10

MATHEMATICS
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 2
Week 1 - 4

DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY

 MATHEMATICS 10

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Illustrates polynomial functions; understands, describes and interpret graphs of
polynomial functions
Name ____________________________ Week 1

Section _____________________ Date ____________

Background Information

What’s New

A polynomial function is a function of the form P(x) = anxn + an−1xn−1 + . . . + a2x2 +

a1x + a0. The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of x in its expression. Constant (non-
zero), linear, quadratics, cubic and quartic are polynomial functions of degree 0, 1, 2 , 3 and 4
respectively. The discussion on polynomial functions is similar to that of polynomial equations
but the difference is on how we write them. Polynomial functions make use of the function
notation like P(x) read as “P of x”, f(x), g(x) and the like or sometimes we use y equals a certain
polynomial.

Table 1: Examples of polynomial functions (You may complete the table and apply what you’ve

Polynomial Function Number Real roots of

Degree Name
(in factored form or standard form) of roots the equation
constant
1) y = 4 0 no root None
function
1) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 1 1 -2
quadratic
2) 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 4) 2 3, -4
function
3) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 5)" 2
4) 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4) 3 cubic function 3
6, -2
5) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 2)"
multiplicity 2
6) ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) 4
4, 1, -4
7) 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)! (𝑥 − 1) quintic function
multiplicity 3
polynomial -3 multiplicity 2
" " "
8) 𝑠(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 − 6) (𝑥 + 9) function of 6 multiplicity 2
degree 6 -9 multiplicity 2
Polynomial
9)𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑟! )(𝑥 − 𝑟" )(𝑥 − 𝑟# ) … (𝑥 − 𝑟$ ) N function of n 𝑟+ , 𝑟" , 𝑟! … 𝑟,
degree n
learned from polynomial equations.)
Example 1) Find the roots of the polynomial function 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 " + 5𝑥 − 12.
Solution 1: Solving the roots of a polynomial function is like solving polynomial equations. You
may apply the theorems like rational root, integral zero and remainder theorems. Since the
leading coefficient is 1, just get the factors of the constant 12 and look for the roots. (You may

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solve the roots of the function on another sheet of paper using synthetic division and factoring.)
Answer: roots: {1, -3, -4}
What is it
Graphing Polynomial Functions
When you were in lower grade level you already encountered that graphs of linear
functions are straight lines while graphs of quadratic functions are parabolas that open upward
or downward or some conic sections. In here, you will encounter graphs of polynomial functions
such as cubic and quartic functions.
Properties of graphs of polynomial functions:
1. The graph is a smooth curve (no sharp corners), continuous and has no breaks or gaps.
2. The graph of a polynomial with degree “n” has at most n-1 turning points.
3. It will pass or cross the y axis in only one point. It is called the y-intercept whose coordinates
is denoted by an ordered pair of the form (0,y). To solve the y intercept, let x= 0 and solve the
function.
4. The roots are graphically represented by the x-intercepts. X-intercepts are part of the graph
that crosses or touches the x-axis. To solve the x-intercepts, we let y= 0 then solve for x using
our skills in solving polynomial equations. The coordinates of the x-intercepts are of the form
(x,0).
5. It has extremum points, the maximum turning point/s and/or the minimum turning point/s.
(It will not be covered in this topic).
It is interesting to note here that there are some cases where we need to prepare a table
of values for x and y that satisfies the given function. These ordered pairs or points once plotted
on the plane lie on the curve just like the x and y- intercepts. Meaning the curve will pass
through these points.

End behavior of the graphs: (Leading Coefficient Test)

It is noteworthy to consider that in the function P(x) = anxn + an−1xn−1 + . . . + a2x2 + a1x +
a0, the sign of the leading coefficient denoted by an and the degree of the function (n of xn) to
know the end behavior of the graph. It will tell if the function in terms of x increases or
decreases without bound. Below are the cases based from Math 10 Learners Module:
Case 1: if the sign of the leading coefficient is positive and the degree is odd, then the graph
falls on the left and rises on the right
Case 2: if the sign of the leading coefficient is negative and the degree is odd, then the graph
rises on the left and falls on the right
Case 3: if the sign of the leading coefficient is positive and the degree is even, then the graph
rises to the left and right
Case 4: if the sign of the leading coefficient is negative and the degree is even, then the graph
falls to the left and right

