Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.

Student ID: 17-0295-396

RATIONALIZATION

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS

1. The Medical Technology Board is appointed by:

a. President of the Philippines c. Senate President
b. Speaker of the House d. Secretary of Health

Answer: A. President of the Philippines.

According to RA 5527 Sec. 7, There is hereby created a Medical Technology Board under the Professional
Regulation Commission, which shall thereafter be referred to as the Board composed of a Chairman who is a
pathologist, and two (2) members who are registered medical technologists who shall be appointed by the
President of the Republic of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Professional Regulation Commission.

2. Accreditation of training clinical laboratory is conducted by

A. DOH
B. CHED
C. PRC
D. BHFS

Answer: A. DOH/ Department of Health

According to Administrative Order no. 49-B s. 1988, the revised section 5: regulatory authority; DOH (previously
termed Secretary of Health) through the BRL in the office of standards and regulations shall exercise licensing
and regulation for training clinical laboratory.

3. Accreditation of school of Medical Technology is recognized by the:

A. Board of Med tech
B. Council of Med tech
C. PRC chairperson
D. DOH secretary

Answer: B. Board of Med Tech;

According to RA 5527 Sec. 13 (PD 498 Section 7. amends section 13 of R.A. 5527 as), Accreditation of Schools of
Medical Technology and of Training Laboratories.- Upon the recommendation of the Medical Technology Board,
the Department of Education and Culture15 shall approve schools of Medical Technology in accordance with the
provisions of this Act, as amended, in conjunction with the Board of Medical Technology.

4. The following sections of RA 5527 were amended twice, except:

a. Sec. 16 c. Sec. 24
b. Sec. 21 d. Sec. 8

Answer: C. Sec 24;

RA 6138 amend Sections 16, 21, and 22 of R.A. 5527
PD 498 amend Sections 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 21, 29 of R.A. 5527

5. The following are the functions of the board of Medical Technology, except:
a. Issue certificates of registration
b. Keep the roster of registered medical technologists
c. Investigate any violations that will be made by a medical technologist
d. Administer oaths of new registered medical technologists

Answer: B. Keep the roster of registered medical technologists

According to RA 5527 Sec. 28, A roster of Medical Technologist shall be prepared annually by the Secretary of
the Board, commencing on the year following that in which this Act shall become effective.
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396

6. NOT qualified as a candidate to Medical Technology Board positions:

a. Chief med tech working in a laboratory for 8 years
b. Current faculty member in a school of medical technology
c. Laboratory technician working for 10 years
d. AOTA

Answer: D. AOTA
According to RA 5527 Sec. 8, - No person shall be appointed as member of the Board of Examiners for Medical
Technology unless he or she is (1) is a Filipino citizen; (2) is of good moral character; (3) is a qualified Pathologist,
or a duly registered medical technologist of the Philippines with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene/Public Health; (4) has been in practice of laboratory medicine or
medical technology for at least ten years prior to his appointment, and (5) is not a member of the faculty of any
medical technology school for at least two (2) years prior to appointment or having any pecuniary interest direct
or indirect in such institution.

7. Issuance of certificates of registration after passing the licensure examination is stated in:
a. Sec. 19 c. Sec 23
b. Sec. 21 d. Sec. 24

Answer: Sec. 21

According to R.A 5527 Section 21. Issuance of Certificate of Registration.Every applicant who has satisfactorily
passed the required examination for medical technologist shall be issued a certificate of registration as such:
Provided, That no such certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age of
twenty-one (21) years.

8. Under R.A. 5527 who among the following can do the work of a medical technologist even without securing a
license?
a. Registered physician
b. Foreign Medical technologist conducting research for his doctorate degree
c. MT working in DOH laboratory
d. All

Answer: D. All
According to RA 5527 Section 14. Inhibition Against the Practice of Medical Technology.- No person shall
practice or offer to practice medical technology as defined in this Act without having previously obtained a valid
certificate of registration from the Board provided that registration shall not be required of the following:

a. Duly registered physicians.

b. Medical technologist from other countries called in for consultation or as visiting or exchange professors to
colleges or universities: Provided, they are only practicing the said function.

c. Medical technologists in the service of the United States Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines rendering
services as such for members of the said forces only.

9. The executive officer of the board of medical technology has the following functions, except:
a. Publishes the names of those who passed the licensure examination
b. One of the signatories on the certificate of registration
c. Administer the professional oath of the successful examinees
d. A and B

Answer: A. Publishes the names of those who passed the licensure examination.
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
According to RA 5527 Sec. 15, Examination; Written notices of such examination shall be published in at least
three newspapers of national circulation by the Secretary of the Board of least thirty days prior to the date of
examination.

