MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)
Program Name and Code : MEA-6I-R
Course Name and Code : RAC (22660)
Academic Year : 2021-22
Semester : SIXTH

A MICRO PROJECT
on
HUMIDIFIERS

Submitted on 2020-21 by the group of 4 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment
Name of student Seat No.
No. No. No.
1 65 MOHAN CHAUDHARI 1800180504
2 66 MUKESH CHAUDHARI 1800180505
3 67 GAURAV DEORE 1800180508
4 68 GIRISH DEVGIRIKAR 1800180509

Project Guide
Prof. V. H. Chaudhari sir
(Lecturer in RAC)

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that Master /Ms.…………………………………………….

Roll No. ……............ of ……………….. Semester of Diploma in MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has
completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject -RAC (22660) for
the Academic Year 2021-22 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: ………………………..

Date: …………………….. Exam. Seat No: ………………………..

Subject Teacher Head of the Principal

Department

Seal of
Institution

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I (Full Name) ……………………………………………………… Roll No./Seat No.

…………………… as a student of …………. Sem /Year of the Program
…………………………………………….. humbly submit that I have completed from time
to time the Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills and
study between the period from ……………………… to …………………….. as per
instructions/guidance of Prof. V. H. Chaudhari sir
And that following students were associated with me for this work,
however, quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from
any other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: ……/…../2021 Signature of Student

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 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year : 2021-22 Name of the : Prof. Chaudhari sir

Course : RAC Course code : 22660

Semester : VI

Title of the project : MECHANICAL JOINTS

COs addressed by Micro Project:

A. Use refrigeration systems for given application.

B. Use relevant refrigerants for different applications.

C. Select different refrigeration components for given refrigeration system.

D. Select different air conditioning components for given air-conditioning

system.

E. Determine cooling loads for Air-conditioning systems.

F. Select relevant tools for maintaining air conditioning systems.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal

communication (if any)
…………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of Marks out of

6 for 4for
Roll Student Name performance performance in Total out
No in group oral/ of 10
activity presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

1 Discussion and finalization
of topic

2 Preparation and submission

of Abstract
3
First Literature Review
Week
4 Collection of Data

5 Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

Content
Second
7 Week Formulation of Content

8 Editing and proof Reading

of
Content
9 Compilation of Report And
Presentation
10 Seminar

11
Third Viva voce
Week
12 Final submission of Micro
Project

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

Acknowledgments
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 As a curriculum requirement of the course Diploma In Mechanical
Engineering, we have completed project work on HUMIDIFIERS under the
guidance of Prof. V. H. Chaudhari Sir and it’s our first duty to express our
heartfelt gratitude towards him and all the personalities who helped us in
completion of this project work.

We offer our sincere thanks to who guided us at each and every stage
with his valuable suggestions and guidance while completing this project.

We would also like to express our deepest thanks to those who have
helped us directly and indirectly during the completion of this project.

We are grateful to Dr. S. B. Wesley Sir, Head of Mechanical Engineering

Department and Dr. M.V. Ingle sir, Principal of Government Polytechnic,
Jalgaon for providing us the opportunity to embark on this micro-project.

INDEX

6
 Sr. Chapter Page
Topic
No. no. no.

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 1. 1 Introduction of humidifier 9
2. 2 Types of Humidifier 10
2.1) Natural humidifier
2.2) Evaporative Humidifier
2.3) Impeller humidifiers
2.4) Steam vaporizers
2.5) Ultrasonic humidifiers
3. 3 Methods of humidifier 13
3.1) Spray-type air humidifier
3.2) Pan evaporative humidifiers
3.3) Electrically operated humidifiers
3.4) Air-operated humidifiers

4. 4 Maintenance 17
5. 5 5.1) Advantages of humidifiers 18
5.2) Disadvantages of humidifier
6. 6 References 29

ABSTRACT
Dry eye has become a common and chronic eye disease in the society
especially in older adults. Dry eye symptoms are caused by insufficient amount
of tears to lubricate and moisture the eye. People experiencing dry eye may