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 Below are the illustrations of the 4 cases:
Case 1: Leading coefficient is +, n is odd

Case 2: Leading coefficient is -, n is odd

Case 3: Leading coefficient is +, n is even Case 4: Leading coefficient is -, n is even

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Can you illustrate the end behavior of the graphs by raising and/or putting down your arms?
You may use your arms as your guide when trying to recall the cases.
Multiplicity of roots/zeros or x-intercepts:
If you know the multiplicities of the roots of the function, this will tell us if the graph will
pass through the x- axis or will just touch the x-axis (or tangent to the x-axis). The exponents of
the linear factors will tell us the multiplicities of the roots whether it is odd or even.
Case 1: if the multiplicity of a root is odd, then it will cross the x-axis on the root (the graph
changes from above the x-axis to below the x-axis or vice versa.)
Case 2: if the multiplicity of a root is even, then it will touch the x-axis on that root (the graph is
either above the x-axis on both sides of the root or below the x-axis on both sides of the root.)

The graph of 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)" below illustrates multiplicity of roots.

It can be seen from the graph that A (-1,0) is a root (x-intercept) whose multiplicity is odd, since
in the function (x+1). This illustrates Case 1 of multiplicity of roots, it will pass that point and the
curve changes direction from below the x-axis crossing the root then above the x-axis. Point B
(2,0) is also a root (x-intercept) whose multiplicity is even, since in the function (𝑥 − 2)" . This
illustrates Case 2 of multiplicity of roots, the curve coming from the left side of 2 above the x-
axis and touches the x-axis at that point then goes up again above the x-axis to the right of 2.
Below are examples of cubic and quartic functions:

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Sample 1: Cubic – sideways “S” shaped curve Sample 2: Quartic – “M” or “W” shaped curve
It is quite difficult to graph “exactly” polynomial functions but with the information above,
we could “approximate” how they look like on the Cartesian plane. Here are some steps you
could follow to be able to graph them. You will be needing a graphing paper for this module.
Example 1) Graph 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) using sign test.
Guide 1:
A) Determine the following: a. degree and name, b) end behavior and shape of the function,
c) multiplicity of roots and d) number of turning points

a) degree: 3 name: cubic function

b) end behavior: Since LC is + and degree is odd, Case 1; shape: sideways “S” curve
c) multiplicity of each linear factor is odd (1), meaning the curve will cross at the obtained roots
d) number of turning points: at most 2
B) Determine or solve the following: a) y-intercept, b) x-intercepts
a) to solve the y-intercept, let x= 0 then solve for y in the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) ----- substitute x with 0, then solve y
𝑦 = (+1)(+2)(−2) = −4 ----- coordinates of y- intercept: (0,-4)
b) to solve the x-intercepts, we let y=0. We apply our skill in solving polynomial equations. Since
it is already in factored form, it is easier to find the x-intercepts (they are the roots of the
equation).
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
0 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) ----- equate each factor with 0 to get the x- intercepts
(𝑥 + 1) = 0; (𝑥 + 2) = 0; (𝑥 − 2) = 0 ----- the roots are: -1, -2 and +2. The
coordinates of the x-intercepts are: (-1,0), (-2,0) and (2,0)
Graphing: On your graphing paper, draw the x- and y- axes using an appropriate scale (1 line
corresponds to 1 unit or 2 lines: 1 unit and so on… you may choose your scale. Then plot the x
intercepts (they will lie on the x-axis) and y intercept (it will lie on the y-axis).
C) Set up the table for the sign test containing the interval to the left of the lowest root, the roots,
the intervals between the roots and the interval to the right of the highest root.

