf oxL @) dfr{, @))( df lu/Ln] k| i 6\ o fpb} at{ d fg b] z Lo OsfO{sf cWoIf 9'08L/fh sf]O/fnfsf] vqLx?n] dhb'/x?sf] xs lxtsf lglDt
Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf /fhg} l ts kl/:yLlt / g] k fnL hg ;efkltTjdf tyf /fhg l/dfnsf] ;+u7gn] v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsf , k]zfut
u¥of] . /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o d'lQm k|ultzLn d~rsf] e'ldsf tyf ;+u7gsf] ;Grfngdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf xs lxtsf nflu Ps h'6 x'gsf nflu
cfGbf]ngdf zfxbt k|fKt ug{' ePsf efaL /0fgLlt Pa+ sfo{gLltsf] laifodf k|d'v cltyL g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn cfJxfg ug{' eof] . pQm e]nfn] k'is/
1ft c1ft zxLbx? k|lt Ps ldg]6 k| l zIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . d~rsf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf xf]d gfy s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf OsfO{nfO{ k'g{u7g
df} g wf/0faf6 ;' ? ePsf] pQm zdf{n] hgd'vL ;+lawfg lgdf{0fdf u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf x]d/fh vgfn,
k|af;Lx?sf] e'ldsf / hgk|ultzLn ;lra csn a= kl/of/, ;x ;lra
gofF ;g}ofdf hgo'4 lba; ;DkGg d~rsf] bfloTjsf laifodf k|lzIf0f lgn s07 clwsf/L , sf]iffWoIf /fh]Gb|
;g}of÷stf/, g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn hgk|ultzLn d~rsf] 3]/fdf ;f3''l/b} lbg' ePsf] lyof] . . g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ dx{hg tyf ;b:ox? /fh]Gb| lwtfn,
d~r, stf/ cGtu{t ;g}of If]q g+ ^ uPsf5g\ / l56\6} Ps Ps u/L >dhLlj pS;fP/ sf+u; ]| Ot/sf bnx?n] 3[l0ft dgf]h yfkf, wd]{Gb| /fo, ;'dg >]i7,
/ gof ;g}of P/Lof ;ldltsf] ;+o'Qm ju{df logLx?sf] sfnf st{'tx?sf] /fhgLlt ug{ vf]h]sf] cf/f]k nufpb} ;f]dgfy ;fksf]6f, af;'b]a kf}8]n, rGb|
cfof]hgfdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] !$cf} kbf{kmf; ub{} hfg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] k|d'v cltly zdf{n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf yfkf, ltns af]u6L /xg' ePsf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4 lbj; Ps eAo sfo{qmd lyof] . If]lqo pkfWoIF led nfdfn] hg]n{ x?sf] casfzsf] ;/sf/L lg0f{o lhDd]jf/L k"a{s sfdx? ug{ lgb]{zg
ljr g]kfnL hgk|ltzLn d~rsf s]lGb|o dflkmof t:s/x?n] ljleGg ?kn] cfˆgf v'n/] ;dy{g ug{'‘ eof] . g]kfnL qmflG]t lbb} lgat{ d fg cWoIf tyf pQm
;b:o k|df]b vgfnsf] k|d'v cfltYodf sfnf wGbf ul//x] s f] x' g fn] o:tf] cem} klg hf/L 5 eGb} of] s]an o'4 sfo{ q mdsf ;efklt 9' 0 8L/fh
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l9nf] u/L k|fKt rfnjfhL jf6 ;hu /xg' kg]{ jf/] df] r f{ a f6 zflGt df] r f{ d f dfq sf]O/fnfn] lkl8tx?nfO{ /fxt / lab]zdf
;dfrf/ cg';f/, hgo'4 / hgqmflGtdf jtfpg' eof] . ;g}of ^ g+ If]qsf kl/at{g ePsf] lhls/ ug{' eof] . k/] s f] ;d:ofx?sf] hgr] t gfd' n s
hLjgsf] cfx'lt lbg] 1ft – c1ft sf]iffWoIF sf]lknf dl0f zdf{n] g]kfnL PsLs[ t g] = s=kf= -dfcf] a fbL_sf] sfo{x? ub}{ g]kfnLn] g]kfnLnfO{ g} x'g]
;lxbx?k|lt df}g wf/0f jf6 ;'? ePsf] qmflGtdf hgo'4n] b]vfPsf] jf6f]df ;b}a ;/sf/nfO{ c;kmn t'Nofpg ;a} u/]sf 7uL tyf t:s/Lx?sf la?4 Ps
pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj ;g}of IF]q b[ 9 tfk" a { s cl3 j9\ b } ;lxbx?n] xs{tx? k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ eGb} To:tf h'6 x'g clkn ug{' eof] . sfo{qmddf
g+ ^sf cWoIF ;'/]Gb| k|;fb zfxn] ug'{ ;' D kLPsf] yk lhDd] j f/L k' / f ug{ xs{tx?nfO{ c;kmn t'Nofpg g]k] fnL pk:yLt ;a}df wGoafb JoQm ub}{ pQm
ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|af;af6} ePklg g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn ;efsf] la;h{g ug{' eof] .
hgk|ultzLn d~rsf] d'Vo e"ldsf
1fg]Gb| du/n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . d~rsf] sfd st{ J odf lgs}
pQm sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} k|d'v sl6j4?kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Dk"0f{ oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf] bf];|f] k"0f{ a}7s ;DkGg
cltly k|df]b vgfnn] stf/df /x]sf Pl/of O{sfO{ sf ;fyLx?nfO{ cfXfg ug'{ stf/df oftfoft dhb'/x?sf] ;zQm lxtsf lglDt v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f
dfgj t:s/sf ;~hfnx? g]kfnL ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7gsf] ?kdf kl/lrt k|ultzLn ub}}{ cfufdL lbgx?df cem ;zQm eP/
oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf] s]lGb|o nfUgsf nflu klg cfJXfg ug{' eof] .
ax/fOgdf klg g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r sfo{;ldltsf] bf];|f] k"0f{ a}7s oxL k|d'v cltlyn] at{dfg ca:yf df
ax/fOg ÷ æ:jb]z tyf lab]zdf x'g] u/]sf /f]rs qmflGtsf/L lutx? k|:t't u/]sf lyP @) dfr{, @))(df cWoIf 9'08L/fh g] k fnL k| u ltzLn oftfoft dhb' /
dfga t:s/Lx? la?4sf] cleofg, eg] g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r stf/sf cWoIf sf] O /fnfsf] cWoIftfdf tyf d~rn] v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsf ;DaWfL k|lzIf0f
o'ufGtsf/L kl/at{gsf nflu hgu0ftGqfTds hgf{bg lu/Ln] k7fpg' ePsf] z'esfdgf
dxf;lra 7fs'/ e§sf]] ;+rfngdf klg lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
;+lawfgsf] lgdf{0fÆ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy kqnfO{ k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] .