8
feel irritated, scratchy, pain and redness of the eye. Dry and windy conditions,
insufficient blinking and long term wear of contact lenses are among the main
causes of dry eye symptoms.
The most common supplement for natural tears production is the
preservative-free artificial tears solution and eye drops. Problem arise when
these conventional methods does not cure dry eye effectively as it is
inconvenient for older people with constraint hand movement to apply the eye
drop periodically in specific time period. Therefore, this project is carried out
to understand the dry eye disease and to provide a better solution for the dry
eye disease by developing a wearable eye humidifier to increase small area
humidity level in proximity to the eye.
The project development is breakdown into stages to design and develop the
ultrasonic transducer, drive circuit, solenoid valve, Arduino microcontroller,
timer circuit and water tank to be integrated into a working prototype model.
The ultrasonic transducer converts water droplets into mist particles and the
solenoid valve is used to control the flow of water.

Chapter no:- 1
HUMIDIFIERS
INTRODUCTION OF HUMIDIFIERS :-

9
Humidity-Control Methods
Humidifiers, by definition, are devices for adding moisture to the air. Thus, to
humidify is to increase the density of water vapor within a given space or
room. Air humidification is affected by vaporization of water and always
requires heat for its proper functioning. Thus, devices that function to add
moisture to the air are termed humidifiers, whereas devices that function to
remove moisture from the air are termed dehumidifiers.

Humidifier are the equipment of air conditioning, which are used to increase
the moisture content or humidity of air. Humidifier therapy adds moisture to
the air to prevent dryness that can cause irritation in many parts of the body.
Humidifiers can be particularly effective for treating dryness of the skin, nose,
throat, and lips. They can also ease some of the symptoms caused by
the flu or common cold.
However, overusing humidifiers can potentially worsen respiratory problems.
It’s important to know how to use them correctly.

Chapter no:- 2
TYPES OF HUMIDIFIERS:-

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The type of humidifier you choose depends on your preferences, budget, and
the size of the area you want to add moisture to. There are five types of
humidifiers:
2.1) Natural humidifiers
2.2) Evaporative Humidifier
2.3) Impeller humidifiers
2.4) Steam vaporizers
2.5) Ultrasonic humidifiers

2.1) Natural Humidifier:-

One type of evaporative humidifier makes use of just a reservoir and wick.
Sometimes called a "natural humidifier", these are usually non-commercial
devices that can be assembled at little or no cost. One version of a natural
humidifier uses a stainless steel bowl, partially filled with water, covered by a
towel.
A waterproof weight is used to sink the towel in the center of the bowl. There
is no need for a fan, because the water spreads through the towel by capillary
action and the towel surface area is large enough to provide for rapid
evaporation. The stainless steel bowl is much easier to clean than typical
humidifier water tanks. This, in combination with daily or every other day
replacement of the towel and periodic laundering, can control the problem of
mold and bacteria.
Houseplant may also be used as natural humidifiers, since they evaporate
water into the air through transpiration. Care must still be taken to prevent
bacteria or mold in the soil from growing to excessive levels, or from dispersing
into the air.
2.2) Evaporative Humidifier:-
The most common portable humidifier, an "evaporative", "cool moisture", or
"wick humidifier", consists of just a few basic parts: a reservoir, wick and fan.
The wick is made of a porous material that absorbs water from the reservoir
and provides a larger surface area for it to evaporate from. The fan is adjacent
to the wick and blows air onto the wick to aid in the evaporation of the water.
Evaporation from the wick is dependent on relative humidity.
A room with low humidity will have a higher evaporation rate compared to a
room with high humidity. Therefore, this type of humidifier is partially self-
regulating; as the humidity of the room increases, the water vapor output
naturally decreases.
These wicks become mold if they are not dried out completely between fillings,
and become saturated with mineral deposits over time. They regularly need
rinsing or replacement; if this does not happen, air cannot pass through them,

11
and humidifier stops humidifying the area it is in and the water in the tank
remains at the same level.

2.3) Impeller humidifier

An impeller humidifier (cool mist humidifier) uses a rotating disc to fling water
at a diffuser, which breaks the water into fine droplets that float into the air.
The water supply must be kept scrupulously clean, or there is a risk of
spreading bacteria or mold into the air. These types of humidifiers are usually
noisier than others.

