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Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty For Engineering Technology Department of Industrial Engineering

This document describes an experiment conducted in the Manufacturing Materials and Processes Lab at Yarmouk University to test the hardness and hardenability of metallic samples using Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell hardness tests before and after heat treatment, with the goal of understanding how hardness measurement can determine a material's resistance to deformation and the effects of hardening. Equipment used included hardness testing devices and metallic samples, and procedures involved applying various tests before and after heating a sample to 800°C and quenching.

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Mohmmad P.Alshorman
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70 views7 pages

Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty For Engineering Technology Department of Industrial Engineering

This document describes an experiment conducted in the Manufacturing Materials and Processes Lab at Yarmouk University to test the hardness and hardenability of metallic samples using Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell hardness tests before and after heat treatment, with the goal of understanding how hardness measurement can determine a material's resistance to deformation and the effects of hardening. Equipment used included hardness testing devices and metallic samples, and procedures involved applying various tests before and after heating a sample to 800°C and quenching.

Uploaded by

Mohmmad P.Alshorman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yarmouk University

Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology

Department of Industrial Engineering

First semester 2017 2018

Manufacturing Materials and Processes Lab. IE 367

Experiment Title Material Hardness and Hardenability

Experiment Date
30/10
Submission date
21/11
Student Names
Waseem Yousef Hashem Alharahshah
Student ID
2013986086
Introduction :

Hardness and hardenability are two different concepts with the


only similarity being the word HARD , however we often need to
measure hardness to determine hardenability, but there are other
methods as well.

Hardness in metal is measured by pressing an indentor ( a small


spehere or pointed object under a precise load and indicating the
depth of the penetration so the hardness is a measure of the
metals ability to resist deformation by penetration.

The hardenability of a metal alloy is the depth up to which a


material is hardened after putting through a heat treatment
process. The unit of hardenability is the same as of length. It is an
indication of how deep into the material a certain hardness can be
achieved. It should not be confused with hardness , which is a
measure of a sample's resistance to indentation or scratching.
It is an important property for welding , since it is inversely
proportional to weldability , that is, the ease of welding a material.

Some of the scales used for indentation hardness in engineering -


Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop - can be compared using
practical conversion tables for a particular material.
Purpose :

1) To understand the importance of hardness test in


engineering.

2) To learn how to use (Rockwell , brrinell and vicker hardness)


tester.

3) To understand the different hardening mechanisms in


different material systems and effect on hardness values.

4) To understand the significance of Engineering Standards.

And To help the students to become more familiar withall aspects


of materials hardness, including; what is hardness, hardness
measurement methods, common concepts of hardness, and
hardness vs. hardenability.

Equipment and materials :

1. Hardness testing device(s)

2. Metallic Samples to be tested

Procedures :

1) Apply the brinell test on the sample by two tester

- First tester shows the result (hardness) direct without any


calculations
- But secound tester gives the diameter of indentation (d)
And the values of load and diameter of indenter are given

2) Place the sample in the furnace at 800 c

3) In the secound tester the Procedures to determine (d) is the


same Procedures that follow in the microscope experiment in
metrology lap . there are acamera and lens where the
camera shows the result directly but the lenses needs some
maneual steps to obtain the result .

4) Apply the vicker test :

- The same procedures of the brinell test but in this step


The shape of indenter is rhombus , so we need two
diameters to calculat the hardness .

5) Apply the rockwell test :

- The same procedures but the values of hardness seen


dirctly on device .

6) Remove the sample from the furnace and cool it with water
from one side

Results :

Brinell test (1) F=60kgf


D=1/16 in
H=321
Brinell test (2) F=187.5kgf
D=2.5 mm
T = 15 sec
Zoom in of lenses = 2.5x
(d)= 1.056
Vicker test F=50 kgf
Angle = 136 (+-) 15 min
T=15 sec
Zoom in of lenses = 5x
(d1)=9.605
(d2)=9.551

Rockwell test (ARC) F= by tester


Angle = 120(+-) 15min
H=84

F
BHN

2

D D D 2 D i2
Where
BHN = the Brinell hardness number
F = the imposed load in kg
D = the diameter of the spherical indenter in mm
Di = diameter of the resulting indenter impression in mm

At Brinell test (2) ;

BHN = 204.24

F
HV = 1.854( 2 )
D
Where
HV = The Vickers number
F = the applied load in kilograms - force
D 2 = the area of the indentation measured in square millimetres

At vicker test :

HV = 1.010
- The values of hardness from cold side to hot side of sample
Gradually

413
375
339
327

Depending on the applied forces, measurement of hardness can


be classified intomacro-, micro- or nano- scale hardness
measurement. Macro-hardness testing method investigates the
mechanical property data for the bulk material from a small
sample.
It is also used for the quality control of surface treatments
processes. However, the macro-indentation depth is important
when concerned with coatings and surface properties of
importance to friction and wear processes.
Vickers or Knoop hardness that determined by forcing a tip into
the surface of a sample material under 15 to 1000 gf load is
Microhardness hardness test. The indentations are measured with
a microscope Nano-hardness tests measure hardness based on a
very small indentation, on the order of 1 nano-Newton, where a
precise hardness measurement are obtained with special purpose
tools and equipment.

Conclusion

From the experiment, The hardness testing is to measure of


hardness of materials resistance to localized plastic deformation.
This experiment also experienced students to be able to perform
the hardness using two type of machine with specific of hardness
testing. The result from the experiment is analyzed and the error
and the cause of different readings in hardness measurement was
discussed in discussion.
Referances:

- Lab Manual

- Discussions by eng rasha

- Text book of production

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