;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf dft[ pQm e]nfn] stf/df oftfoft If]qdf
PsLs[t g]=s=kf= -dfcf]afbL_sf] hg alu{o P]ltxf;Ls ?kdf ;DkGg pQm e]nfn] ch{'g
;+u7g g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r ax/fOgsf] wdnfsf] cWoIftfdf @% ;b:oLo s]lGb|o sfo{ ;+u7g g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~rsf sfd ug] { dhb' / ;fyLx?sf] /] s 8{
oxL dfr{ @& tfl/vsf lbg ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIfx? s]lGb|o cWoIf hgf{bg lu/L, pkfWoIf cWofalws ug]{, sf7d08f}df s]lGb|o
ax/fOgaf;L k|af;L g]kfnLx?sf] pk:yLltdf Gff/fo0f vfn , a'l4/fh /fO{, ltn a= lnDa' xf]d gfy zdf{, sf]iffWoIf u0f]z sfo{no ;+u ;dGjo u/L k|af;df
k|yd s]lGb|o e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL /xg' ePsf] 5 . dxf;lra b'uf{ df]Qmfg, ;lra aflgofF, ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs z';Ln ef]u]sf ;d:ofx?sf] hgr]tgf hufpg]
hgk|ultzLn d~r, ax/fOg e]nf cfof]hs k|sfz bgf{n, ;x ;lra 8a]Gb| laZjsdf{, v8\sf, tyf s]lGb|o ;b:ox? e/t vfnsf /rgfTds sfo{x?sf] k|rf/
sldl6sf cWoIf ch{ ' g wdnfsf] sf]iffWoIf cho >]i7 , ;x–sf]iffWoIf lbg]z 9sfn tyf k|df]b vgfnsf] laz]if k|;f/ ug]{ . a}b]zLs /f]huf/Ldf cfpg
;efkltTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf g]kfnL Sna yfkf tyf ;b:ox? /fh]Gb| clwsf/L, led pk:yLlt /x]sf] lyof] . pk:yLt rfxfg]x?nfO{ ;Lkd'ns / a}wflgs
ax/fOgsf pkfWoIf gu]Gb| rflDnË k|d'v v8\sf, s[i0f xdfn, lbks /fO{, km'jf{ z]kf{, cltlyx?n] k| u ltzLn oftfoft tl/sfaf6 cfpg k|]l/t ug]{ vfnsf
cltly /xg' ePsf] lyof] eg] ax/fOgsf cGo 1fg' ;'Jjf, b]a]Gb| dxt, bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg], dhb'/ d~r stf/n] dhb'/ xs sfo{qmd to ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx? tyf :yflgo kqsf/ nf]s]Gb| >]i7, lvd a= dNn, ;'o{ >]i7, /d]z
x?n] cltlysf] cfzg u|x0f ug{e ' Psf] lyof] . e§/fO{, /fds'df/ /fO{, l;tf/fd ;]9fO{ cfbL g]kfnL hg k|ultzLn d~r stf/sf] dfl;s a'n]l6g ækl/alt{t o'uÆ
cltlysf] cf;gaf6 dGtJo /fVb} Pg=cf/ rog x'g' ePsf] 5 . pQm e]nfn] gu]Gb| k|sflzt ePsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;a}df u/fOG5 . t;y{ cfˆgf n]v,
=Pg= P= ax/fOgsf cWoIf af;'ba] e§/fO{n] rflDnËsf] ;+ o f] h sTjdf kfF r ;b:oLo /rgf, ;dfrf/,;Nnfx, ;'emfa tyf k|ltlqmofx?sf nflu ;Dks{ ug'{ x'g
larf/ / l;4fGt ;a}sf] km/s km/s ePklg ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] klg rog u/]sf] 5 . ;a}df xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f} .
ax/fOgdf k|af;Lx?sf] ;femf ;d:ofnfO{ h;df eQm a= lnDa', ?b| a=wdnf, 6]s k|;fb g]kfnL hg k|ultzLn d~r
;a}n] Psh'6 eP/ lg/fs/0f ug{' kg]d { f hf]8 >]i7 tyf laz]if ;Nnfxsf/df lhag >]i7 s]lGb|o k|sfzg laefu
lbg' eof] . k|sfz bgf{nsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] /xg' ePsf] 5 . E-mail:py.nppfqatar@gmail.com
pQm sfo{qmddf laleGg ;fF:s[lts ;d'xx?n]
kl/alt{t o'u ultlawL
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/}ofg If]lqo ;ldltsf] k'g{u7g oftfoft dhb'/ d~rdf OsfO{ sld6L
/}ofg ÷ ;+u7gnfO{ r':t agfpg] ePsf] larf/ JoQm ub}{ ;a} ;fyLx?nfO{ ;g}of÷g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~rsf] kfg{' ePsf] lyof] . ch{'g yfkfsf]
x]tn
' ] g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r stf/ cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 nflu kg{ klg cfJxfg eft[ ;+ u 7g k| u ltzLn oftfoft ;efkltTjdf e'ldnfn rfkfufO{sf]
cGt/ut /} o fg If] l qo ;ldltsf] ug{‘ eof] . ;f] k'g{u7g e]nfn] rGb| dhb'/ d~rsf] ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf] qmd ;~rfngdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf
k'gu{ 7g oxL dfr{ @) tfl/vdf s]lGb|o a= tfdfËsf] cWoIftfdf gf} ;b:oLo lta| ?kdf al9/x]sf] 5 . ;+u7g pk:yLtx?nfO{ /fhg l/dfnn] :jfut
;b:o /fd a= vqLsf] pk:yLltdf sfo{ ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 h;df lgdf{0fs} l;nl;nfdf ;g}of, #&, #* ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf e'ag
Ps sfo{qmdsf lar ;DkGg eof] . pkfWoIf ab|L gf/fo0f l;+x, ;lra / / #( g+sf PsfO{ sld6Lx?af6 Ps a= tfdfË, x]d/fh vgfn, g]q a=
pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly vqLn] fhg lnDa', ;x;lra k|]d a= u'?Ë, laz]if sldl6sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . 9'+ufgf, rGb| a= rfkfufO{, la/an
stf/df g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~rn] sf]iffWoIf s'n axfb'/ a:g]t tyf ;f] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly hgf{bg a' 9 fyf] s L nufotsf cltlyx?n]
>dhLla dhb'/x?sf] lxtdf u/]sf ;b:ox? u'dfg l;+x k'g, sdn la=s=, lu/Ln] g]kfndf hgafbsf] :ykgfsf dGtJo /fVg' ePs]f lyof] . pQm
nflu k|af;af6 klg qmflGtsf] z'?jft e]nfn] a]b s'df/ v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf
sfo{x?sf] a0f{g ub}{ /}ofg If]lqo s]za s]=;L=, / z+s/ dxtf] /xg' ePsf]
ug{' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . laz]if cltly ( ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g
;ldltn] v]Ng' kg]{ e'ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5.
g]kfnL k|ultzLn oftfoft dhb'/ u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf df]xg
k|ultzLn dw];L tyf d':nLdx? ;+ul7t d~rsf sfo{afxs s]lGb|o cWoIf s]=;L, ;lra x]d/fh vgfn, ;x
stf/df sd{ y nf] agfpg k' u ] s f k|ultzLn larf/ ePsf d':nLdx?nfO{ 9'08L/fh sf]O/fnfn] k|af;df g]kfnL ;lra af;' b ] a kf} 8 ] n , sf] i ffWoIf
k| u ltzLn larf/ ePsf dw] ; L Pp6} l9Ssfdf s]lGb|s[t ub}{ d':nLd dhb'/x?n] ef]Ug k/]sf] ;d:ofx?sf] sf}zn l3ld/], ;b:ox? ;'dg >]i7,
;d'bfox? xfn k|ultzLn ;+u7g ;d'bfosf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf lrq0f ub}{ k|ultzLn oftfoft dhb'/ uf]laGb a'9fyf]sL, lty{ ;fu/ nfdf
lgdf{0fdf h'6]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf vflt/ k|ultzLn d':nLd d~rsf] u7g d~rn] v]Ng' kg]{ e'ldsf dfly k|sfz tyf g]q k|;fb uf}td x'g' x'G5 .
oxL @& dfr{, @))( df k|ultzLn
dw];L d~rsf] lalwat ?kdf tby{
ePsf] va/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt va/
cg' ; f/ df] = ofs' a /fOgsf]
b'vfgdf k|lzIf0f tyf e]63f6 sfo{qmd
b'vfg÷ g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r dhb'/ d~rsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] k|jf;L
;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . pQm e]nfn] ;+of]hsTjdf tyf df]= Oh/fon ldofFsf] stf/ cGtu{t b'vfg If]qLo ;ldltsf] g] k fnLx?n] 7lu bnfnL /
u0fklt zfxsf] ;+of]hsTjdf tyf ;x–;+of]hsTjdf @! ;b:oLo a[xt cfof]hgfdf Ps k|lzIf0f tyf e]63f6 dfgjt:s/Lsf lj?4 cfufdL
km'n]Zj/ ofbasf] ;x–;+of]hsTjdf tby{ ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . df]= sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . If]qLo lbgx?df v]Ng'kg]{ e'dLsfsf ;DjGwdf
!( ;b:o /x]sf] Ps tby{ ;ldltsf] Px;g, df]= ;ldd x';]g, df]= afa/ cWoIf gljg ;' j ] b Ln] cWoIftf k| i 6\ o fpg' e of] eg] s] l Gb| o ;b:o
u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;b:ox? cln, df]= xh/t x';]g, df]= lhofpn ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf d~rsf e/t 9sfnn] If]qLo ;ldltn] p7fPsf
sdn s'df/ ofba, cfnf]s zfx, s[i0f xs, df]= t}oa x';]g, df] cfo'a vfg, s]lGb|o cWoIf hgfb{g lu/L, pkfWoIf ;jfnx?sf] hjfkm lbg'sf ;fy} b'vfg
s'df/ d08n, dgf]h zfx, df]xdb df]= lhofpn ldofF, df]=clg?n x';]g, xf]dgfy zdf{, ;b:o e/t 9sfn, If]qn] k|:t't u/]sf k|:tfjx?nfO{ dgg
xh/t x';}g, lha5 zfx, df]= afa/ nfndf]xdb x';]g, hfd df]xdb, /xd'n k|ultzLn oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf u/L d~rn] l56} gof+ sfo{of]hgf
cln, lha5 dxtf] , Zofd ofba, ldofF, xh/t zfx, nfcf] ldofF, OZ/ sfo{jfxs cWoIf 9'l08/fh sf]O{/fnf, Nofpg] jtfpg'eof] . To;}ul/ pkfWoIf
lbks zfx, dgf] h zfx, dxfb] a flkmn /fO{g, df]= xlaa /fOg, df]= pkfWoIf ch' { g cof{ n , ;b:o xf]dgfy zdf{n] d'n'ssf] ;d;fdlos
d08n, gfu]Zj/ zdf{, lago d08n, ;d;'n xs, df]xdb d'Qm/ cln, tyf e'dLgGb ;fksf]6f nufotsf] uf}/ kl/l:ylt / k|jf;jf6 d~rn] v]Ng'kg]{
b]a s'df/ dxtf], /fh]Gb| eut, tyf chu/ cln pQm tby{ ;ldltsf] ;b:o jk"0f{ pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ e'dLsfsf ;DjGwdf rrf{ ug{'eof] .