10. An Australian medical technologist is working on a research in the country for the completion of his Master’s
thesis. Part of his study is to conduct a series of laboratory tests to his subjects. Does he need to secure a license
from the PRC?
a. No, because he is covered by the exceptions as stated in Sec.13
b. No, because he is covered by the exceptions as stated in Sec.14
c. Yes, because he is not covered by the exceptions as stated in Sec.14
d. Yes, because only practicing physicians are exempted

Answer: B. No, because he is covered by the exceptions as stated in Sec.14

According to RA 5527 Sec. 24, Medical technologist from other countries called in for consultation or as visiting
or exchange professors to colleges or universities: Provided, they are only practicing the said function shall not
be required registration to practice as Medical Technology.

11. Who has the authority to remove members of the board of medical technology:
a. PRC chairman c. President of the Philippines
b. PAMET President d. PASMETH President

Answer: C. President of the Philippines.

According to RA 5527 Sec. 12, removal of Board Members.- Any member of the Board may be removed by the
President of the Philippines for neglect of duty, incompetency, malpractice or unprofessional, unethical,
immoral or dishonorable conduct after having been given opportunity to defend himself in a proper and
administrative investigation.

12. A BSMT graduate, 19 years old, passed the board examination. He was not issued a license. Can he insist on his
right to get a license, NOW, having passed the boards?
a. Yes, granted that he passed the boards he is entitled for that license NOW
b. No, he cannot claim his license until he reached 21 years of age
c. No, he is underage and that disqualifies him in having his license until he reached 20 years of age
d. No, he has to get another examination when he’s 21 years old

Answer: B. No, he cannot claim his license until he reached 21 years of age
According to RA 5527 Sec 21, that no such certificate shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not
attained the age of twenty-one (21) years.

13. RA 5527 was approved on:

a. 06/30/1964 c. 06/21/1969
b. 07/21/1964 d. 07/30/1969

Answer: B. 07/21/1964
The implementation of RA 5527 was in June 21, 1969.

14. A foreign professional licensed in his country to practice his profession may be allowed to practice his profession
in the Philippines. This is called:
A. Consultancy
B. Reciprocity
C. Unconditional recognition
D. Treaty of professions

Answer: B. Reciprocity
According to RA 5527 Sec. 27, Foreign Reciprocity.- No foreigner shall be admitted to examination, or be
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
given a certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges under this Act, unless the
country or state of which he is a subject or citizen permits Filipino Medical Technologist to practice within its
territorial limits on the same as the subject or citizens of said country or state.

15. A penalty of revocation of license can only be given if there is:

a. Majority vote c. 3 out of 3 votes
b. 2 out 3 votes d. Approval of the chairman of the board

Answer: C. 3 out of 3 votes.

According to RA5527 Sec. 24, no penalty of revocation shall be imposed unless there is a unanimous vote of all
the three members of the Board. The Board may, by majority vote, impose the penalty or reprimand or
suspension, the latter however not to exceed two years.

16. Currently, revocation or suspension of a certificate shall be subjected to appeal to the:

a. Civil service commission c. PAMET
b. PRC d. President of the Philippines

Answer: A. Civil Service Commission

According to RA 5527 Sec. 25, the revocation or suspension of a certificate made by the Board shall be subject
to appeal to the Civil Service Commissioner24 whose decision shall become final thirty days after its
promulgation, unless the respondent within the same period has appealed to the office of the President of the
Philippines.

17. Refresher courses shall be taken by those who have failed the board examination ___;
a. once
b. thrice
c. twice
d. None

Answer: B. Thrice
According to RA 5527 Sec. 5, formulate and recommend approval of refresher course for applicants who shall
have failed the Board Examination for the third time.

18. Guidelines for the accreditation of clinical laboratories involved in the training of medical laboratory
science/medical technology interns is:
a. CMO no. 6, s. of 2008 c. CMO No. 6, s. 2006
b. CMO no. 14, s. 2006 d. CMO No. 14, s. 2008

Answer: B. CMO no. 14, s.2006

According to CMO no. 6 series of 2008 - it provides guidelines for the Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories
involved in the Training of Medical Laboratory Science / Medical Technology Interns.

