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CFD Momentum Equation PDF

The document discusses the momentum equation in computational fluid dynamics. It begins by explaining the continuity equation and conservation of momentum as fundamental principles. It then derives the Navier-Stokes equation by analyzing the sources of force on a fluid element, including body forces, pressure forces, and shear forces. The momentum equation accounts for changes in momentum with time, momentum convection, surface forces, and molecular diffusion of momentum.

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Moloy Upadhyay
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159 views18 pages

CFD Momentum Equation PDF

The document discusses the momentum equation in computational fluid dynamics. It begins by explaining the continuity equation and conservation of momentum as fundamental principles. It then derives the Navier-Stokes equation by analyzing the sources of force on a fluid element, including body forces, pressure forces, and shear forces. The momentum equation accounts for changes in momentum with time, momentum convection, surface forces, and molecular diffusion of momentum.

Uploaded by

Moloy Upadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alandi (D),

Pune, India

Momentum Equation
(Computational Fluid Dynamics)

Prof. Pramod P. Kothmire


School of Mechanical & Civil Engineering, Alandi Pune
WEBINAR 05
th
30 July 2020
Sub topics

• Another approach for continuity equation


• Conservation of momentum
• Application of momentum equation
Continuity Equation
Consider the model of moving fluid element,
(Mass is fixed)

(Time Derivative of mass)

(splitting the terms)

Continuity equation in partial differentiation and non-conservation form


Conservation of momentum
• Momentum is a physics term;
• It refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
• A sports team that is on the move has the momentum.
• If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has momentum.

Fundamental physical principal to model a flow:

F = ma

Vector relation and can be split into three scalar relations


Sources of Force
Body forces: Act directly on volumetric mass of fluid element (@ at a distance)

Example: Gravitational, Electric and Magnetic

Surface forces: Act directly on the surface of fluid element

Mainly due to a) Pressure distribution


b) Shear and normal stress distribution
Analysis of Force
 Momentum ConservationMomentum Equation
U j U j P  ij
  U i    g j

t xi x j xi 

I
   V
II III IV

 U j U i  2
 ij         ij  U k
I : Local change with time
 xi x j  3 xk
II : Momentum convection
III: Surface force
IV: Molecular-dependent momentum exchange(diffusion)
V: Mass force

Navier-Stokes Equation II
Momentum Equation for Incompressible Fluid
 ij  U j U i  2
 
      ij   U k
xi xi  x x j  3 xi xk
 i 
U i
0
xi  ij  2U j  2U j
 U i
    
xi xi2 x j xi xi2

U j P U j  2U j
  U i    g j
t xi x j xi
2

Navier-Stokes Equation III


WEBINAR 06
3rd August 2020
Conservation of momentum
• Momentum is a physics term;
• It refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
• A sports team that is on the move has the momentum.
• If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has momentum.

Fundamental physical principal to model a flow:

F = ma

Vector relation and can be split into three scalar relations

Momentum = mass x velocity


Sources of Force
Body forces: Act directly on volumetric mass of fluid element (@ at a distance)

Example: Gravitational, Electric and Magnetic

Surface forces: Act directly on the surface of fluid element

Mainly due to a) Pressure distribution


b) Shear and normal stress distribution
Analysis of Force
1) Body force
2) Pressure force
3) Shear force

Fx = max
For the moving fluid, the net surface forces will be written as:
Considering the right side,

Combining the equations we get,


Navier-Stokes equation
 Momentum ConservationMomentum Equation
U j U j P  ij
  U i    g j

t xi x j xi 

I
   V
II III IV

 U j U i  2
 ij         ij  U k
I : Local change with time
 xi x j  3 xk
II : Momentum convection
III: Surface force
IV: Molecular-dependent momentum exchange(diffusion)
V: Mass force

Navier-Stokes Equation II
Momentum Equation for Incompressible Fluid
 ij  U j U i  2
 
      ij   U k
xi xi  x x j  3 xi xk
 i 
U i
0
xi  ij  2U j  2U j
 U i
    
xi xi2 x j xi xi2

U j P U j  2U j
  U i    g j
t xi x j xi
2

Navier-Stokes Equation III

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