lzlsGb/ ofba /xg' ePsf] 5 . pQm /xg' ePsf] 5 . tb{y ;ldltsf ;+of]hs hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngx?df zxfbt k|fKt sfo{ q mddf jf] N b} d~rsf s] l Gb| o
tby{ ;ldltn] l5§} k|yd e]nfsf] df]= ofs'a /fOgsf cg';f/ l5§} e]nf ug] { lj/ zxLbx?k| l t Ps ldg] 6 cWoIf hgfb{ g lul/n] j} b ] z Ls
cfof]hgf ug]{ klg ;+of]hs u0fklt cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf ;+u7g lgdf{0fdf df} g wf/0f ub} { z' ? ePsf] ;f] /f] h uf/Lsf qmddf g] k fnLx?n]
zfxn] atfpg' eof] . lta|tf lbg] klg hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . sfo{ q mddf If] q Lo ;ldltdf xfn ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx? / ;dfwfgsf]
b]lvPsf ;d:of / cfufdL lbgx?df nfuL d~rn] g] k fnL b' t fjf;;+ u
oftfoft dhb'/ d~rdf uNkm /]l8ldS; OsfO{ s]Gb|n] v]Ng'kg]{ e'dLsfsf ;DjGwdf u/]sf] ;xsfo{af/] hfgsf/L lbb} k|jf;L
k|ultzLn oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf] xf] d gfy zdf{ n ] ;f+ u 7flgs cWoIf gljg ;'j]bL, pkfWoIf d'lQm g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g elgPsf] Pg cf/
;+u7g la:tf/s} qmddf ;g}of #* ultlawLx?sf] af/]df k|i6\ofpg' ePsf] vltj8f, ;x;lrj gf/fo0f lnDj', Pg P df k'l+ hkltju{ / 7u bnfnx?n]
:yLt uNkm /]l8ldS;df Ps a[xt lyof] . cltly ch{'g cof{nn] oftfoft sf] i ffWoIf lj/] G b| sfsL{ , ;b:o jiff} { + b ] v L sAhf hdfO{ j;] s f /
cGt/lqmof tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdn] dhb'/ d~r / o;n] v]Ng' kg]{ e'ldsf ef]nfgfy uf}td, k|]d u'?Ë, clgn ltgLx?n] >dlhjLju{sf] lxt ug]{tkm{
uNkm /]l8ldS; OsfO{ sld6Lsf] u7g tyf sfo{qmddf p7]sf lh1f;fx?sf] j'9f nufotn] jf]Ng'ePsf] lyof] eg] s'g} sbd grfnL 7lu / bnfnLsf
u/]sf] 5 . k|ultzLn oftfoft dhb'/ af/] d f oftfoft dhb' / d~rsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng If]qLo ;lrj wGbfnfO{dfq kIfkf]if0f ul//x]sfn] ;f]
d~rsf s]lGb|o ;lrafno ;b:o xl/ wf/f0ff JoQm ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] . sdn g] k fnn] ug' { e Psf] lyof] . sf] e08fkmf] / ug' { h?/L ePsf]
axfb'/ du/sf] ;efkltTjdf tyf lgaf{lrt OsfO{sf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} k|ultzLn oftfoft jtfpg'eof] .
/f]zg u'?Ësf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] pQm cltly 9'08L/fh sf]O/fnfn] z'esfdgf
sfo{ q mddf k| d ' v cltly g] k fnL k|bfg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . pQm e]nfn] k|af;L lhag ;+u} xf]nLsf] /+u
hgk|ultzLn d~rsf s]lGb|o cWoIf /f]zg u'?Ësf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo z'zLn v8\sf ÷cfkm\gf] ;+:s[tL / xf]nL pT;j dgfP . ef]hdf uPsf
hgf{bg lu/L tyf cGo cltlyx?df sfo{;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df k/Dk/f;+u dfG5]x?sf] nufj uhjs} xfdLx? TotLj]nf bË k¥of}+ . k|af;L
x'G5 . xhf/f}+ dfO{n 6f9f k/fO{sf] e'lddf lhag ;+u} lg/Gt/ / lgoldt d]lzg
g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~rsf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf ;'o{ s'df/ u'efh', ;lra s]z/
Tof] klg d?e'dLsf] a;fO{+ dg t cfs'n h:t} ablnPsf xfdLx?n] Ps, b'O{
pkfWoIf xf]d gfy zdf{, k|ultzLn a= la=s=, sf] i ffWoIf hgs nfdf, Jofs'n alg/x]sf] j]nf xf]lnk"l0f{dfsf] 306fsf] /dfO{nf] e]63f6sf] qmddf dg
oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf sf=jf= cWoIf ;b:ox? cf]d s'dfn, k|sfz zdf{, ;fFem Ps emNsf]n] cfkm\g} 7fpFsf] ofb xlif{t agfof}+ . s] kxf8 s] dw]z s]
9'08L/fh sf]O/fnf tyf k|ultzLn /d]z k|= yf?, lszg rf}w/L, k|lbk lbnfof] . u0fktL zfxsf] ;+of]hsTjdf hfthftL / wd{ xfdL ;j} g]kfnLdfq
oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf pkfWoIf rf}w/L, nId0f sF8]n, d}t] af]6], pd]z k|ultlzn dw]zL d~r bf]xf stf/4f/f ePsf lyof}+ To;j]nf, s]jn g]kfnL dfq
ch{‘g cof{nsf] /xg' ePsf] lyof] . s'df/ kf;jfg, rGb| s'df/ >]i7 /xg' ;]So'l/6L ;]km\6L P08 6]8« ;]G6/df ljz]if . cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf cgfjZos efF8e}nf]
pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly lu/Ln] ePsf] 5 eg] x/L axfb'/ du/nfO{ u/]/ t/fO{ d'nsf ;fyLx?sf] ;lqmotfdf rnL/x]sf j]nf Pstf / eft[Tj vf]Hg
k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] eg] cltly ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hsdf r'lgPsf] 5 . Pp6f /dfO{nf] e]63f6 sfo{qmd u/L t k|jf;L kf] aGg' k/]sf] 5 .
 kl/alt{t o'u larf/
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%
Pl;ofdf tL/ xfGb} ubf{ aNb}5 lxdfno @ s'df/ zfx
cd] l /sf a] n fotb] l v o' / f] k Lo 5 . /, To;sf] s]Gb| rLg lj?4sf] n8fO{+df ef/tdf cd]l/sL cfudgsf] cg'sn ' kl/l:ylt lzoflnªn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L v'Nnf /
dxfb] z ;Ddsf clt ljsl;t elgg] /x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb hlxn] klg lgdf{0f ug]5 { . cd]l/sfnfO{ kmfOb}kmfObf 5, cfqmf]lzt ?kdf l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP ls
;fd|fHojfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf ;fem]bf/ 5f]6] l;w} cd]l/sfsf] e'ldaf6 cfqmd0f gu/]/ ;s] rLgnfO{ tx;gx; kfg],{ g;s] rLgnfO{ g]kfndf åGå Joj:yfkgsf gfddf a;]sf]
;fd|fHojfbL b]zx?sf] lu4]b[li6 ca blIf0f h'g b]zsf] lj?4 n8\g'5, To;}sf] l5d]sL o'4 gfsfaGbL nufpFb} ef/t nufot blIf0f cgldgn] rLglj?4 8/nfUbf] ultljlw ul//
Plzofdf k/]sf] 5 . casf] ;fd|fHojfbL b]zsf] e'ld k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] PlzofnfO{ xltof/ tyf pTkflbt ;fdfgx?sf] x]sf] 5 eg]/ .