19. The enactment of RA 5527 otherwise known as “The Medical Technology Act of 1969” took place on:
a. June 16, 1969
b. July 18, 1969
c. June 21, 1969
d. August 31, 1969

Answer: C. June 21, 1969

The implementation of RA 5527 was in June 21, 1969.

20. A laboratory worker splashes concentrated hydrochloric acid in his/her eye. The best safety measure is to:
a. Wash the eye with dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and call a physician STAT
b. Wash the eye with distilled water and call a physician STAT
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
c. Wash the eye with dilute acetic acid and call a physician STAT
d. Call the physician and wait for his/her advice

Answer: B. Wash the eye with distilled water and call a physician STAT

21. Serves as the chairman of the Council for Medical Technology Education:
a. PRC Chairperson
b. PAMET President
c. CHED Secretary
d. PASMETH President

Answer: C. CHED Secretary

According RA 5527 Sec. 3, there is hereby established a Council of Medical Technology Education, hereafter
referred to as Council, which shall be composed of the Director of Higher Education as Chairman; the Chairman
of the Professional Regulation Commission as Vice-Chairman; and the Director of the Bureau of Research and
Laboratories of the Department of Health,4 the Chairman and two (2) members of the Board of Medical
Technology, a representative of the Deans of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health, and the
Presidents of the Philippine Society of Pathologists and the Philippine Association of Medical Technologists, as
members.

22. The revocation or suspension of certificates, administrative investigation shall be conducted by:
a. All members of the board with 1 legal counsel
b. PAMET President, Chairman of the board and 1 legal counsel
c. 1 board member, 1 PRC commissioner and a legal counsel
d. At least 2 members with 1 legal counsel

Answer: D. At least 2 members with 1 legal counsel

Administrative investigation shall be conducted by at least two members of the Board with one legal officer
sitting during all administrative proceedings, the respondents shall be entitled to be represented by counsel or
be heard in person, to have a speedy and public hearing, to confront and cross-examine witnesses against him
or her, and to all other rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

23. Serves as the chairman of the Medical Technology Board:

a. Pathologist
b. Registered Physician
c. Medical Technologist
d. PAMET President

Answer: A. Pathologist
According RA 5527 Sec. 7, there is hereby created a Medical Technology Board under the Professional
Regulation Commission, which shall thereafter be referred to as the Board composed of a Chairman who is a
pathologist, and two (2) members who are registered medical technologists who shall be appointed by the
President of the Republic of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Professional Regulation Commission.

24. It consists of the policies, standards and guidelines for medical technology education:
a. CMO no. 6, s. 2008 c. CMO no. 14, s. 2008
b. CMO no. 14, s. 2006 d. CMO no. 6, s. 2006

Answer: B. CMO no. 14, s. 2006

According to CMO no. 14 series of 2006, it provides policies, Standards and Guidelines for Medical Technology
Education.
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
25. The suspended or revoked medical technologist can file an appeal before the _____ first about the decision
made by the MTB.
a. CHED
b. President of the Philippines
c. PRC
d. Court of Appeals

Answer: C. PRC
According to RA 5527 Sec. 25, appeal within 15 days at the PRC, after 15 days, decision will be final.
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396

Histopathology

1. This is a type of diagnostic cytology that enable the microscopic examination of desquamated cells.
a. Fine Needle Aspiration b. Exfoliative cytology c. H and E staining d. A and B

Answer: B. Exfoliative cytology

Exfoliative cytology deals with the microscopic study of cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces.
Exfoliated cells may be found in smears that have been spontaneously shed or physically removed from epithelial and
mucous membranes.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 631)

2. These are cells that shed or removed from the epithelium

a. Desquamated cells b. Dead skin cells c. Superficial cells d. Navicular cells

Answer: A. Desquamated cells

Exfoliative cytology deals with the microscopic study of cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces.
Exfoliated cells may be found in smears that have been spontaneously shed or physically removed from epithelial and
mucous membranes.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 631)

3. Desquamated cells are harvested thru:

a. Rubbing a lesional tissue b. Brushing a lesional tissue c. Using a needle d. A and B

Answer: D. A&B, (rubbing a lesional tissue and brushing a lesinal tissue)

Spontaneous exfoliation is observed in normal cells due to constant growth and replacement with new cells - more
readily observed in malignant tumor cells. Specimen can be collected from the epithelial surfaces by lightly scraping the
surface, by swabbing, aspirating or washing the surfaces.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 631)

