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DOCUMENT TITLE
GPR SURVEY PROCEDURE

DOCUMENT NUMBER
VPDE/SP/GPR/001

PREPARED REVIEWED APPROVED

REV DATE POSITION POSITION POSITION
BY BY BY
Survey Managing
0 14.08.2014 Abdul Halim Surveyor William Tan Ron Bouman
Manager Director

Velosi Plant Design Engineers Sdn Bhd

C-17-5, Megan Avenue 2, 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng
50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel: +60-3-2168 8832 Fax: +60-3-2166 8842
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVISION RECORD..........................................................................................................................3
1 Survey Methodology.................................................................................................................4
1.1 Radio Frequency (RF)...........................................................................................................4
1.1.1 Equipment Used................................................................................................................4
1.1.2 Direct Connection..............................................................................................................5
1.1.3 Clamping............................................................................................................................5
1.1.4 Induction.............................................................................................................................6
1.2 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR).........................................................................................7
2 GPR Equipment Detail.............................................................................................................8
2.1 Electromagnetic Detection – RD8000 PDL (RF Locator).....................................................8
2.2 GRP – Easy Locator IXM......................................................................................................9
2.3 RD312 Metal Detector...........................................................................................................9
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REVISION RECORD

DOCUMENT NO. VPDE/SP/GPR/001 DOCUMENT TITLE GPR SURVEY PROCEDURE

REV NO. DATE SECTION SHEET(S) DETAILS OF REVISION

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1 Survey Methodology
The services provide digital mapping of underground utilities information to indicate location and depth of
existing utilities services. This resourceful information would be able to assist Clients in proper management of
excavation works within its area of authorities. Our undertaking is to collect data in the field by our operatives
segregated into types of utilities such as: Power, Telecom, Gas, Water, Sewer, Culverts and Ducts.

The location works is carried out on live services and does not require disconnection of service, nor does it
disrupt the normal function of service.

1.1 Radio Frequency (RF)

Locating underground utilities by injecting / induce frequencies signal from generator or Transmitter to utility
services (to target line e.g. metal pipe, cables or conductor) that are capable of carrying an electric current. It
follows by locating the services using the receiver along the target line.

The signal will be detectable along the line over a distance dependent upon the type and size of the line and
soil conditions. There are few methods of injecting / induce frequency from the Transmitter to underground
services:-

1.1.1 Equipment Used

Item Description
1 Radiodetection RD8000 PDL (RF locator)
2 Easy Locator IXM (GPR system)
3 Radiodetection RD312 (Metal detector)
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1.1.2 Direct Connection

The output AC voltage from the Transmitter is connected directly to the pipe or cable at an access point such as
valve, meter or end of conductor, and the circuit is completed to a stake or ground connection point.

Direct Connection Method

This method also can be applied to locate PVC ducts (e.g. Fiber optic cable in a Sub- duct) by manually rod in a
FlexiTrace (flexible fiber glass coated rod incorporating conductor) into any small diameter duct. The FlexiTrace
is energized via the use of a compatible Transmitter/Receiver capable to locate signal, which travel along the
FlexiTrace.

1.1.3 Clamping
Clamping uses the induction principle to give a similar result to Direct Connection, but without electric contact to
the line. The output from the signal Transmitter is effectively couple to particular line by clamping around it with
a split toroidal magnetic core, which carries a primary winding magnetizing the core with the AC signal. The line
becomes the secondary of the transformer, and will carry a strong signal, provided that it has good coupling to
ground on each side.

Clamping Method
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Clamping the signal has the advantages over direct connection that, not only is the need for good electrical
contact with line and ground avoided, but any lines sharing a common connection will divide the signal current
between them, leaving the line to which the signal has been applied with the strongest signal

1.1.4 Induction
This method will be used by the time when there are no exposed services present. Transmitter placed parallel
on top of the target line linked by this fields, and therefore, has a signal induced.

Induction Method
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1.2 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

GPR is a stand-alone penetrating scanner which being used to locate non-metallic pipe and duct, as well as
others metallic services. GPR will be used to reconfirm existing located utilities and missed located services.

Subsurface Radar Technique is based upon Propagation of Electromagnetic (EM) wave in frequency range
between 10 to 2000MHz. The principle of the GPR is where the Transmitter transmits pulse to the ground and
encounters materials with a different electromagnetic property, such as AC pipe, Steel pipe, PVC Ducts, etc.