lgzfgfsf] …a'n KjfOG6Ú leq g]kfn klg kg{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] ckmuflg:tfg, Psnf}6L laqmLsIf agfpg] . To:t} kfls:tfgsf] e'ld ckmuflg:tfg
k'us] f] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL aa{/ cftª\ssf] lslnª kfls:tfg, g]kfn / hfkfgsf] e'ld k|of]u kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cd]l/sL cy{tGq cfqmd0fdf k|of]u u/]sf] cd]l/sfn] clxn]
/]Ghdf g]kfn, kfls:tfg / e'6fgsf l;ª\uf] ug]{ bfpdf 5 . xªsª rLgnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/ tx;gx; ePsf] cj:yfdf cd]l/sf cfkm} kfls:tfgdfly g} lbgbxf8} /s]6åf/f cfqmd0f
e'efu lrlGxt ePsf 5g\ . s] ;fFRr} g} ;lsPsf] / kmdf]{;f 6fk' -tfOjfg_ df rLg rLg xfGg hfFb5 } g} . p;nfO{ lhTg' klg 5 / ul//x]sf] 5 cft+sjfb lgoGq0fsf] gfddf .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL lgzfgfsf] uf]nf] /ftf] ;dy{s zf;s lgjf{lrt ePsf] sf/0f tL o'4 cy{tGq psf:g' klg 5 . To;}n] ;se/ ld;g blIf0f Plzof ePsf] a]nf cd]l/sfn]
3]/fleq blIf0f Plzof k/]s} xf] t < of] ca e'lddfly ;fd|fHojfbn] 6]lsxfNg] cfwf/ ef/t rLg n8fP/ If]qLo o'4sf] :j?kleq O/fgdfly cfqmd0f ub}{g, lsgls p;sf]
;fd|fHojfbnfO{ cf/f]k nufpg] /f]df~rsf/L 5}gg\, tyflk blIf0f Plzofsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] cfk\mgf] e'ldsf vf]Hg] bfpdf 5, cd]l/sf . /0fgLlt ljs]lGb|t x'G5 / ljZjdf csf]{
k|Zg dfq ag]sf] 5}g a? ;fd|fHojfbL aa{/ b]z ef/tsf] e'ld k|of]u ug]{af/] cd]l/sf / clxn] cfP/ blIf0f Plzofs} dfglrq w'j| Ls/0f x'g;S5, O/fg n8fO{af6 . To;}n]
oftgfsf kL8fx? ef]Ug] cj:yflt/ w]/} cl3 ef/tsf zf;sx?aLr s'/f ldln;s]sf] 5}g . -b]zx?df gS;f_ ablng] s'/fx? ub}{5g\, p;n] O/fgnfO{ xKsfpg] / t;f{pg] gLlt
al9;s]sf] uDeL/ k|Zg alg;s]sf] 5 . t/, ef/tLo e'ld k|of]u ug{ cd]l/sf Hofb} ef/t / cd]l/sLk/:t ljZn]ifs / ljåfgx? . clVtof/ ug] { 5 , rLgdfly s] x L ;Lk
of] ;fd|fHojfbL lgzfgf PsfPs km]l/ g} nfnflot 5 . p:t} k/]5 eg] kfls:tfg / gS;f t slt ablnG5, t/ o'4sf] :j?k eg] gnfu]kl5 kms]{/ ToxL eP klg u/f}+ g eGg]
Psf] eg] sbflk xf]Og, a? qmdzM of] cufl8 rLglj?4 ef/tnfO{ n8\g pEofP/ cfkm' ;f/ blIf0f Plzofdf km]l/b} uPsf] eg] cjZo} l:yltdf O/fgdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ afWofTds
a9]sf] xf] . o;sf d'ntM @ j6f sf/0fx? 5g\ . yL ePsf] axfgf ug]{ / ef/tnfO{ xf/u'xf/ xf] . cj:yf l;h{gf gx'bF f;Dd .
Pp6f, rLgdfly /fhg}lts kmf}hL 3]/faGbL / dfUg] cj:yfdf k'¥ofP/ / cfkm' ef/tdf >Lnª\sfsf] tldn 6fOu/x?sf] n8fO{sf] a?, cd]l/sf / ef/t lk|m ltAatsf]
cfqmd0f, bf] ; | f ] , ;Defljt rLg /l;of /ftf] sfk]6{ la5\ofP/ ef/tLox?s} tfnL vfFb} rfdTsfl/s cGTosf] 5fF6sfF6 b]lvb}5 . Tof] gf/f / Jofg/ cGt/ut lrlgofF lj?4 lrlgofF
u7hf]8lj?4 k'j{klZrd cIff+z /]vLo akm/ To; e'lddf 6]Sg] p;sf] sNkgf oyfy{df km'dGt/ u/] em}+ x'g klg a]/ nfUg] 5}g lsgls km'6fpg / n8fpg p2t b]lvG5g\ . To;sf]
:6]6sf] lgdf{0f . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ ablng w]/a} /] nfUg] h:tf] klg b]lvGg . xf]Og, tldnx?nfO{ cfly{s / xftxltof/ ;xof]u nflu pgLx?n] tof/Lsf] ynf]sf ;fy} o'4df]rf{
o;kflnsf] cfly{s dGbL;+u} To; b]zsf] o'4 s] ;fFRr} lglePs} xf] t lgzfgf < jf ;KnfO{ ul//x]sf 7"nf o'4 Jofkf/Lx?, tL g]kfnsf] e'efuaf6 vf]Ng rfxG5g\ . lrlgofF
cy{tGqnfO{ w/fzfoL cj:yfaf6 hLjg k|bfg xf] . o;sf cfwf/x? xfd|f] cfFvf;fd' d'ntM ef/tLo 5g\, n] tldn o'4af6 xft ;/sf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/;+u ltAatsf] gfddf
ug'{ 5 . o'4åf/f lgld{t cy{tGqdf cfPsf] 5n{ªu\ } 5g\ . d'DaOsf] tfh xf]6n ] df ePsf] lemls/x]sf 5g\ . lsgls ca pgLx?n] …;'gsf] ul/g] x/ lsl;dsf rLglj/f]wL ultljlw dfly
dGbLnfO{ csf]{ 7"n} o'4 gu/]/ Tolt ;lhn} 36gf cd]l/sfnfO{ glhsaf6 cWoog ug]{ nª\sfÚ af6 Tolt w]/} xft nfUg] b]lv/x]sf s8fO{ ug{ af/Daf/ cg'/f]w ul//x]sf] 5 .
psf:g ;lsb}g . cd]l/sf To;}sf] w'gdf 5 . ljZn] i fsx?n] atfPcg' ; f/, cd] l /sL 5}gg\ . a? ca cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL g]kfnl:yt z+sf:kb cd]l/sL /fhb'tfjf;,
oyfy{sf] Pp6f kf6f] xf] of] . l;cfOPsf] of]hgfdf 36fOPsf] xf] . lsgls of] h gfcg' ; f/ rLg, kfls:tfg / hxfF 8/nfUbf] cG8/u|fp08 ejg;lxt /8f/
;fy;fy}, oyfy{sf] csf]{ kf6f] klg 5 . cd]l/sf Ps t ef/tLox?nfO{ pgLx?sf] pQ/sf]l/of lj?4sf] u'?of]hgfdf nufgL ubf{ x? h8fg ul/Psf] 5, tL ultljlwx?sf]
Tof] eg]sf] af/fs cf]afdf cfpg'cl3 h'lgo/ efjgfTds / cx+sf] gfhfoh kmfObf p7fP/ k':tf}+ k'Ug] d'gfkmf s'DNofpg] ;kgfdf lgln{Kt lgb]{zgsf] ynf] ag]sf] k|lt b'tfjf; jl/kl/
a'zsf] kfnfdf ckmuflg:tfg / O/fsdfly kfls:tfgdfly hfO nufpg rfxG5 . eP/ nfu]sf 5g\ . kmntM cfly{s tyf xltof/ sf ;j{;fwf/0fx?sf] ;d]t tLj| /f]if k|s6
ul/Psf] xdnfdf cd]l/sf g/fd|f];Fu km;]sf] ;fy;fy} cd] l /sfn] Tof] cftª\ s sf/L sf] cefjdf ln§]sf] k[ystfjfbL o'4df eO/x]sf] 5fkfx?df 5\ofk5\ofKtL cfO/x]sf
5 . ToxfF gfkmfeGbf 3f6f a9L ePsf] 5 . xdnfdfkm{t\ ef/t cfkm} sdhf]/ / lg/Lx gf6sLo kl/jt{g x'bF 5 } . 5g\ . s]xL lbgcl3 b]lv dfq} cd]l/sL
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL cfly{s dGbLleqsf] 5 / s'g} klg ;fgf] 36gf;d]t p;n] o;} k|;ª\u;Fu g]kfnnfO{ / g]kfnsf] /fhb't GofG;L h] kfj]n, ef/tLo /fhb't
sf/0fx?dWo] ckmuflg:tfg tyf O/fsdflysf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sb}g eg]/ ef/tsf] dgf]an / o'4 -hgo'4_ nfO{ hf]8\g ge'Nbf cWoogsf] /fs]z ;'b / hd{gL /fhb't ;lxt ef/tLo
n8fO{ l5§} g6'luª\g' / ljho xft gnfUg' klg dgf]lj1fgdf ;Sbf] x|f; Nofpg rfxG5 / kf6f] cln a9L km/flsnf] xf]nf . hgo'4sfnd} ;]gfsf] 6f]nL lxdfnkf/Lsf] lhNnf d':tfªdf
xf] . ;fy;fy} ljZjsf] dxfzlQmsf] ?kdf rfx]sf] k|i6 b]lvG5 . xf]6n tfhdf ef/tLo o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cd]l/sf / ef/taLr hd]/ al;/x]sf 5g\ . d':tfªsf …e'tk'j{
pbfpFb} u/]sf] rLgsf] ljZjahf/dflysf] ;]gfx? lgoGq0f ug{ hfFbf a9L eGbf a9L xs / rs sf] n8fO{ lgs} g} rn]sf] xf] . /fhfsf] bz{ge]6Ú sf] gfddf ToxfF k'u]sf
csNkgLo lj:tf/n] klg To;df sd e'ldsf klZrdf / ljz]iftM cd]l/sL hf;';x?sf] …xsÚ cd]l/sfsf] bfaL lyof] eg] …rsÚ ef/ tL /fhb'tx? / ;}Go 6's8L 3f]8faf6
v]n]sf] 5}g . clt/~hgfk"0f{ ;'rgfsf] sf/0fn] ;r{ tsf] bfaL lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] …xsÚ o;dfg]df 7fpF7fpFsf] ofqf ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{
ljZj cfly{s dGbL ;+u;+u} ljZj ax;sf] cleofg ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{n] tLg lbg eGbf ls p;n] ljZjdf cfkm' / cfk\mgf] cTofrf/ kmf}hL efiffdf zfob …;e]{Ú elgG5 xf]nf /
s]Gb| ag]sf] 5, ;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf . a9L nufPsf lyP . o;} a f6 a' l emG5 sf] lj?4df cfjfh p7fpg] hf] s;}nfO{ p:t} k¥of] eg] …/]sLÚ klg lsgls of] g]kfnL
ljZjsf cy{zf:qLx?sf ;fy} kF"hLklt / cd]l/sL /0fgLlt ef/tdfly s:tf] vfnsf] …cftÍjfbL / cftÍjfbÚ sf] laNnf le/fP/ ;]gf / g]kfndf clwsf/Lx?n] cfk\mg} b]zleq
k"FhLjfbsf JofVoftfx?n] klg clxn] ;+/If0f 5 eg]/ . sTn]cfd ug]{ 7]Ssf g} lnPsf] 5 . To:t} u/]sf] :jefljs e|d0f eg] kSs} xf]Og .
/ lbzf lgb]{zg ug]{ Pp6f alnof] ;+oGqsf] km]l/ ef/tn] klxn] z/0f lbPsf bnfO ef/tsf] …rsÚ o; dfg]df ls p;sf] ;}Go ljZn]ifsx? vDkf ljb|fx] sf] :d/0f
cfjZostf x'bF f]/x]5 eg]/ ulx/f] u/L dx;'; nfdf clxn] ef/ts} nflu 3fF8f] alg/x]sf g] k fn;F u ;fF w ;Ldf hf] l 8Psf] 5 . ul//x]sf 5g\ . /, xfn cd]l/sL tyf
u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ of] 5g\ . lsgls :jtGq ltAatsf] gf/f lbP/ hgo'4nfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] csf]{ df]8 ef/tLo e|d0fsf] kbf{k5fl8 Tof] cj:yfsf]
;+efJo / 6fg}{ g;lsg] ;dfhjfbL /fHo;Qf rLg lj?4sf] ultljlwnfO{ bnfO nfdfn] ef/ lbPkl5 …xs / rsÚ sf] n8fO{ …åGå k'ghf{u/0f x'g;Sg] s'/fn] eml:sO/x]sf 5g\ .
:yfkgfsf] ax; / ;dy{gn] ;xg} g;Sg] u/L tsf] s]Gb|Lo /fhwfgL gofF lbNnLd} t]h Joj:yfkgÚ df ;¥of] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] of] e|d0f o; cy{df cd]l/sL df:6/ Nkfg;Fu
cf}8fxf ePsf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf cd]l/sL ultdf cl3 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . bnfO nfdfsf] cflwsfl/s lgsfo cgldg g]kfn l5¥of] . hf]l8Psf] uDeL/ /0fg}lts sl/8f]/sf]
;fd|fHojfbn] 5f]6] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] …xf]:6] ultljlw cd]l/sfsf] xftdf /x]sf] c:q ag]sf] cd]l/sfsf] rnv]n ug]{ 7fpF km]l/ klg dgUo pb\3f6g xf]Og eGg ;lsg] 7fpF 5}g .
/ x};+ Ú] df cfk\mgf] >]i7tf Psk6s k'gM sfod 5, h;n] b'O{j6f r/f Ps}k6s dfb}{5 . tL g} /x\of] . 7Ls To;} a]nf -cgldg cfpFbf_ blIf0fPlzof xfGb} ubf{ lgzfgf ;ª\s]tsf]
ug{ vf]hs ] f] b]lvG5, rfx] To;n] t];f| ] ljZjo'4 x'g\, ef/t / rLg . lsg < lsgls bnfO{ rLgn] g]kfnsf] zflGt :yfkgfdf cfk\mgf] nflu lxdfn afNgsf nflu ;fd|fHojfb /
g} lsg glgDTofcf];\ . nfdfsf] ultljlwn] ef/t / rLgsf] e'ldsfaf/] v'n]/} s'/f /fv]sf] oxL cy{df lj:tf/jfb 7fpF vf] H b} d' : tfª k' U g'
To;} n ] o' 4 lgzfgfsf] 5gf} 6 6s/fjnfO{ ult k|bfg ug{ pQ]hssf] sfd lyof] . ev{/} g]kfnaf6 sfo{sfn k'/f u/L /fli6«otfdfly v8f ePsf] uDeL/ k|ZglrGx
;fd|fHojfbsf] cfFvfdf blIf0f Plzof k/]sf] u/L rLg–ef/t o'4sf] ?k lbg'sf ;fy} rLg kmls{Psf e'tk'j{ lrlgofF /fhb't e\mofª ePsf]df s;}sf] b'O{dt 5}g / x'g;Sb}g .