2.4) Steam vaporizer

A vaporizer (steam humidifier, warm mist humidifier) heats or boils water,
releasing steam and moisture into the air. A medicated inhalant can also be
added to the steam vapor to help reduce coughs. Vaporizers may be healthier
than cool mist types of humidifiers because steam is less likely to convey
mineral impurities or microorganisms from the standing water in the reservoir,
especially in the winter.
However, boiling water requires significantly more energy than other
techniques. The heat source in poorly designed humidifiers can overheat,
causing the product to melt, leak, and start fires

2.5) Ultrasonic humidifier

An ultrasonic humidifier uses a ceramic
diaphragm vibrating at an ultrasound to
create water droplets that silently exit the
humidifier in the form of cool fog. Usually
the mist gets forced out by a tiny fan,
while some ultra mini models have no
fans. The models without fans are meant
mainly for personal use.
Ultrasonic humidifiers use
a Piezoelectricity to create a high
frequency (1-2 MHz) mechanical
oscillation in a film of water. This forms an
extremely fine mist of droplets about one
micron in diameter, that is quickly evaporated into the air flow.
Unlike the humidifiers that boil water, these water droplets will contain any
impurities that are in the reservoir, including minerals from hard water (which
then forms a difficult-to-remove sticky white dust on nearby objects and
furniture). Any pathogens growing in the stagnant tank will also be dispersed in

12
the air. Ultrasonic humidifiers should be cleaned regularly to prevent bacterial
contamination from being spread throughout the air.
The amount of minerals and other materials can be greatly reduced by
using distilled water. Special disposable demineralization cartridges may also
reduce the amount of airborne material, but the EPA warns, "the ability of
these devices to remove minerals may vary widely.’’ The mineral dust may
have negative health effects. Wick humidifiers trap the mineral deposits in the
wick; vaporizer types tend to collect minerals on or around the heating
element and require regular cleaning with vinegar or citric acid to control
buildup.

Chapter no:- 3
Methods of Humidifier:-

13
air humidification consists of adding moisture. Following are the types of
humidifiers used in air-conditioning systems:
3.1) Spray-type air washers
3.2) Pan evaporative humidifiers
3.3) Electrically operated humidifiers
3.4) Air-operated humidifiers

3.1) Spray type Air-Washer Humidifier:-

An air washer essentially consists of a row of spray nozzles inside a chamber or
casing. A tank at the bottom of the chamber provides for collection of water as
it falls through the air and comes into intimate contact with the wet surface of
the chamber baffles. The water is generally circulated by means of a pump, the
warm water being passed over refrigerating coils or blocks of ice to cool it
before being passed to the spray chamber. The water lost in evaporation is
usually replaced automatically by the use of a float arrangement, which admits
water from the main as required. In many locations, the water is sufficiently
cool to use as it is drawn from the source.

In other places, the water is not cool enough and must be cooled by means of
ice or with a refrigerating machine. The principal functions of the air washer
are to cool the air passed through the spray chamber and to control humidity.
In many cases, the cooling coils are located in the bottom of the spray chamber
so that as the warm spray descends, it is cooled and ready to be again sprayed
by the pump. In some cases, the water is passed through a double-pipe
arrangement and is cooled on the counter-current principle. Figure shows a
sketch of an air washer. In this case, the spray pipes are mounted vertically.
In some instances, the spray pipes are horizontal so that the sprays are
directed downward. As some of the finer water particles tend to be carried
along with the air current, a series of curved plates or baffles is generally used,

14
which forces the cooled and humidified air to change the direction of flow,
throwing out or eliminating the water particles in the process.
Advantages of Air Washer Type Humidifier:-
1. By regulating the quantity and temperature of water passing through
the nozzles, the air can be made to leave the humidifier at any desired
temperature and relative humidity
2. As air comes in intimate contact with water, the soluble and
objectionable oases will be dissolved in the water leaving the air free
from poisonous gases.
3. Exact control of relative humidity and temperature can be achieved.
4. Easy to operate.
5. Low maintenance cost.
3.2) Pan evaporative Humidifiers:-
Figure shows the essential parts of the pan-type humidifier. The main part is a
tank of water heated by low-pressure steam or forced hot water where a
water temperature of 200◦F or higher is maintained. The evaporative-type
humidifier is fully automatic, the water level being controlled by means of a
float control. In operation, when the relative humidity drops below the
humidity-control setting, the humidifier fan blows air over the surface of the
heated water in the tank.