At this location, some of the radar pulse is reflected back to the receiver and taking a radar scan at each
position creates a radar reflection profile. This profile will be recorded by the Main Unit (or Notebook) to be
analyzed.

GPR analysis
From the data analysis, the services targeted will be mark together with direction and depth. With GPR, it can
penetrate to within 0.1m to 10m from the ground level depending on the conductivity of the ground condition.
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2 GPR Equipment Detail

2.1 Electromagnetic Detection – RD8000 PDL (RF Locator)

The RD8000PDL and PXL are powerful successors to the industry standard
RD4000PDL and PXL pipe and cable locators. The RD8000 improves on speed,
accuracy and reliability yet remains a cost-effective solution for any application
delivering unique user features. Designed with the latest, digital firmware, RD8000
delivers a highly controllable and reliable locate solution to service any industry,
anywhere in the world.
The RD8000 is ergonomically designed to deliver a superior performing locator that
provides the user with a light weight, energy efficient energy efficient and exceptionally well balanced tool. The
RD8000 is 28% lighter than the industry standard RD4000, which encourages extended use. Despite its weight
and form, the RD8000 retains the environmental durability associated with an IP54 rating, meaning you can
operate it in almost any environment. The receiver and transmitter feature a large, high contrast, backlit LCD
screen that provides the user with clear information in any light conditions. The intuitive and responsive
interface is designed so the operator can access any feature with ease. The keypad uses a self-explanatory
icon set that is consistent on both the transmitter and the receiver.
TruDepthTM: gives the operator the confidence that the depth reading is accurate by only indicating a locate
depth when the locator is correctly oriented directly above the pipe/cable.
Dynamic Overload Protection extends the RD8000 operation into areas where other products fail. In electrically
noisy environments particularly in areas where very large signals are present, it automatically filters out
unwanted signals allowing the operator to work effectively in areas such as power substations and overhead
railway HV cables.
Peak/Null Mode: is a tool to identify the effects of field distortion due to ground conditions or nearby utilities.
Simultaneous display of Peak bar graph response and proportional Null arrows allow a quick assessment of
locate conditions.
StrikeAlertTM: reduces the risk of accidents by detecting shallow power cables and alerting the operator with
an audio warning. Passive Avoidance: allows the operator to survey the ground quickly using simultaneous
detection of Power and Radio signals carried on underground pipes or cables. The RD8000 provides real audio
to differentiate the relative proportions of Power and Radio signals present.
Compass: Provides the operator with a visual indication of the target cable or pipes direction. With this feature,
the operator can easily follow the target line and then position the locator correctly to maximize depth accuracy.
Fault Find: is a technique that enables an operator to locate a cable fault using an A-frame attached to the
Locator. On-screen arrows help show the fault's direction and help the operator locate the fault accurately to
within 1 meter (39 inches).
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2.2 GRP – Easy Locator IXM

The MALA Easy Locator caused a revolution when it was originally released and
quickly established itself as the GPR tool of choice for utility applications, such
as:
Utility detection
Utility mapping 1.1

Underground Storage Tank (UST) detection

Void detection
Locate service or illegal connections
Lost cover, valve, cable box or vault detection
With fast start-up and minimal set-up the MALA Easy Locator can rapidly be deployed and the user can be out
collecting real-time data at full walking speed within minutes of arriving at the job site. The unique singles push /
turn button on the monitor, allows for quick and simple operation. A clear easy to read color LCD combined with
a backup cursor allows for easy interpretation of data and efficient on-site marking of utilities. An optional
feature allows images of the screen data to be saved in .jpeg format which can then be exported via a USB
thumb drive for use in field reports. The hinged shaft design allows the MALA Easy Locator to be folded,
creating a more compact package for efficient transportation and storage.

2.3 RD312 Metal Detector

The RD312 locator sets a new standard of simplicity and dependability for finding valve box covers, vault covers
and manhole covers lost under blacktop, concrete or grass verges. The RD312 locator reduces time wasted
looking for lost covers and is the right choice for speeding up site work and achieving fast payback. The RD312
automatically adjusts its sensitivity to suit its present environment. It can be used near
metal fences and even under parked cars, with no loss of accuracy. The range of
facilities includes:
Easy two button operation, On/reset and Off
Automatic sensitivity adjustment for peak performance
Advanced electronics makes location less time consuming
Variable audio tone indicates presence of buried object
Angle and height of search head fully adjustable
Waterproof search head allows use in shallow water
Light and unique folding design for easy storage