4. All are appropriate fixatives for preserving cells for studies except
a. Equal parts of alcohol and ether b. Gendres fluid c. 95%ethanol d. Spraycyte

Answer: B. Gendres fluid

Gendres fluid is usually good for preservation of glycogen and for micro-incineration technique (the burning of a minute
tissue specimen for identification of mineral elements from the ashes). It is used to fix sputum, since it coagulates mucus.
While for cytology, the optimal fixation is done by dropping the smears in 95% ethyl-alcohol container for 3-5 minutes.
The slides may be kept in the fixative for a longer period, when transportation to the cytology laboratory is required.
Other ideal methods can be used are Ether alcohol mixture: This fixative was originally recommended by Papanicolaou.
It consists of equal parts of ether and 95% ethyl alcohol.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 640)

5. This type of smear preparation involves two slides, wherein the specimen is spread evenly on the surface of the two
slides.
a. Streaking b. Pull-apart c. Touch preparation d. Spreading

Answer: B. Pull-apart
Pull-Apart – This is done by placing a drop of secretion or sediment upon one slide and facing it to another clean slide.
The material disperses evenly over the surface of the two slides. Slight movement of the two slides in opposite
directions may be necessary to initiate the flow of materials.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 49)

6. This is a type of smear preparation when the slide is made to touch the cut surface of an organ or tissue
a. Touch b. Pull apart c. Spreading d. Streaking
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
Answer: A. Touch
Touch Preparation (Impression Smear) – This is a special method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly
cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide, allowing the cells to be
transferred directly to the slide for examination by Phase Contrast microscopy or staining for light microscopic study.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 50)

7. What specific adhesive is not allowed to be used in cytology?

a. Mayer’s albumin b. Human serum c. Leuconostoc d. Celloidin ether

Answer: A. Mayer’s albumin

One disadvantage of using albumin is that it retains some of the stain and gives a dirty background. Mayer’s Albumin is
not recommended because it can be stained by the counterstain. (OG-6 or EA50)

8. The filter used in Membrane filter method is made up of:

a. Polyvinyl b. Cellulose esters c. Polycarbonate d. B and C

Answer: D. B&C; Cellulose esters and Polycarbonate

The tissue sample is then either put directly into fixative, or after placement onto an orientation millipore (cellulose)
filter or polycarbonate strip, preferably mucosal surface upwardsto avoid flattening the glandular or villous architecture.

Reference: Histopathology Specimens: Clinical, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects, p. 30

9. Which of these stain is used as the nuclear stain in Papapanicolau’s staining technique?
a. Orange Green b. OG-6 c. Harris hematoxylin d. Eosin azure

Answer: C. Harris hematoxylin

We use a modified Papanicolaou technique to provide a standardized method for staining non-gynecologic specimens.
Harris' hematoxylin is the optimum nuclear stain and the combination of OG- 6 and EA 50 gives the subtle range of green,
blue and pink hues to the cell cytoplasm.

Reference: Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios (Ebook page 668)

10. This type of cells appear as the most mature with polygonal cell and dark pyknotic nuclei
a. Navicular cell b. Pregnancy cell c. Superficial cell d. None of the choices

Answer: C. Superficial Cells

Superficial cells : Most mature, polygonal cells with dark pyknotic nuclei

11. What type of cells found in cervicovaginal smears exhibits “true acidophilia” ?
a. Superficial cells b. Intermediate cells c. Parabasal cells d. All of the choices

Answer: A. Superficial cells

Superficial cells are cells that exhibits “true acidophilia” Characteristics of vaginal cell under the
Influence of estrogen.

12. This is a phenomenon in which cervical mucus exhibit a “Palm Leaf” pattern on drying
a. Ferning b. Wrinkling c. A, B and D d. Pyknosis

Answer: A. Ferning
Ferning: Phenomenon in which cervical mucus exhibit a “palm leaf” Pattern on drying.

