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qmflGtsf/L g]tf tyf !) jif{sf] ;dlk{t ug]{ b[9 k|ltj4tf ;d]t JoQm zf;sLo 9fFrfnfO{ x]bf{ To;nfO{ k| f/Dedf k|f s[lts k| lts[ntf;+u /fhf lj/]Gb|, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf jf:tljs cj:yf / qmflGtsf/L
dxfg\\ g]kfnL hgo'4f/f pTkflbt ub{5'. s0ff{ n Lsf hgtfsf] k/Dk/fut ;+3if{ / bf; o'uaf6 cfpFbf ;dfh / dgdf]g clwsf/Lsf] /fhtGqfTds zlQmsf] b] z tyf hgtfk| l tsf]
pbLoodfg hg;lxTosf/ s= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxfsf] PsLs[t tyf u0ftGqfTds /fHo eGg ;lsG5. of] ju{df ljeflht ePkl5 ;dfhsf] tyf ;+;bLo k|lts[ofjfbL lyof]{:. pQ/bfloTjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfnL
/fhs'df/ -/fhaxfb'/ s'jF /_ n] g]kfn s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf lgdf{0fsf] /fHosf] zf;g Joj:yf klg sAhf rfns zlQm eLif0f ju{;+3if{af6 clxn] k|r08 afa'/fd / ;+;bjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf lgwf{ /0f ug'{
/fi6 / g]kfnL hgtfsf] dxfg\ zlxb /fhg} lts /0fgLltf/f ;+ rflnt ul/of]. s0ff{nLsf hgtf /fhg}lts cflh{t 1fg, >dhLlj ju{;+ usf] bnsf d' V o g] t fnufotsf kb{ 5 . h' g sfo{ lbzf g] k fnsf
xl/axfb' / s' F j /sf] :d[ l tu| G y axfb'/ zfxsf] kmf}hL xdnfdf k/L clwsf/af6 j+lrt eP. ctoj ;+3if{sf] hf]lvdL / zf]ifs ju{sf cGo zf;sxsf] rl/q bnfn k'FhLjfbL >dhLlj hgtfsf] /fHo;Qf lgdf{0f
k|sfzgfy{ cys ldx]gtfsf ;fy s0ff{ n L ljlht eP kl5 s0ff{nL /fi6sf] cfGtl/s /fli6o k|ltlglwxsf] zf;sLo rfxgf Pj+ 5. zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLklt ug]{ / bnfn k'FhLkltju{sf] jt{dfg
tof/L ul//xg' ePsf] /x]5. c;f/ P]ltxfl;ssfnb]lv g} s0ff{nL If]q / :jflwgtf / /fHo ;+ rfng ug] { dxTjfsf+Iffsf] kl/0ffd of] ju{n] zf;g lx:;fsf] /fHo;QfnfO{ ;+ 3 Lo /fHo;Qfsf] lrxfg vGg] xf];\. b]zsf]
klxnf] xKtf dnfO{ e]6]/ pxfFn] of] oxfFsf hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ s]Gb|Lt /fhg}lts clwsf/ vf]l;of]. Tof] ;+ rfngsf] 9fFrf / zf;sxdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] emf]nf rf]k/] d' lQm, g] kfnL qmflGt / /fli6 o
;'vb ;Gb]z ;'gfpg' eof]. clg dnfO{ u/]/ jx;, 5nkmn / ;dfwfgsf] a]nfb]lv s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k/flwgtf km]/jbn ub}{ cfkm\gf] /fHo;Qfsf] zf;s alg/fv]sf 5g\. jf:tjdf /fhgLltsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/nlIft
dGtJo n]Vg klg eGg' eof]. efj'stf kxn x'bF } cfPsf] 5. o;sf] b[li6sf]0f, / hgtfsf] /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf] cGToli6nfO{ /f] S g] b' : ;fxf; zf]ifs ju{sf] /fHo;Qf Wj+; eP/ u/L g]kfnL >dhLlj hgtfsf] kf6L{
hGdsfnb]lv ub}{ cfPsf] 5. g]kfndf g]kfnL >dhLlj hgtfsf] /fHo;Qf g]kfn sDolg:6 kf6L{ n ] cfkm\ gf]
k| s f08 k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxfsf] zf;g, /f0ff :yflkt e};s]sf] 5}g. g]kfnL hgtfn] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
zf;g, /f0ff /fhf / sfFu|]; zf;g, clgjfo{ kdf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ g]kfnL j}1flgs sfo{lbzfsf] kdf PsLs[t
hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf k|r08 k+ rfotL zf;g / /fhtGqfTds qmflGtsf] uxg sfo{ef/ afFsL g} 5. hgqmflGt -Unified Peoples
;+ ;bLo Joj:yf o;}sf] pkh / o; ljifodf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ slt Revolution_ cufl8 ;f/]/ k|of]u
afa'/fdx lj=;+=)^# ;fn kl5 lg/Gt/tf dfq x' g . zf;s / klg e|d x'g'x'Fb}g / e|d /xg klg ul//fv]sf] 5. PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
zf;sLo :jkdf km]/jbnsf] gf}6+sL lbg' x'Fb}g. sfo{lbzfsf] /fhg}lts nIf zf]ifs
zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL /fHo ;Qf / u/]/ >dhLlj hgtfnfO{ d'v{ agfO{ s0ff{nLsf] If]qLo pTkLl8gsf] k|Zg ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL /fHo;Qf,
To;sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf lg0ff{os cfkm\ g f] /fHo;Qf arfO/fVg] cfkm\gf] ;f/tTjdf zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf / bnfn
b':k|of;x zf]ifs ju{n] lg/Gt/ ub}{ /fHo;Qfsf] s] G b| L o k| Z g xf] . zf;sxsf] cGTo ug'{ xf]. PsLs[t
qmflGtug'{kg]{b]z/g]kfnLef]sf cfPsf] 5. o;}nfO{ lj;f}+ ztfAbLsf] s0ff{nLsf ;d:ofsf] ;fdfwfg s0ff{nL hgqmflGtsf] k"0f{tfn] :yfkgf ug{]
k"jf{4d} ljZj >dhLlj ju{sf ljrf/s :t/df dfq vf]h]/ k"0f{ / ;+ej b'j} /fHo;Qf zf]lift ju{sf] /fHo;Qf xf].
gff hgtfsf] bfloTjaf6 efu]/ Pj+ dxfg\ g]tf n]lggn] ;+;bLo x'Fb}g. of] t 6fpsf]sf] lj/fdLnfO{ zf]lift ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf] ;dfh
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ v;Lsf] 6fpsf] /fv]/ v'fdf pkrf/ ug]{ 8S6/sf] h:tf] Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb xf].
s's'/sf] df;' a]Rg] ynf] xf] eGg' x'G5. P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL tYo of] ;dfh Joj:yfsf ;+rfns jf
zf]ifs ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf jt{dfg zf;s aGg k'u]. eof]. o;y{ g]kfndf lj=;+= !*@% klg s] xf] eg] ;fdGtL s]Gb|Ls[t dflns g]kfnL >dhLlj ju{ x'G5g\.
df :yfkgf u/]sf] PsfTds tyf /fHo;Qfsf ;+ r fnsxn] g} h;df pTkLl8t ju{ hftL, If]q,
k|r08 afa'/fdx ;fdGtL PsfTds /fHo;Qfsf s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL ;Qfsf zf;s / s0ff{nLsf] :jflwgtf / hgtfsf] n}ls, blnt ;d' bfo, /fi6j fbL
zf;sLo 9fFrfdf gofF gofF sndL /fhg}lts nufot ;du| clwsf/nfO{ tKsfnufot cfdpTkLl8t hgtfx
Tof] a]nfsf zf;s k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / axfb'/ zfx nufP/ zf] i fs ju{ n ] pTkLl8t vf];]sf x'g. To;kl5 s0ff{nLnfO{ kb{ 5 g\ . g] k fnL >dhLljju{ s f]
ag]/ uPgg\, logLx /f0ffxsf] hxflgofF zf;s hgtfdfly lg/Gt/ zf;g ub} { zf;sxn] kfO{nfkfO{nf ub}{ clxn]sf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf cfdg]kfnL
cfO{/x]sf] 5. :d/0f xf]; lj=;+= gfh's cj:yfdf k'ofP. >dhLlj ju{sf] zf;gnfO{ ;'lglZrt
h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff ag]/ klg zf;g ug{ uPgg\, g !*@%b]lvsf] zf;s zf]ifs ju{, juL{o s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf / zf;s ju{sf] ul/g] Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
rl/q / ju{ :jfy{df cfhsf ldlt;Dd cg'xf/nfO{ hLjGt lrq0f ug]{ s0ff{nL Joj:yf xf]. b]zsf] d'lQm, g]kfnL
lg/+s'z k+rfotL zf;s /fhf dx]Gb| ag]/ zf;g ug{ lslGrtkl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g. jt{dfg k|bz ] Pj+ s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf] jt{dfg >dhLlj hgtfsf] zf;g / b]zsf]
uP, g t /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf /fhf g]kfnL ;dfhsf juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, bb{gfs cj:yfsf] ;w}sf] lglDt cGTo ljsf; Pj+ ;d[l4sf] nflu j}1flgs
n}ls, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;fF:s[lts, ug{ zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf clgjfo{ dfq
lj/]Gb|, lul/hk|;fb sf]O/fnf, dgdf]xg clwsf/L cfly{s nufotsf ofjt ;d:ofx s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf, To;sf zf;sx xf]Og l9nf] e};s]sf] 5.