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;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf avt p7]sf ;afnx? – sdn g]kfn

;lbof}b+ l] vsf] plTk8gnfO{ w'nf] r6fpb} :jfy{df /Dg] / hgtfnfO{ ;+w} u'd/ /fhlgltdf tfg]/ sf]O{/fnfn] clxn] h'g gful/s kG5g' x'b}g o;y{ /fHosf]ifsf]
ul/j lgd'vf hgtf clg ;j{xf/fju{sf] fxd} /fVg] if8oGqn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] /fhlglts clei6 k'/f ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\, b'?kof]u eO{/x]sf] 5 of 5}g o;jf/]
clwsf/ / st{ J onfO{ ;+ l jwfgdf ;+3f/df cfO{k'u]sf xfdLn] hgd'lv Tof] pgL cfkm\gf]nfuL dfq xf]O{g pgsf] cg' u dgdf x/] s ;r] t gful/ssf]
;+:yfut ug'{kg]{ xfdL / xfd|f] b]z ;+ljwfg jGg]df cfz+sf ug{'kg]{ ePsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] l;Ëf] kfl6{sf] O{ltxf;df e'ldsf ;'/lIft /xg]ul/ ;+ljwfgdf
g] k fnsf] cToGt} dxTjk" 0 f{ ;do 5 . hgd' v L ;+ l jwfg jg] d f, ;j} e Gbf 3fts 7xl/g] 5 , JolQm Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
cfO{;s]sf] 5 . ljutsf lbgx?df qmflGtsf/L e'dL;'wf/ nfu' ePdf, ljz]ifsf] Psnf}l6 lg0f{odf rln/x]sf] qmflGt ljgf kl/jt{g c;+ej 5 /
;dfhsf] c+fvfdf w'nf] 5\ofk]/ Ps5q j]kQf 5fgljg cfof]u u7g ePdf, g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ of] s'/f j]n}df r]tgf kl/jt{g ljgf ljsf; emg} c;+ej 5
/fh ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] tfgfzfxL /fhtGqsf] /fhb/jf/ xTofsf08jf/] ;TotYo jfxL/ v'Ng' h?/L 5 . . xfdL ;j}nfO{ hfgsf/L ePs} ljifo
cGTo ePsf] 5 . lxhf] ltg} tfgfzflx cfPdf cfkm\gf] eljio 8f+jf8f]n x'g] d'n'ssf k'+lhkltju{, e|i6frf/L g]tf, xf] hgtfsf] bzjif]{ qmflGts} cf8df
/fhtGqsf] g'g vfP/ p;}sf] u'nfdLdf b]v]sf lo tTjx? o;}sf] jrfp :j?k dGqLx? nufot cfkm'nfO{ ;De|fGt eGg ;fdlGt /fhtGqsf] cGTo ;+ej ePsf]
/Dg] bnx? s'g s'g x'g\ / lt clxn] k'gM b/jf/nfO{g} kfngkf]if0f ug{ ;xdt ?rfpg] s] l x ju{ x ?n] cfkm\ g f xf] . ljlNnjf7sf] l:yltdf k' u ] s f
s;/L /fhtGqnfO{ k'gM:yflkt ug]{ ePsf] tYo v'ln;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dx+uf jf]l8{Ë :s'nx? vf]n/] bnx?n] k'gM ;Qfdf rnv]n ug]{ cfwf/
k|of; ub}{5g\ , Tof] g]kfnL hgtfn] hgtfnfO{ ;w}+ u'd/fxdf /fv]/ Psnf}l6 k9fO{ /x]sf 5g\, v'n]cfd lzIffsf] e'dL kfPsf x'g\ . t/ clxn] Tolx
iki6tfsf ;fy lrlg;s]sf 5g\ . zfifg ug{ rfxg] b/jf/ / ltgsf Jofkf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . sDklg P]g qmflGtsf] dfgdb{ g eO{ / x] s f] 5,
hgtfn] bzsf}+b]lv ;+3if{ u/]/ NofPsf] ef8fsf 66\6'x?nfO{ cj ;bfsf nfuL cg';f/ btf{ ePsf lt lzIffsf] Jofkf/ :j3f]lift d'nwf/sf bnx?n] cfkm\gf]
u0ftGqnfO{ t'xfO{ cg]s jxfgfdf hgtfjf6 ljbf ug's { f] s'g} ljsNk jf+sL ug]{ sDklgx? ;/sf/nfO{ s/ ltg{'kg]{ k[ i 7e' d L lj;] { s f 5g\ / ;j{ x f/f
/fhtGq hf]ufpg] rnv]nn] plgx? 5}g . s/ 5Ng eg] cg]sf}+ jxfgfjflh ub}{5g\ /fi6«jfbsf] gf/fnfO{ d'n?kdf p7fpb}
hgtfsf] efjgfdfyL s;/L v]njf8 clxn] ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] d'2f h6Ln . lzIffsf] gfddf x'g] lo / o:tf 7lusf cfO{ / x] s f] g] s kf dfcf] j fbLnfO{
ub}{ 5g\ eGg]s'/f k|i6 eO{;s]sf] 5 . df]8df k'u]sf] 5 . olb 4G4nfO{ ;lx cGo wGbfx?nfO{ tTsfn jGb ug{ Pdfn]s/0f ug{ / k'gM oyf:yLltd} b]z
hgtfsf] 9's9'sLdf j:g ;kmn bnnfO{ 9+ u jf6 Joj:yfkg ug] { xf] eg] g;s]klg kf+r k|ltzt xf]Og{ zt k|ltzt rnfpg e/dUb'/ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\
s;/L cg]sf}+ if8oGq ul/ km;fpg] / ;]gf;dfof]hgsf] d'n d'2fdf bnx?n] s/ nufP/ Tof] /sd u/Lj lgd'vf . o;k|lt j]n}df ;r]ttf ckgfpb}
cfkm\gf] clei6 l;4 ug]{ eGg] plx c3]{NofO{+ ul//xg'sf] s'g} t's 5}g . hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lzIffdf vr{ ;j{xf/fju{ k|ltsf] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfdf
k'/fg} l3gnfUbf] v]ndf lo bnx? e/ cem} o;dfly g]kfnL ;]gfdf x'b} cfPsf] gu/] ; Dd ul/a hgtfn] jf:tljs cf+r cfpg glbg g]skf dfcf]jfbL
dUb'/ k|of;/t ePsf] cj lbgsf] lgodLt cjsfzsf] k|s[ofdf k|ltklIf ;dfgtfsf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ . h;/L lg/Gt/ ;+ 3 if{ ub} { cl3
3fdh:t} 5n{Ë eO{;s]sf] 5 . of] k|of; g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fhg}lts /+u lbO{ b' u { d e] s sf hgtfx?n] lzIffsf] jl9/fv] s f] 5, To;df ;fy lbb}
g]kfnjf6dfq ;+ej x'g] gb]v]kl5 gof+ ;]gfnfO{ cgfjZos ?kdf /fhlgltdf pHofnf] Hof]lt b]Vg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . k|lts[ofjfbL rnv]nsf] ;d'n cGTo
lblNndf ;d]t Tj+ z/0fd\ ug{ k'u]sf tfGg] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . kfl6{leq ;/sf/df j;]/ /fli6«o 9'sl' 6sf] b'?kof]u gu/];Dd xfd|f] nIo k'/f ePsf] dflgb}g
5g\ . ljutdf klg lo bnx?n] cfGtl/s nf] s tflGqs/0f / ug]d{ fq xf]Og{ , /fHonfO{ ltg'k{ g]{ lgodLt . clxn] d'n's O{ltxf;s} cToGt hl6n
o:t} v fn] ultljlw ub} { ef/tnfO{ o'jfk':tfnfO{ g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ s/ 5n]/ ljb]zjf6 leq\ofO{Psf ltg} df]8jf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 , o;j]nf hgtf
g]kfnL e'efu ;'Dk]sf pbfx/0fx? dfunfO{ lg/Gt/ nTofpb} cfO{/x]sf ;fdfg jhf/df dx+uf]df j]r]/ hgtf ;r]t gx'g] xf] eg] kl/jt{gsf] ;+efjgfn]
xfdL;fd' k|z:t} 5g\ . sfnfkfgL, ;':tf lul/hfk| ; fbsf] o; xs{ t n] plg / /fi6«kl| t 7lu ul//x]sf bnfn k'l+ hklt d't{?k kfpg' lgs} ufx|f] b]lvG5 . t;y{
nufotsf If]qx? Eff/tnfO{ Jofh o'jfk':tfsf s§/ lj/f]wL /x]sf] 7x/ Jofkfl/x?nfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf NofP/ k|ltudgsfl/ e|dnfO{ lrb}{ hgtfsf]
:j?k 6S¥ofO{;s]sf sf/0f / ;/sf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . ljutb]vLg} ;Qfsf nfuL jhf/ cg' u dg ltj| gjgfP;Dd zfifg :yfkgf geP;Dd s'g}klg jfwf
sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cToGt lgs[i6 / lgtfGt JoQmLjfbL pkef]Qmf lxt / :j:y jhf/Ls/0fsf Jojwfgjf6 ljrlnt geO{ ;+3if{ kydf
sltko /fli6« o tf klIfo c8fgsf rl/q k|bz{g ub}{cfPsf sf]O{/fnf o; d'2fx? ;+w} cnkq kb{5g\ . /fHok|ltsf] cl8u /xg' xfdL ;j} s f] /fi6« /
sf/0f ?i6 ef/tnfO{ l/emfP/ ;Qf 36gfjf6 emg} gf+luPsf 5g\ . ;]gfnfO{ cfkm\gf] bfloTjjf6 s'g}klg b]zeQm hgtfk|ltsf] st{Jo x'g cfp5 .
