BFC 32602 ~

Mechanical & Electrical System

Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION
(A) BUILDING FUNCTION
- Basic traditional functions:
• To shelter from rain
• To shelter from heavy/strong wind
• To shelter from snow
• To shelter from extreme sun radiation
• To shelter from other harsh conditions of
nature.

- Modern (Building with M&E Systems)

function:

M&E
To create better, more consistent, more productive
environments in which to work and to live.

Thus, require additional systems (i.e. M&E

systems) to achieve the desirable conditions.

SYSTEM
 e.g:
(B) THE IMPORTANCE OF i. Block-type Buildings without Windows
MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL (such as department stores)
• totally dependent on electrical lighting
SYSTEM IN BUILDING
(light source), ventilation, and space
Building System Features: conditioning.

• Lighting
• Ventilation for comfortable
space temperature and
humidity
• Air quality
• Convenient power and
communication capability
ii. High Rise Building
• High quality sanitation
• High rise building rely on high-speed
• Reliable systems for the vertical transportation and high pressure
protection of life and property. water for drinking and cleaning purposes,
and for protection against fire.

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(C) SCOPE OF M&E SYSTEMS IN BUILDING

•Consists of various complex systems.

•Varies according to; living standards of the society, climatic

conditions, occupancy & quality of the building.

For examples;
 House in a mild climate does not need regular heating or
cooling.
 Bulk storage does not need heating in winter.
 Hospital needs a supply of medical gas.
 Office building needs simple cooling device.
 High-rise building needs central cooling systems.

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SYSTE
 (D) BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS

Mechanical Systems Electrical Systems Building Operation

Systems

• HVAC; (Heating, • Electrical power; • Transportation;

Ventilating and Air (Normal, standby, (Elevators,
Conditioning) emergency power escalators,
• Site utilities; (Water supply and walkalators)
supply, storm water distribution)
• Processing;
drainage, sanitary • Lighting; (Interior, (Production, food
disposal, gas exterior, emergency service)
supply) lighting)
• Plumbing; (Water
distribution, water • Automation;
treatment, • Auxiliary or support Smart /
sanitary facilities) system; (Telephone, intelligent
signal, data, audio integration of
• Fire protection; video, fire alarm, systems (for
(Water supply, stand security systems) Environmental
pipe, fire and smoke controls,
detection, automatic managements,)
sprinklers,
annunciation) • Special systems
• Special systems

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 (E) IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS

Minor impact Highest

Space
Planning

Design/Construction
Contribution to
impact level

Priority During
Architectural
Design

Construction Cost
Major impact Lowest

Global Environments

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(i) Impact on Space Planning
 The M&E system affects; the gross floor (2) Commercial Building: Complex ductwork,
area, footprint (size & shape of ground HVAC and plumbing needs ceiling cavity
floor), floor to floor height, geometry, 0.6-1.0m)
architectural expression
 Allocations are made during the space
programming phase to allow appropriate
size and strategic location

 Examples;
(1) Large office buildings: Central
cooling/heating equipment needs
extra floor to floor height (> 4m)

(3) Reduced floor area due to

elavator room or other
building control room.

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Impact on Space Planning…cont’d

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the

space required for specialty buildings such as
laboratories, computer centers and residences.

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(ii) Impact on Architectural Design

 Early building design; one room, one window for ventilation and lighting
 Modern buildings develops according to the modernization of building M&E systems
(common building geometry figures).

 Building Height
7 storey (25 m) - buildings are considered high-rise (determined by the reach of
firefighters ladder), limit the ability for human to walk up and down stairs > transportation
is needed

 Building Height vs Space utilization

Height increases = Less usable space on the floor – more floor for stairs, elevators,
structural elements, M/E shafts, etc

 Building design and orientation

To be designed with consideration to reduce the energy consumption of M&E
systems.

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SYSTE
Impact on Architectural Design…cont’d

Building Height Classification:

 Low Rise Building: less than 7 storey or lower than 25 m from street level
 High Rise Building: 7 storey – 29 storey
 Super High Rise Building: 30 storey – 50 storey
 Skyscrapers: 51 storey and above.

Basic Building Shapes:

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SYSTE
(iii) Impact on Construction Cost
Building Height on Construction Cost
 Taller buildings need more time, hoisting equipment and complicated scheduling to raise
M/E materials to upper floors.
 Buildings more than 10 stories increase 5-15% of cost for the next 5 stories per floor
area,15~ stories increases 10~15%

M&E Systems vs. Construction Cost

 Depends on; the type of building, standard of living, architectural design, the systems
selected
Table 1-2: Range of M&E systems costs of buildings
Impact on Operating Cost
 Includes; energy consumption, routine
maintenance, repairs, replacements
and utilities

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow

the space required for specialty buildings such as laboratories,
computer centers and residences.

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(iv) Impact on Global Environment

 Caused by the usage of electricity, emission from building, waste from the
production activity (effluent), etc.

Source: IPCC 2014

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Impact on Global Environment…cont’d
Examples:

Thermal Heat Island effect at

urban area
• Image of Atlanta, Georgia,
showing temperature distribution,
with blue showing cool
temperatures, red warm, and hot
areas appear white.

Light Pollution
(F) SYSTEM INTEGRATION & MANAGEMENT
Integrated Building Management System (IBMS) a complete information
delivery system that manages/monitors and controls a variety of systems
and functions at an optimal level of efficiency.

Building Management Systems (BMS) also known as:

• Building Automation Systems (BAS),
• Building Management and Control System (BMCS),
• Direct Digital Controls (DDC) and
• Building Controls (BC)

Control and monitor means

 Central controlling facility;
 Automate and take control of various operations;
 Manage all the systems;
 Coordinate the various systems;

In order to provide comfortable working environment in an efficient way.

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Integrated Building Management System (IBMS)
An Integrated Building Management
System (IBMS) is a computer-
based integrated control system.

It is installed in areas like large

Residential compounds, Office buildings,
Institution Campuses,

IBMS mainly consists of the most

crucial systems for the safe and
smooth running of a business area
or building.

Example for;
• Air conditioning & ventilation, Lighting, Hydraulics, Access control, CCTV ,
Fire detection, Fire fighting, Lifts, etc.

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IBMS…cont’d
IBMS is an intelligent/smart building system and the system design
consists of the following main components :

i. Building automation System

ii. Fire Detection and Alarm System
iii. Public Address System
iv. Security System

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IBMS benefits:

Better Management
• Improved plant reliability and life
• Effective response to Ventilation and Air-conditioning
related complaints
• Save time and money during the maintenance
• Increased staff productivity

Better Control
• Good control of internal comfort conditions
• Possibility of individual room control
• Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption

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IBMS and energy saving:
The energy efficiency is possible by the usage of various automation
techniques in building.

Example
• with the help of occupancy sensors provided in various areas of
building, the service plan can be brought into operation only when
needed and also to the optimum, thereby leading to huge energy
savings.
End Of Chapter 1

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