oxL zf]ifs ju{ / o;sf] /fHo;Qfsf / bnfn ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfsf] clxn] klg s0ff{nL bnfn k'h F Lklt
ag]/ zf;g ug{ uP. logLx t zf]ifs ju{sf] pkh x'g. bfx;+:sf/ klxnf] zt{ xf]. cfkm\gf] ju{sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf] pklgj]z
jt{dfg g]kfnL /fHo;QfnfO{ !) jif{sf] dxfg\ g]kfnL /fhg}lts /+ud+rdf Pp6f /fi6 s f] :jflwgtf / /fhg} l ts g} 5. of] k[ YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf]
j8f] dhfs s] eof] eg] Tof] a]nfsf] clwsf/ k| f lKtsf] lglDt g] kfnL /fHo;Qfsf] lg/Gt/tf xf]. bnfn
hgo'4 / !( lbgsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf / hgtfn] P] ltxfl;ssfnb] lv ub} { k'FhLklt ju{sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf]
To;sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf cfd'n cfPsf] cgj/t ;+3if{sf] pRr Pj+ pklgj]zjf6 s0ff{nLnfO{ d'Qm u/L
pknlAwxn] //f]ug ug{ d'vtf{ ul/Psf] bnfn kl/jt{ g ug{ s f] lglDt g] k fnL s]Gb|Ls[t kdf cleJoQm g]kfn cfGtl/s /fli6otfsf] b[li6n] :jflwg
:jfledfgL Pj+ >dhLlj hgtfn] sDo' lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf] j fbL_ sf] jgfpg' s0ff{nLsf qmflGtsf/L g]tf
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] slyt ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g] t[ Tjdf g]kfnL hgtfn] cufl8 sfo{ s tf{ , /fi6 j fbLx, pBdL,
u0ftGqsf] zf;s aGg uP. g]t[Tjdf !) jif{ ;z:q hgo'4 n8]. a9fPsf] !) jif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 Joj;foL, o'jfo'jtLx, j'l4hLljx,
To;sf] cf8df !( lbgsf] P]ltxfl;s xf]. !( lbgsf] cfGbf]ng hgo'4sf] dlxnf / blntx, lzIfs
cfGbf]ng klg eof]. hgo'4sf] g]tT[ j w/ftndf ePsf] lyof] . hgo' 4 sd{rf/Lxnufot cfd>dhLlj
/ ;xif{tfsf] of]udf d}n] n]V5' eg]F. k|j[lQ, gLlt / z}nLdf eg] ljljwtf d'2f k|d'v aGg uof]. u/]sf k|r08 afa'/fdx lj=;+=)^# g] kfndf ljBdfg zf] ifs ju{s f] s0ff{nLjf;Lsf] klxnf] sfo{ef/ x'g
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] b]zsf] d'lQm / /xFb} cfPsf 5g\. clxn] klg of] lj=;+= !*$^ df axfb'/ zfxsf] ;fn kl5 zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL /fHo /fHo; Qf, zf;g J oj:yf / cfPsf] 5.
hgtfsf] cfhfbLsf] lglDt u/]sf] Tofu cj:yf Go"g kdf ljBdfg g} 5. ;]gfn] ;fdfGo o'4sf] lgod ljkl/t ;Qf / To;sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf zf;sxnfO{ lgd"{n kfg]{ /fhg}lts s0ff{ n Lsf hgtfsf] zf;g
/ alnbfgLnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg / s0ff{nL k|b]z / oxfFsf hgtfsf] bz}sf] gjdLsf] /ftL if8\oGqsf/L, lg0ff{os qmflGt ug'{ kg]{ b]z / g]kfnL p2] Zof/f ;+ rflnt o' 4 lyof] . ;+rfngsf] clwsf/sf b[li6n] bnfn
k|fyldstfsf ;fy P]ltxfl;s tyf d' lQmsf lxdfotL hf] ; 's } n ] klg cg}lts / cdfgjLo 9+un] s0ff{nLjf;L ef]sf gff hgtfsf] bfloTjaf6 efu]/ zf]lift jif{sf] /fHo;Qf :yfkgfsf] ;+;bLo zf;g Joj:yfsf] lgd"n { u/L
hg ;flxlTos b[li6sf]0faf6 k'h F Ls[lt ;d:ofsf] j:t' l gi7 klxrfg, hgtfsf] l;Fhf /fHo sAhfdf lnPkl5 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] dxfg\ cleef/ af] s ] s f] hgo' 4 j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbL zf;g
ug{ ;dlk{ t s= /fhs' d f/nfO{ ;dfwfg;DaGwL j}1flgs ljrf/ / lj+=;= !()# ;Dd %* jif{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zf]ifs ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf jt{dfg cfkm\g f] !) jif{s} ;dofjlwdf Joj:yfcGtu{ t cfTdlg0f{ o sf]
;j{k|yd ;uf}/j ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg abNgsf] lglDt cbDo ;fxf;sf ;fy zfxsf ;Gtfgn], lj=;+= !()# b]lv zf;s aGg k'u]. k|r08 afa'/fdx ljhosf] ;lGgs6 ha k'Uof], ta clwsf/sf] :jLs[lt ;lxt s0ff{nLsf
ub{ 5 ' lsgls hgtfsf] d' lQm / qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s Pj+ lg0ff{os @))& ;Dd !)$ jif{ h+uaxfb'/ ;fdGtL PsfTds /fHo;Qfsf Tof] Tof] a]nfsf] ;fd|fHojfb, ef/tLo hgtfsf] :jzf;gsf] clwsf/
:jtGqtfsf] lglDt hgtfn] cfz', kxnsbdL lng h?/L 5. o;sf /f0ffn] ;+rfng u/]sf] hxflgofF /f0ff a]nfsf zf;s k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / lj:tf/jfb / of] b] zsf ;+;bLo :yflkt ug'{ k5{. cfGtl/s /fli6o
/ut / kl;gfaf6 /rgf u/] s f] lglDt s0ff{nLsf /fhg}lts g]t[Tj Pj+ zf;sn], @))& ;fnb]lv @)!& axfb'/ zfx ag]/ uPgg\, logLx k|lts[ofjfbLx hgo'4nfO{ lg:t]h :jflwgtf / zf;g Joj:yfdf
Oltxf; Pj+ ;flxTosf] GfTds sfo{stf{, k|fl1s ju{, o'jfo'jtLx, ;fn;Dd !! jif{ /f0ff, /fhf / g]kfnL /f0ffxsf] hxflgofF zf;s h+uaxfb'/ kfg]{ if8\oGqdf nfu]. ljhof]Gd'v :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug'{n]
ef}ltsjfbL n]vg b]z / hgtfsf] Jofkf/L Joj;foLx, lzIfs sfFu|; ] n], lj+=;+= @)!& ;fnb]lv )$^ /f0ff ag]/ klg zf;g ug{ uPgg\, g hgo'4n] k}bf u/]sf] vt/fsf] ;fdgf s0ff{nL k|b]z / s0ff{nLjf;L hgtfsf]
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt dxTjk"0f{ sd{ r f/Lx, ;fdflhs ;fn;Dd #) jif{ /fhf dx]Gb|n] :yfkgf lg/+s'z k+rfotL zf;s /fhf dx]Gb| ug]{ lxDdt gu/]/ k|r08 afa'/fdsf] Ifltk" lt{ ; lxt jf:tjd} d' lQm /
cfwf/ x'G5. t;y{ of] ;fdfGo sfo{ JolQmTjxnufot cfds0ff{nLjf;L u/L ;+rfng u/]sf] k+rfot :jksf] ag] / zf;g ug{ uP, g t cfTd;'/Iffjfbn] zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn :jtGqtf :yflkt x'G5. o;sf lglDt