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 Intervals/roots sign/value of graph of f(x) multiplicity of end behavior
f(x) roots
x<-2 −(10) below x-axis
x= -2 0 (root) x intercept odd-it will cross falls on the left
-2<x<-1 +(0.875) above x-axis
x=-1 0 (root) x intercept odd-it will cross
-1<x<2 −(4) below x-axis
x=2 0 (root) x intercept odd- it will cross rises on the right
x>2 +(20) above x-axis
All indicated roots: -2, -1 and 2 will have a value of 0.To complete the column for the sign/value
of f(x), we get a certain value of x that lie within the interval and we take the sign of the value
(the value may be included so that there will be other points you may use to graph the function).
In the interval x< -2, you may use x= -3 then substitute in the function to solve the y value.
x<-2, try x= -3 which is less than -2
𝑦 = (−3 + 1)(−3 + 2)(−3 − 2) = (−2)(−1)(−5) = −10, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑖𝑠 " − ".Coordinates of the
point: (-3, -10)
In the interval -2<x<-1, try -1.5 which lies between -2 and -1
𝑦 = (−1.5 + 1)(−1.5 + 2)(−1.5 − 2) = +0.875, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑖𝑠 " + ".
Coordinates of the point: (-1.5, +0.875)
In the interval -1<x<2, try x= 0 which lies between -1 and +2
𝑦 = (0 + 1)(0 + 2)(0 − 2) = −4, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑖𝑠 " − ". Coordinates of the point: (0,-4)
In the interval x>2, try 3 which is greater than 2
𝑦 = (3 + 1)(3 + 2)(3 − 2) = (4)(5)(1) = +20, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑖𝑠 " + ". Coordinates of the point: (3,20)
To complete the column on “graph of f(x), all roots are x intercepts. If the sign of f(x) is " − " then
the graph is below the x-axis, if the sign of f(x) is “+”, then the graph is above the x-axis.
To complete the column for multiplicity, we only put cross or touch on the obtained roots. Since
from Guide 1.A letter c, the multiplicities are all odd, the curve will cross the roots.
To complete the column for end behavior, we just put rises to left/right or falls to the left/right.
Since from Guide 1.A letter b, it is Case 1, the root on the left most part is -2, it falls on the left.
While the root on the right most part is +2, rises on the right.
Graphing: On your graphing paper which contains the intercepts, you may start drawing the
curve by considering the contents of our table. Start by drawing the part of the graph downward
from −2, you may use the extra points obtained in your sign test, the graph should pass through
these points, if the space allows you to do so. Let it pass (-3,-10) below. From -2 to -1, above
the x-axis, let it pass through (-1.5, +0.875), you may approximate the decimals in the plane, let
it go up then down to -1. From -1, let it cross down or below the x-axis. Make sure the graph will
pass through the y-intercept which is (-4,0) and let it go up to the next root which is +2. Then
form then end behavior let it rise to the right, if you could reach the point (+3, +20), it is better.
Then put arrows at the end as the graph is continuous.)

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 Your
graph
should
look
some
what
like
this:

Example 2) Approximate the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)" (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)

Guide 2: Now us let try graphing by just using the properties and cases we encountered in this
lesson.
A. We need the following: a. degree and name of the function, b) end behavior and shape of the
function, c) multiplicity of roots and d) number of turning points

a. degree: 4, What is the name of the function?___________ Ans: quartic

b. What Case is the end behavior of the function?__________ Ans: Case 3
(rises to the left and to the right)
Shape: “W” shaped curve
c. multiplicity or roots: 1 root is even multiplicity; it will touch the x-axis at that root.
2 roots are odd multiplicity, it will cross on those roots.
d. turning points: at most 3 turning points
B. We also need the x and y intercepts.
What is the y intercept?___________ Ans: (0,8)
What are the roots of the function?_________________ Ans: -2 multiplicity 2, +1 and +2
C. Graphing: On your graphing paper, draw the x and y axes using an appropriate scale (x may
be 1:1 and y maybe 1:2. You may choose your scale). Plot the x and y intercepts. The left most
x intercept is (-2,0) with multiplicity 2, meaning it will touch this point and since the graph rises

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to the left you may draw coming down to -2, touching it, then rise again (this part of the graph is
above the x-axis) continue rising until you pass the y intercept at (0,8) then down to the next x
intercept which is (1,0), since the multiplicity here is odd, let cross below the x-axis then just let
it rise to the next root of (2,0), this part of the graph is below the x-axis. Since (2,0) is the right
most x intercept, the multiplicity is also odd so let the graph rise to the right of 2 as indicated by
Case 3.

Your graph should look somewhat like this: 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)" (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)

What I need to know

Illustrates polynomial functions; understands, describes and interprets graphs of
polynomial functions (M10AL-IIa-1)

General Instruction
Write your solutions and answers on a clean sheet of paper.