;g}ofdf d~rsf] ;ldlt la:tf/ ;g}ofdf labfO{ sfo{qmd
k|jf;L g]kfnL dhb'/x?sf] lxtk|lt ;b}j fjt, led rf}wl/ cfbL /x]sf 5g\ . ;g}of ÷g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r, pkfWoIf led nfdfsf] ljbfO{ ug{
;dlk{ t /xb} cfPsf] g] k fnL sfo{ q mddf jf] N b} d~rsf s] l Gb| o ;g} o f If] q g+ ^ Ps sfo{ q mdsf] cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} d~rsf
hgk|ultzLn d~rsf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs v8\sfn] – qmflGt / cfof]hgf u¥of] . If]lqo cWoIf ;'/]Gb| s]lGb|o cWoIf hgfb{g lul/n] j}b]lzs
sf] qmdklg lg/Gt/ jl9/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf lj?4 ljifjdg ul//x]sf s]lx k|;fb zfxsf] cWoIftf tyf d~rsf /f]huf/sf qmddf x'g] u/]sf 7lunfO{
o;}ljr ;g}of $% df d~rsf] hjfof k|ltqmflGtsf/L rl/q jf]s]sf tTjx?sf] s]lGb|o cWoIf hgfb{g lul/sf] k|d'v lgoGq0f / lg?T;flxt ug{ d~rn] v]Nb}
O{sfO{ ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . s]o/ ;d'n cGTosf nfuL rf}tkmL{ 3]/fjlGbug{ cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf cfPsf] e'ldsfnfO{ unt cy{ nufO{
l;+x ;fls{sf] ;+of]hsTj tyf d~rsf k|jf;jf6} Jofks ;~hfn lgdf{0f ub}{ d~rsf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf xf]dgfy zdf{, d~rsf lj?4 k|xf/ ug{ / d~rnfO{
s]lGb|o ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs z'zLn hfg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] pxfFn] o; sf] i ffWoIf u0f] z jflgof, s] l Gb| o jbgfd u/fpg ;lqmo tTjx?
v8\sfsf] k|dv' cfltYotfdf j;]sf] Ps qmddf d~rn] v]ns ] f] e'ldsfnfO{ jbgfd ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs z'lzn v8\sf, cjktgsf] ;+ 3 f/df k' l u;s] s f]
e]nfdf ;f] ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] xf] . ug{ k|jf;df 7'nf] lu/f]x ;lqmo /x]sfn] ;Nnfxsf/ /fh' 8'd|], s]lGb|o ;b:ox? jtfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;dfhdf ljleGg
s] o /l;+ ;fls{ cWoIf /x] s f] pQm o;tkm{klg ;r]ttf ckgfpg'kg]{ v'nf;f e/t 9sfn, lbn j v8\sf, cd/]z cfj/0fdf /x]sf 7u bnfnx? / ltgsf
;ldltsf] pkfWoIf, ;lrj, ;x;lrj ug'{eof] . o;}ljr d~rsf] ;g}of #^ df ;fu/ df] Q mfgsf ;fy} k| u ltzLn gfO{s]x?nfO{ d~rn] lgs6 eljiod}
tyf sf]ifWoIfdf qmdzM v]d j yfkf, klg Ps O{sfO{ ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] oftfoft dhb'/ d~rsf sf jf cWoIf ;fj{hlgs ug]{klg jtfpg'eof] . ;f]
o'j/fh 8fFuL, s[i0f j/fn, d]3gfy 5 . xl/k|;fb cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t 9'l08/fh sf]O{/fnf, ;lrj /fhg l/ cj;/df pxfFn] cfkm\gf ultljlw /
sfkm\n] /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;b:ox?df xl/ pQm ;ldltdf jljg/fh u'?Ë, e'jg dfn nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] sfo{ k | 0 ffnLnfO{ ;xh jgfpg l56}
k+u]lg, bn jxfb'/ ;fls{, z]/ jxfb'/ kf}8]n, ;'o{ j jf]x/f, lbks lj s qmdzM lyof], sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng d~rsf g]kfndf klg ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]nLg
;fls{, jb|L kl/of/, wg jxfb'/ 5Gt]n, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, ;x;lrj / sf]iffWoIf s]lGb|o ;b:o k|df]b vgfnn] ug'{ePsf] nfu] s f] v' n f;f ug' { e of] . ;f] l x
ltn jxfb'/ g]kfnL, lj/ jxfb'/ 3n], /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;b:ox?df b]lj kl/of/ lyof] . d'n's kms{g] qmddf /x]sf sfo{qmddf If]qdf l/Qm x'g cfPsf]
jfj'nfn ltjf/L, bfdf]b/ sfkm\n], /lj / ,xf]d nu'g tyf ljho lj s /x]sf 5g\ If]lqo cWoIf ;'/]Gb| k|;fb zfx tyf ==========af+sL & k]hdf
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pgs} 7'nf] :j/ ;'lgbf] /x]5 d}n] af]n]sf zJbx? cWof/f]nfO{ pHofnf] lsgsL of] ;do em'k|f]x?sf] xf]
/fi6«3ftLx?n] olx u/] ladf]lrt x'b}5 agfpg]sf] n:s/df of] of]u blntx?sf] xf]
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k|To]s uf+psf] cfjfh u'lGhg' k5{ l;+xb/jf/ leq b'|t ultdf cuf8L j9\g' k5{
Xbosf :kGbgx?df k|To]ssf] dg / dlitisdf s[lifdf gofF qmflGt NofO{
d'6'sf k|To]s w8\sgx?df ljsl;t g]kfnsf] sf]/Lg' k5{ lrq ldn]/ ;j} km'6]sf efO{
x'ls{/x]sf] xfd|f] :jfledfg l;+xb/jf/ leq sf7df08f}nfO{ dfq ;j}sf] hf]z / ;f]rnfO{ ;ld>0f u/L
g]kfn lrG5f} eg] ltldn] kl/jt{gsf] cfjfh Ps} 7f+pdf e/L
k/fOsf k~hfleq s}b xf]Og s0ff{nL klg g]kfn xf] d]/f] snd xf], gof g]kfn lgdf0f{ ;dy{gsf]
d'Qm cfsfzdf sfjf v]Ng'k5{ cj ltldn] , rfn]/ kfO{nf km]/L cleofg kl/jt{gsf] ..
:jtGqtfsf] cfefifdf /Dg'k5{ ;g}ofdf =======k]h ^ sf] af+sL ;f] If]qsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| k|;fb zfxn] 1fg' yfkf du/n] d~rsf] ;g}of If]q g+
cj eg,jf:tljs /fli6«otf ltd|f] ls d]/f] < cWoIf / pkfWoIf kbdf e'uf]nsf] h'g;'s} s'gfdf /x]/klg ^ n] k'¥ofpb} cfPsf] of]ubfgnfO{ cem}
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of] . sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf jf]Nb} hgfpg'eof] eg] gjlgo'Qm cWoIf hfl/ /fVg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{eof] .