geP/ ljlzi6 dxTjsf] sfo{ xf]. hg;d'bfox tof/ x'g} k5{. ;fdGtL /fhtGqn], lj=;+= @)$^ /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf /fhf ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf cufl8 cfTd;dk{0f s0ff{nL k|bz ] / s0ff{nLjf;Lx g]kfnL
s] G b| L o /fHo;Qfsf] juL{ o s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k|d'v ;d:of ;fnb]lv )^# ;fn;Dd !* jif{ /fhf lj/] G b| , lul/hk| ; fb sf] O /fnf, uof]. logLxn] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ hgtfsf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL zf;g
pTkL8gsf] pkh s0ff{ n L k| b] z PsLs0fsf] gfddf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] Pj+ ;+;b\jfbL bnxn] rnfPsf] dgdf]xg clwsf/L ag]/ zf;g ug{ -dfcf]jfbL_, g]kfnL qmflGt, b]z / Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{ PsLs[ t
dflysf] If]qLo pTkL8gsf lj?4 yfngL u/L axfb'/ zfxfn] k"0f{tf /fHo;Qf / zf;g Joj:yf zf]ifs uP. logLx t zf] ifs ju{ s f] g]kfnL hgtfsf] lglDt wf]sf / u2f/L hgqmflGtsf] lbzfdf b[9tfsf ;fy
hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L ;+ 3 if{ s f] k|bfg u/]sf] zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL ju{s} xf]. To;sf] ju{, rl/q / :jf:y{ jt{dfg g]kfnL /fHo;QfnfO{ !) u/]/ qmflGtdf cIfDo ck/fw u/]. cufl8 a9\g' k5{.
Oltxf;df )^# ;fnotfsf] zflGt PsfTds Pj+ s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo;Qf xf]. Pp6} 5. lj=;+= !*$^ b]lv @)^# jif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 / !( lbgsf] g]kfnL qmflGtn] eofgs Iflt j]xf]of], cGtdf dxfg\ ;lxb xl/axfb'/
k|s[ofsf] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cfkm\gf] h;n] s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf] cfkm\g} /fHo ;fn;Dd @!& jif{ s0ff{nL / ToxfFsf P] l txfl;s hgcfGbf] n gsf qmflGt cw'/} /Xof] / 5. s' F j /k| l tsf] ;Rrf >4f~hnL,
cd"No hLjg s0ff{nL / s0ff{nLjf;L l;FhfnfO{ cltqmd0f u/L s]Gb|Ls[t hgtf dfly zf;g ug]{ ju{ Pp6} pknlAwxn] //f]ug ug{ d'vtf{ g]kfnL >dhLljju{sf] qmflGtsf] ;lxbkysf] ofqf / ;kgfsf] ;fsf/
hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt ck{0f ug]{ /fHodf ljlng u/fof]. Tof] a]nfb]lv dfq zf]ifs ju{ xf]. ljZj dfgj ul/Psf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] k"0f{tf, b]zsf] cl:tTj Pj+ :jflwgtfsf] tj dfq x' g ] 5 ha PsLs[ t
s0ff{nLsf] dxfg\ ;k't jL/ zlxb s0ff{nL cfGtl/s /fHoljxLg e} o;sf] ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf; k|s[ofdf slyt ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /Iff, g]kfnL zf]lift ju{sf] /fHo;Qf hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzff/f b]zdf
xl/axfb'/ s'jF / xf]. ;j{ky| d pxfFnfO{ :jflwgtfsf] d'2f k|d'v aGg k'Uof]. cflbd ;fDojfbL ;dfhdf gsf/fTds zf;s aGg uP. lgdf{0f, zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf, b]zsf] ljBdfg zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL
;;Ddfg efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f cfkm\gf] l;Fhf /fHodf s0ff{n Lsf lrGtg, k|jl[ Q, :jfy{, ;f]r / ;+:sf/sf] g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;df ljsf; / g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;d[l4sf] /fHo;Qfsf] cGt / g]kfnsf >dhLlj
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