What I Know
For items 1 to 5, use the
graph below: 𝑓(𝑥) =
−(𝑥 + 2)" (𝑥 − 2)

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 1) What is the sign of the leading coefficient of the function?
2) What root has an odd multiplicity?
3) What do call points A and B of the curve?
4) What is the y intercept of the graph?
5) Describe the end behavior of the graph.
6) What are the roots of the function 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 ! − 5𝑥 " − 14𝑥 + 8?
7) What do you call the part of the graph that passes through the x-axis?
8) What is the part of the graph that crosses the y-axis?
9) What is the end behavior of the graph if the leading coefficient is “-“ and its degree
is even?
10) What is the multiplicity of the root if the graph is tangent to the x-axis?

What’s In
1) Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 3):
a. what are the roots of the function?
b. what are the coordinates of the x intercepts?
c. what are the coordinates of the y intercept?
2) Using the function ℎ(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 − 2)" :
d) Which of the roots have an even multiplicity?
e) Which of the roots have an odd multiplicity?

What’s More
Answer the questions and complete the table for the graph of:
ℎ(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 1)" (𝑥 − 1)"
1) What is the degree of the function?
2) What case is the end behavior of the graph?
3) Is there an odd multiplicity among the roots?
4) What will the curve of the function look like?
5) How many turning points are there?
6) What are the coordinates of the y intercept?
7) What are the coordinates of the x intercepts?

Intervals/roots sign/value graph of f(x) multiplicity of end behavior

of f(x) roots
x<-1 - below x axis
x=-1 0 (root) 12) even- it will falls on the right
touch x-axis
8) - 13)

x=1 10) x intercept 14) 15)

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 9) 11) below x-axis

What I Can Do
On a graphing paper, approximate the graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1) Which of the following is NOT a property/characteristic of a graph of a polynomial function?

a. it is continuous b. it is a smooth curve
c. it has a break d. it has “n-1” turning points

2) Which of the following will determine whether the curve will pass or touch the x-axis at the
roots of the function?
a. sign of leading coefficient b. multiplicity of the roots
c. the degree d. the intervals

3) The graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)" (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) contains infinitely many points, if 𝑥 = −0.32,

what is the value of y for it to be on the curve?
a. 8.64 b. 6.84 c. -6.84 d. -8.64

4) In the function 𝐽(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 " + 5𝑥 − 12, what is its factored form?

a. 𝐽(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4) b. 𝐽(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 4)
c. 𝐽(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 4) d. 𝐽(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4)

5) Using the function in number 4, what is the end behavior of the graph?
a. Case 1 b. Case 2 c. Case 3 d. Case 4

Additional activities
You may explore graphing by using some applications like: GeoGebra, Desmos and
other graphing tools using your android phone, tablets, laptops and other gadgets.
Try graphing 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 6𝑥 " + 5𝑥 − 12, you may send a picture or screenshot of your
work or have it printed and have it submitted together with your module.

Answer Key
What I Know:
1) negative “-“ 2) +2 or (2,0) 3) x intercepts or roots
4) (0,8) 5) rises to the left and falls to the right
6) roots: -2, ½, 4 7) x intercept 8) y intercept
9) falls to the left and right 10) even
What’s In
1.a) x=4, x=5, x=-3 or roots: 4, 5, -3 1.b) (4,0), (5,0), (-3,0)
1.c) (0,60) 2.d) +2 or (2,0) 2.e) -2 or (-2,0)
What’s More
1) 4 2) Case 4 3) none 4) “M” shaped curve
5) at most 3 6) (0,-1) 7) (-1,0) and (1,0)

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 Intervals/roots sign/value of graph of f(x) multiplicity of end behavior
f(x) roots
x<-1 - below x axis
x=-1 0 (root) 12) x intercept even- it will falls on the left
touch x-axis
8) -1<x<1 - 13) below x axis

x=1 10) 0 (root) x intercept 14) even- it will 15) falls on the right
touch x-axis
9) x>1 11) “−“ below x-axis
What I Can Do (Graph was presented using GeoGebra)

Assessment
1) C 2) B 3) A 4) D 5) A
References

Acelajado, