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Estimation and Costing - 2

The document discusses various aspects of estimation and costing for construction projects. It outlines the standard modes of measurement for different construction items and provides examples. It also describes the systems used for developing quantity workouts, measurement sheets, and abstract sheets. Finally, it explains the process of rate analysis, which involves determining the material, wastage, labor, overhead, and profit costs to establish the unit rate for construction items.

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shaolin
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234 views15 pages

Estimation and Costing - 2

The document discusses various aspects of estimation and costing for construction projects. It outlines the standard modes of measurement for different construction items and provides examples. It also describes the systems used for developing quantity workouts, measurement sheets, and abstract sheets. Finally, it explains the process of rate analysis, which involves determining the material, wastage, labor, overhead, and profit costs to establish the unit rate for construction items.

Uploaded by

shaolin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESTIMATION AND COSTING

By
PRASAD GANPULE
Mode of Measurements :
 As per IS standard every measurement recording is provided with specific
system called as ‘Mode of Measurement’. Few of them are as mentioned below.

 All excavation quantities should be as per detail drawings and sizes provided
for pits OR trenches with necessary extra width base on depth for additional
working space.

 Anti termite treatment area to be recorded as per plinth area of the structure.

 All concrete items to be recorded in volumetric system.

 For masonary wall of 230mm thick and above in cum and wall below 230 mm
thick in sq. m.

 The openings of Doors and Windows to be deducted ‘Full’ and ‘at actual’ from
masonary.
 No deduction from masonary for R.C.C. lintel or beam
having area less than 0.50 sq. m.

 For plastering work:

 Any deduction below 0.50 sq. m. not to be deducted.


(considered)
 Any deduction of 0.50 sq. m. to 3.00 sq. m. to be
deducted half from each side or Full deduction from
any one side. But no addition for ‘Jams’.
 Any deduction more than 3.00 sq. m. Full deduction to
be given from both sides. But add for ‘Jams’ at actual.
 For painting and polishing to doors and window

 For fully T. W. paneled door + frame - 2.50 times


 For flush door + frame - 2.25 times
 For partly glazed + partly paneled door shutter + frame
- 2.00 times
 For fully glazed door shutter + frame fully glazed
- 1. 50 times
 For M.S. 2 section fully glazed window - 1.00 times
 For A.C. sheet roofing / cladding - 1.50 times
System of Quantity Workout and
Estimation :
 Measurement sheet : A format to workout the
quantities of different items by entering different
values base on unit system of recording the
measurement.

 Abstract Sheet : A format to summarize all the


quantities of different constructional activities in
systematic form and to work out the individual as well
as total cost for the item, item head, entire project.
Measurement Sheet

Item Brief Description No. Length Breadth Depth Quantity Unit


No. Height
Abstract Sheet

Item Brief Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount


No.
Different Heads in Construction
Activities :
 Excavation and Earth work
 Plain and Reinforced cement concrete
 Masonary work
 Doors and window
 Plastering work
 Flooring work
 Water proofing work
 Miscellaneous item
 Structural steel work
 Roofing and cladding (sheeting) work
 Sanitary and plumbing work
 Painting work
 Other services like HVAC, PHE etc.
Rate Analysis
 item executed on site has to be claimed or charged

 systematic procedure to know about individual and


overall costing of specific item per unit is the ‘cost’

 rate by which it has been finally charged is ‘price.’

 The working procedure of unit rate for any item is


known as ‘Rate analysis.’
 A. Material cost: This includes working out quantities
on theoretical basis for various material used to form
the single item. Ex. Quantity of cement, sand and
metal (Aggregate) to form the concrete.
Based on the quantity analysis with the unit rate
for material as per ‘Material Rate’ we can work out
‘Material cost.’
 B. Wastage : The amount of wastage due to
transportation, handling, spill over, lift over becomes
non usable but needs to considered in costing. Such
cost is covered under wastage.
 C. Scaffolding or plant and machinery : The cost
against scaffolding or plant and machinery needs to be
loaded on basis item as this cost directly do not involve
in product but needs to be spend for development or
making of product.
 D. Labour Charges : The payment made or expenses
incurred in process of making the product manually or
through workmanship or services provided with
human help needs to be remunerated. This cost has to
be added in cost for making the product.
 E. Over heads: These are called as indirect expenses.
They do not take part in product like material. But
support to form the product. The expenses incurred by
contractor for Administration at site and office,
miscellaneous site expenses, travelling and
transportation, site establishments, taxes and interests
on financial help etc. are such exp. which needs to be
loaded in specific way over the basic cost or rate of
product.
 F. Profit : This is the net gain which contractor claims
over and above the actual expense as self earning.

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