The air picks up moisture. The air is blown to the space to be humidified. When
the humidity control is satisfied, the humidifier fan stops.

15
Advantages of Pan Coil Type Humidifier
1. Simple in operation.
2. Maintenance cost is low, as there is no moving part.
Disadvantage of Pan Coil Type Humidifier:-
1. Close control of relative humidity is not possible with this humidifier,
because the water must be heated before humidification starts and
must be cooled, before it stops.
3.3) Electrically Operated Humidifiers:-
Dry-steam electrically operated humidifiers operate by means of a solenoid
valve, which is energized by a humidistat. When the relative humidity drops
slightly below the desired level set by the humidistat, a solenoid valve actuated
by the humidistat admits steam from the separating chamber to the re-
evaporating chamber.

Steam passes from this chamber through the muffler directly to the
atmosphere. The fan (which is energized when the solenoid valve opens)
assists in dispersing the steam into the area to be humidified. When the
relative humidity reaches the desired level, the humidistat closes the solenoid
valve and stops the fan

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3.4) Air-Operated Humidifiers:-
Air-operated humidifying units operate in the same manner as electrical units,
except that they utilize a pneumatic hygrostat as a humidity controller and an
air operator to open or close the steam valve. A decrease in relative humidity
increases the air pressure under a spring-loaded diaphragm to open the steam
valve wider.
An increase in relative humidity reduces the pressure under the diaphragm and
allows the valve to restrict the steam flow. In a humidifier operation of this
type, the steam supply is taken off the top of the header. Any condensate
formed in the supply line is knocked down to the humidifier drain by a baffle
inside the inlet of the humidifier-separating chamber.
Any droplets of condensation picked up by the stream as it flows through the
humidifier cap when the steam valve opens will be thrown to the bottom of
the re-evaporating chamber.

Pressure in this chamber is essentially atmospheric. Since it is surrounded by

steam at supply pressure and temperature, any water is re-evaporated to
provide dry steam at the outlet. The humidifier outlet is also surrounded by
steam at supply pressure to ensure that there will be no condensation or drip
at this point. A clamp-on temperature switch is attached to the condensate
drain line to prevent the electric or pneumatic operator from opening the
steam valve until the humidifier is up to steam temperature.

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 Chapter no:- 4
MAINTENANCE:-
The reservoir of the tank that hold the water should be regularly clean to
remove the residue due to the impurities of the water used. The mineral
deposits can be cleaned by using a using one part of vinegar with one part of
water.

If possible, try to use some filtration system to ensure that the water used
contains minimal impurities. Also read the manufacturers recommendation on
the maintenance of the equipment to ensure continuous operation.

Those that have piping installation should be constantly checked to ensure that
there is no leaking on the joints of the pipes.

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 Chapter no:- 5
5.1 Advantages of humidifier
1. Better Health
The most important benefit you will receive from an air mist humidifier is
making your home’s environment less conducive to cold and flu germs. The
abundance of colds in the winter season is due more to the dry air indoors,
where airborne viruses thrive, than the cold weather.

2. Seasonal Comfort
When it comes to comfort, nobody likes to cope with skirts that cling and
hair that stands on end due to static electricity. Dry noses, bloody noses or
any of the other uncomfortable symptoms due to dry air can turn a
pleasant winter into a dreary winter. An air humidifier will make the air in
your home feel more like the other seasons, so you and your family will
experience less discomfort. Unless you are really stuck on tradition and the
way things have always been, this is a good thing. Just think of the money
you will save on body lotion!

