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Gas Laws

Boyle's law states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure. The mathematical relationship is PV=k, where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. Some examples show how to use this relationship to calculate gas volumes at different pressures. Common pressure conversions include 1 torr = 1 mmHg and 1 atm = 760 torr.

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Janelyn Garin
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97 views4 pages

Gas Laws

Boyle's law states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure. The mathematical relationship is PV=k, where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. Some examples show how to use this relationship to calculate gas volumes at different pressures. Common pressure conversions include 1 torr = 1 mmHg and 1 atm = 760 torr.

Uploaded by

Janelyn Garin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAS LAWS

BOYLE’S LAW
Robert Boyle studied the compressibility of gases in 1660. In his experiments he observed
"At a fixed temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
exerted by the gas."
The mathematical form of Boyle's Law is:
PV = k or in any case it can be represented by this formula : P1V1 = P2V2

This means that the pressure-volume product will always be the same value if the
temperature and amount remain constant. This relationship was what Boyle discovered.

CONVERSIONS

1 torr= 1mmHg 1 torr= 0.133 kPa

1 atm= 760 torrs

Ex.

Example #1: 2.00 L of a gas is at 740.0 mmHg pressure. What is its volume at standard
pressure?

Solution:

a) Use this equation: b) Insert values:

P1V1 = P2V2 (740.0 mmHg) (2.00 L) = (760.0 mmHg) (x)

c) Multiply the left side and divide (by 760.0 mmHg) to solve for x.

x = 1.95 L (to three significant figures)


Task 1. Find the meaning of the following term:

a) Pressure c) Temperature

b) Volume d) Mole

Task 2. Solve the problem below using the Boyle’s Law.

1. A sample of propane gas (C3H8) has a volume of 225 ml at a pressure of 0.85

atm. Assuming that there are no changes in temperature, what is the volume of

this gas at each of the following pressures?

a. 1.50 atm

b. 800 torr
Task. Answers the problem below.

1. To make an air horn, 1.50 L of air at 101 kPa are compressed into

a can with a volume of 0.462 L. Assuming a constant

temperature, what is the pressure on the compressed air?

2. A science class puts a balloon containing 1.25 L of air at 101 mm

Hg into a bell jar. Using an air pump, the class removes some of

the air in the jar, causing the balloon to expand to a volume of

2.25 L. Assuming a constant temperature, what is the new

pressure inside the jar?


3. A small balloon is inflated with helium at 80 atm to a volume of

2.12 L. According to the balloon’s manufacturer, if the balloon is

stretched to a volume of 4.25 L, the balloon will pop. If the

balloon were released, at what pressure would the balloon pop?

Assume constant temperature throughout.

4. A balloon contains 7.2 L of He. The pressure is reduced to 2.00

atm and the balloon expands to occupy a volume of 25.1 L. What

was the initial pressure exerted on the balloon?


Percent Composition

% Composition from the Formula


 % mass = mass of element in 1 mole of compound molar mass of
compound.
 Then multiply by 100 to get %
Propane (C3H8) is one of the compounds obtained from petroleum.
Calculate the percent composition of propane.

Need to find mass of each element in 1 mole of the compound & mass
of the 1 mole of the compound
o Mass of C in one mole of C3H8= 36.033 g

o Mass of H in one mole of C3H8= 8.064 g

o Molar mass of C3H8= 44.097 g

o % of C = mass of Cx 100

o mass of propane

(36.033 g/44.097 g) x 100 = 81.713%

o % of H = mass of Hx 100

o mass of propane

(8.064 g/44.097 g) x 100 = 18.29 %

 Results should add up to approximately 100%.

 If not, you did something wrong!

Using % composition

 Can determine how much of a substance can be produced.

 For example, how many grams of hydrogen are contained in a 100

g sample of propane?

 How many grams of hydrogen are contained in a 39.0 g sample of

propane?

 How many grams are carbon?

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