13. This type of cell may appear as cells surrounded by bacilli

a. Clue cells b. Trichomonas vaginalis c. Koilocyte d. None of the choices

Answer: D. None of the choices

Gardnerella vaginalis: May appear as cells surrounded by bacilli “clue cells”

14. This type of quantitative evaluation of vaginal cytology asses the percentage of cells coming from the main layers of
the epithelium
a. Acidophilic index b. Maturation index c. Pyknotic index d. A and C
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
Answer: B. Maturation Index
Maturation index - asses the percentage of cells coming from the main layers of the epithelium

15. Cytologic picture suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy

a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV

Answer: C. Class III

Cancer cytology:
Class I - absence of atypical cytologic picture
Class II - atypical cytologic picture present but no evidence of malignancy
Class III - cytologic picture suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy
Class IV - cytologic picture strongly suggestive of malignancy
Class V - cytologic picture conlusive of malignancy

16. Cytologic picture strongly suggestive of malignancy

a. Class II b. Class IV c. Class V d. Class III

Answer: B. Class IV
Cancer cytology:
Class I - absence of atypical cytologic picture
Class II - atypical cytologic picture present but no evidence of malignancy
Class III - cytologic picture suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy
Class IV - cytologic picture strongly suggestive of malignancy
Class V - cytologic picture conlusive of malignancy

17. This sign of inflammation involves increase in capillary permeability that allows the extravasations of blood fluid
associated with increase hydrostatic pressure.
a. Rubor b. Calor c. Tumor d. Functio laesa

Answer: C. Tumor
The external manifestations of inflammation, often called its cardinal signs, are heat (calor in Latin), redness (rubor),
swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of func tion (functio laesa).

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 68

18. This type of inflammation involves injurious agent of inflammation that lasts for weeks upto years
a. Acute inflammation b. Chronic Inflammation c. Subchronic inflammation d. A and C

Answer: B. Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is a response of prolonged dura tion (weeks or months) in which inflammation, tissue injury, and
attempts at repair coexist, in varying combi nations. It may follow acute inflammation, as described earlier, or may
begin insidiously, as a smoldering, some times progressive, process without any signs of a preced ing acute reaction.

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 81

19. This type of inflammation is characterized by production of large amount of pus or purulent exudate
a. Suppurative b. Fibrinous c. Serous d. Hemorrhagic

Answer: A.Suppurative
Purulent inflammation is characterized by the produc tion of pus, an exudate consisting of neutrophils, the liquefied
debris of necrotic cells, and edema fluid. The most frequent cause of purulent (also called suppurative) inflammation is
infection with bacteria that cause liquefactive tissue necrosis, such as staphylococci; these pathogens are referred to as
pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria.

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 78-79

20. This type of developmental defect involves failure of an organ to form an opening
a. Atresia b. Metaplasia c. Agenesia d. Hypoplasia

Answer: A. Atresia
Atresia describes the absence of an opening, usually of a hollow visceral organ or duct such as intestines and bile ducts.
Name: Loresca, Kaycee Gretz V.
Student ID: 17-0295-396
Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 273

21. Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells without control

a. Anaplasia b. Metaplasia c. Neoplasia d.Dysplasia

Answer:C. Neoplasia
A neoplasm (Greek, neo, “new,” + plasma, “thing formed”) is the autonomous growth of tissues that have escaped
normal restraints on cell proliferation and accumulation and exhibit varying degrees of fidelity to their precursors. As
well, some tumors (e.g., promyelocytic leukemia) involve impaired maturation, even if the tumor cells are committed to
a specific line of differentiation.

Reference: Rubin’s pathology 7th Ed. Strayer, D., Page 169

22. This is the active part or portion of the tumor
a. Stroma b. Polyoma c. Parenchyma d. None of the choices

Answer: C. Parenchyma
Parenchyma - active elements of the tumor.

23. This type of necrosis happened due to interruption of blood supply to lower extremities
a. Coagulative b. Gangrenous c. Fibrinoid d. Caseous

Answer: B.Gangrenous
Gangrenous necrosis is not a distinctive pattern of cell death,the term is still commonly used in clinical practice. It
usually refers to the condition of a limb (generally the lower leg) that has lost its blood supply and has undergone
coagulative necrosis involving multiple tissue layers.

Reference: Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 273

24. Rapid process that brings death of a group of cells

a. Karyolysis b. Pyknosis c. Necrosis d. Apoptosis

Answer: C.Necrosis
Necrosis is the major pathway of cell death in many commonly encountered injuries, such as those resulting from
ischemia, exposure to toxins, various infections, and trauma. Necrosis is traditionally considered the inevitable end
result of severe damage that is beyond salvage and is not thought to be regulated by specific signals or biochemical
mechanisms;

Reference: Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology 10 ed., Pg 35

25. This primary sign of death involves loss of coordination of various body functions and loss of reflexes
a. Circulatory failure b. Nervous failure c. Respiratory failure d. All of the choices

Answer: Nervous failure

Nervous failure: Loss of coordination of various body functions, chiefly loss of reflexes.