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ECE Anser For Very Important

A graded-index fiber has a refractive index that decreases from the center of the core outwards, allowing light rays to follow sinusoidal paths down the fiber with continual refocusing and minimized modal dispersion. A step-index fiber has a uniform refractive index in the core and a sharp decrease at the core-cladding interface, used in most single-mode fibers and some multimode fibers. Examples of standard core and cladding diameters are provided. Step-index fiber is made by doping fused silica glass with materials like titanium, germanium, or boron to achieve different refractive indices in the core and cladding.

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35 views2 pages

ECE Anser For Very Important

A graded-index fiber has a refractive index that decreases from the center of the core outwards, allowing light rays to follow sinusoidal paths down the fiber with continual refocusing and minimized modal dispersion. A step-index fiber has a uniform refractive index in the core and a sharp decrease at the core-cladding interface, used in most single-mode fibers and some multimode fibers. Examples of standard core and cladding diameters are provided. Step-index fiber is made by doping fused silica glass with materials like titanium, germanium, or boron to achieve different refractive indices in the core and cladding.

Uploaded by

Dimple Pawan Saini
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Q1. What is Graded Index and Step index fiber Explain?

In fiber optics, a graded-index or gradient-index fiber is an optical fiber whose


core has a refractive index that decreases with increasing radial distance
from the optical axis of the fiber.
Because parts of the core closer to the fiber axis have a higher refractive
index than the parts near the cladding, light rays follow sinusoidal paths
down the fiber. The most common refractive index profile for a graded-index
fiber is very nearly parabolic. The parabolic profile results in continual
refocusing of the rays in the core, and minimizes modal dispersion.
Multi-mode optical fiber can be built with either graded index or step index.
The advantage of the multi-mode graded index compared to the multi-mode
step index is the considerable decrease in modal dispersion. Modal dispersion
can be further decreased by selecting a smaller core size (less than 5-10m)
and forming a single mode step index fiber.[1]
This type of fiber is normalized by the International Telecommunications
Union ITU-T at recommendation G.651.1.

For an optical fiber, a step-index profile is a refractive index profile


characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp
decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface so that the
cladding is of a lower refractive index. The step-index profile corresponds to a
power-law index profile with the profile parameter approaching infinity. The
step-index profile is used in most single-mode fibers[1] and some multimode
fibers.[2]

A step-index fiber is characterized by the core and cladding refractive indices


n1 and n2 and the core and cladding radii a and b. Examples of standard core
and cladding diameters 2a/2b are 8/125, 50/125, 62.5/125, 85/125, or
100/140 (units of m). The fractional refractive-index change
\triangle \, = \frac{n_1 - n_2}{n_1} \ll \ 1. The value of n1 is typically
between 1.44 and 1.46, and \triangle is typically between 0.001 and 0.02.

Step-index optical fiber is generally made by doping high-purity fused silica


glass (SiO2) with different concentrations of materials like titanium,
germanium, or boron.

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