 b'vfg If]q, Pl/of tyf O{sfO ;ldltsf] la:tf/ tyf k'g{u7g

kl/alt{t o'u clGtd kftf] *

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hg]n{ x?sf] cjsfz k|s/0f / lj/f]wsf :j/x? @ l8NnL dNn

kbfjlw ;lsPsf g]kfnL ;]gfsf yk ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ rsf]{ bafa lbO/ To;sf] /fHon] sb/ u5{ / ug'{ kb{5 . jfb / ;fd|fHojfb;Dd hf]l8Psf]
cf7hgf hg]n { x?sf] Dofb gylkPkl5 x] s f 5g\ , /fhfjfbLx? / ljb] z L t/, oxfF t hg]{nx?sf] Dofb gylkPsf] 5 .b] z df c9fO ;o jif{ k' / fgf]
pTkGg ljjfbn] clxn] ;a}lt/ lgs} bnfnx?;F u ldn] / k| h ftflGqs /fHosf] k|zf;lgs ;jfnnfO{ /fhgLlts ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo /
rrf{ / ax;sf] ?kdf 7fpF lnPsf] df]rf{sf] 8+sf lkl6/x]sf 5g\ . pgs} /ª lbP/ ;/sf/ lu/fpg] / g]kfnnfO{ u0ftGqsf] 3f] i f0ff;F u } ag] s f]
5 . ;Qf?9 tyf k|ltkIfL bnx? …s] kl5 nfu]/ Pdfn]sf clwsf+z g]tfx? c;kmn /fi6« agfpg] if8\oGqsf] u0ftflGqs ;/sf/n] /fHosf x/]s
lgx'F kfpF, slgsf a'sfpmFÚ eg]em} s'gfsfKrfaf6 s/fpF5g\, ;]gf;lxtsf] tfgfafgf a'lgb}5 .;}lgs P]gd} :ki6 lgsfodf k'g{;+/rgfsf] ax; cufl8
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/n] ;]gfsf] dgf]an dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/sf] rfjL lbP/ atfOPsf] 5 ls hg]{nx?sf] z'?df rf/ ;f/]sf] 5 . gofF g]kfndf k'/fg} P]g,
lu/fpg, ;}Go ;+u7g g} c:tJo:t uNtL ul/of], ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgd} jif]{ kbfjlw /x]sf] x'G5, pQm cjlw sfg' g , k' / fg} z} n L / ;+ / rgfn]
/ etfe'Ë kfg{ nfUof] eGb} cf/f]k ;xefuL u/]/ dxfen eof] o:t}–o:t} . kf/ ul/;s]kl5 pgLx?sf] ;}Go ;+u7gdf slxn];Dd zf;g ul//xg] < hgtfn]
nufO/x]sf 5g\ . dfgf}+, ;/sf/n] h;n] nf]stGq / k|hftGqsf ukm h?/L cfjZostf / dxTjsf lx;fan] slxn] gofFsf] cg'e'lt ug]{ o:tf
o:tf] lg0f{o u¥of] ls h'g lg0f{o u/] / slxNo} yfSb} g g\ , ax' b nLo z'?df $ jif{ / bf];|f]k6s # jif{ kbfjlw ofjt ;jfnx? plAh/x]sf] a]nf /
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k|ltkIfL sfFu|];nufot ;/sf/ hjfgx?, tNnf] :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lg0f{ o df e/ k5{ . clxn] kbfjlw ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
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ul//x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/n] lrRofpg], slxn] /fi6«kltsxfF, slxn] dGqfnodf l;kmfl/; u/] . pQm l;kmfl/ /fHo;Qfsf kx/]bf/x? ;Fu} c6fPsf
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ljjfbdf tflg/x]sf 5g\ . lg/Gt/ clkm;/ tyf hjfgx?n] :t/ j[l4;Fu} cfjZostfsf] ljifodf 5nkmn / yk 5, hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;jfn /
?kdf rNg] k| z f;lgs sfo{ n fO{ gofF cj;/ kfpFb}5g\ / g]t[Tj txdf cg' / f] w ug' { s f] ;f6f] k| w fgdGqL / ;du|df g]kfndf bL3{sflng ?kd}
/fhg} l ts /Ë lbP/ ;/sf/ / hf]lznf o'jfx?sf] hdft cfpFb}5 /fi6«klt t k/} hfcf];\ k|ltkIfL bnsf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ r'gf}lt xfd|f;fd'
;]gfaLrsf] b'/LnfO{ a9fO{ pgLx? eGg]df lsg pbfl;g 5g\ < g]tfx?n] g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsxfF ;d]t 5 . of] ;+qmd0fsflng, hl6n / gofF
b]zdf cl:y/tf / czflGt dRrfpg of] g;f]r'g\ ls ;}Go ;+u7g eg]sf] lalGt la;fpg k'u] . o;n] s] :ki6 lgdf{0fsf] lkl/o8df ;+odtf, w}o{tf
rfxG5g\ . ljz]if u/L sfFu|]; h;/L klg pgLx?sf] kf6L{h:t} xf], hxfF g]tT[ j ub{ 5 eg] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ o n] / ;dembf/Ltfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\gs ' f]
x'G5 ;]gf, k'ln;, c8\8f cbfnt, txdf k'u]sf] dfG5] Tof] c;L gf3]/ k|wfg;]gfklt cflQb} lul/hf;Dd k'Ug'sf] ljsNk 5}g . t/, o:tf] hl6n df]8df
;+3;+:yfx? / b]zLljb]zL zlQms]Gb|x? clS;hg lng'kg]{ lsg gxf];\ t/ g]tT[ j k5fl8 lgZro klg /fhg}lts :jfy{ pleP/ Pp6f ;fgf] ljifodf ljjfb
;a}nfO{ dfcf]jfbL / p;sf] g]t[Tjsf] p;s} xftdf x'g'k5{ . n's]sf] 5 . s6'jfn k|wfg;]gfkltsf] p7fP/ zflGtk| l qmofsf] hxfh}
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rfxG5 . cu|udg / kl/jt{gsf] b]vfpFb} clxn] Pp6f ts{ k]z ul/Psf] nfdf] ;do;Dd ;}Go kmd]{zgdf cfk\mgf] c? s]xL x'g ;Qm}g . ;/sf/sf]
af6f]df cl3 a9]sf] g]kfnnfO{ x/t/ 5 ls cjsfzk| f Kt hg] { n x?h:t} /fhgLlt arfO/fVg rfxG5g\ . To;sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;xif{ :jLsfb}{ cjsfz
xaf6 oyfl:yltd} /fv]/ cfk\mgf] Ifdtfjfg\ JolQm ljsf; ug{sf nflu nflu clxn]sf cf7 hg]{nx? pgsf k|fKt hg]{nx?sf] ljbfO{ ug'{ / bnx?
/hfO{ ug{ rfxG5 . sfFu|];sf] oxL km]l/ s/f}8f}+ vlr{g'k5{, rf/ kfFr jif{ …;'k/ kfj/Úx? x'g\, h;sf] cefjdf ;+od ag]/ /fli6«o Ph]08fx?df Ps
leqL lgotn] clxn] sfd ul//x]sf] nfU5, To;}n] /fHon] pgLx?sf] ;Lk, pgsf] /fhgLlt 8fdf8f]n x'g] lglZrt dt x'g' g} ;a}sf nflu lxt x'g]5 .
5 . ;} G o egf{ ljjfbb] l v lnP/ Ifdtf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{df Dofb gyKg' 5 . csf]{lt/ s6'jfn hg;]gf / g]kfnL of] jf Tof] ?kdf cu| u dg /
ljutb]lv g} s]xL lr;f] ;DaGw ag]sf] 7"nf] ck/fw xf] . oxfFg]/ :ki6 s] xf] ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg / /fli6«o ;]gfsf] zflGtk| l qmofsf lj?4df pleP/
;/sf/–g] k fnL ;] g faLrsf] eg] cjsfz eg]sf] lgjf{;g t kSs} lgdf{0fsf ljkIfdf 5g\ . To;sf] ;Lwf lj/f]wsf :j/x? p/fNg'sf] s'g} t's
;DaGwnfO{ emg} wldNofP/ wldnf] xf] O g\ ;fF r f] cy{ d f 5fltleq} b ] l v ;DaGw sfFu|];, lxhf]sf] b/af/, lj:tf/ 5}g . * dillimalla@gmail.com
kfgLdf df5f dfg]{ bfpmdf sfFu|]; /fi6«k]|d eSsflgP/ cfpF5 eg] Tof] ;d;fdoLs hfgsf/L M P]ltxf;Ls uf]/vf h]n a|s
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g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df / ;DejtM ljZjs} Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s dlxnf /fhaGbLx?n] la ;+ @)%& r}q
nflu/x]sf] 5 . o;s} kl/0ffd clxn] hg]{n xf];\ of ;fwf/0f ls;fg g},
!& ut] /ftL uf]/vf lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ca:yLt h]n a|]s u/]/ ;s'zn ;a} ;b:ox? kf6L{
lul/hfk|;fb ;a}eGbf pQ]lht eP/ p;n] /fi6«sf vflt/ cfk\mgf] ;Lk,
;Dks{df cfpg ;kmn x'g' eof] . o; P]ltxf;Ls 36gfsf of]4fx? s=pdf e'h]n, s=sdnf gxsL{,
Dofb ;lsPsf hg]{nx?nfO{ tLg jif{ Ifdtf / sf}zntf k|of]u ug{ kfpF5,
s=ldgf d/x7\7f, s=PlGhnf la=s=, s=;~h' cof{n / s= l/tf la=s= x'g' x'GYof] .
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kmf]gM±(&$–^^%)!$$ , ±(&$–%@**%!$ k†mofS; (&$–$^)&&*) kf]i6 aS; g+=– $)&#$ Od]n M py.nppfqatar@gmail.com, nppfqatar@gmail.com