3. Safe Electronics
Clingy skirts are not the only victims of static electricity. Believe it or not, a
spark of static can damage your computer or other electronic devices. This
can hurt the wallet a lot more than the momentary zap of electricity.

4. Happier Plants
Virtually all indoor houseplants are of the tropical variety that thrive in,
well, the tropics. While you don’t need tangible mist hanging in the air of
your home to make your plants happy, they need more than 23%, which is
the level of humidity when the temperature outside dips below freezing.
Your plants will love you for bringing an air humidifier on board!

5. Long-Lasting Furnishings
In extremely dry homes, the wallpaper and paint can be affected to the
point of peeling. That expensive textured paint job you paid for could last a
lot longer if you simply put some moisture in the air when needed. The slats

19
 of a wood floor can separate and leave gaps that fill with dust, which keep
them from closing back.

5.2 Disadvantages of humidifier

1. Bacteria and Fungus
Although air humidifiers are not the only harbingers of villainous organisms,
they are the perfect medium for certain varieties. The Legionella
pneumothorax is one notable bacterium which is the cause of Legionnaire’s
disease, a serious form of pneumonia. Changing or cleaning out your air
humidifier filters and tanks regularly should take care of any problems, but
if you have an unexplained respiratory illness that will not go away, your
doctor may recommend turning off the humidifier.

2. Another Thing to Clean

Air humidifiers must be checked and cleaned faithfully to avoid the above
potentially serious problems. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, but
when in doubt, check the appliance every three days or so. Watch for film
collecting on the water’s surface, hard water deposits and any other signs
of stagnant water.

3. Noise
All air humidifiers produce a level of noise, but some are less offensive than
others. The ultrasonic models are the quietest models, with the possible
exception of the wet-towel-draped-over-the-radiator method. (The
ultrasonic model is, of course, more effective, but wet towels might help
when there is no alternative.)

4. Excess Moisture
Occasionally when a humidifier is not self-regulated it will put out too much
moist air. Humidifiers on the market with humidistats or hygrometers
(handy gadgets that measure the humidity in your home) are available and
well worth the extra cost since overly moist air is just as bad, or worse, than
air that is too dry. The Environmental Protection Agency recommends
humidity levels of no more than 50% for the home, but 45% is most
comfortable.

5. White Dust

20
 When the minerals in water are evaporated they fall as white dust in your
home. Although the effects of breathing the dust are unknown, it is
believed to be potentially unhealthy. This can be avoided by using distilled
water, which has less mineral content than tap or bottled water.

Chapter no:- 6
REFERENCES
1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidifier
2. Vinod thombre Patil and apeksha thombre Patil RAC book VI sem
3. https://www.pickhvac.com/humidifier/types/
4. https://www.airconditioning-systems.com/humidifier.html
5. https://www.servicechampions.net/blog/types-humidifiers-available/
6. Mäkinen, T. M.; Juvonen, R.; Jokelainen, J.; Harju, "Cold temperature and
low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory
tract infections". Respiratory Medicine. 
7. Mendelson, Cheryl (17 May 2005). Home Comforts: The Art and Science
of Keeping House. Simon and Schuster. 
8. Kahn, Miriam B. (1 January 2012). Disaster Response and Planning for
Libraries. American Library Association. 
9. Elsersawi, Amin (2012-06-15). Secret of Electricity.
10.Baur, X; et al. (1988). "Humidifier lung and humidifier fever". Lung. 
11. "The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality". Consumer Product
Safety Commission. 
12. "Anti-Static & Static Elimination Through Humidity Control". JS
Humidifiers.
13. Clark, Jeff (27 March 2012). "Humidity in the Data Center: Do We Still
Need to Sweat It?". The Data Center Journal.
14.Ward, Gerald W. R. (2008). The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and
Techniques in Art.
15. "Indoor Air Facts No. 8: Use and Care of Home Humidifiers"  (PDF).
Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. 
16. "Humidifiers Recalled for Fire Hazard".
17.Rodes, C. T. R. G (1990). "Measurements of the size distribution of
aerosols produced by ultrasonic humidification". Aerosol Science and
Technology. 
18. "How to Make Distilled Water for Humidifier". Humidifier Only.

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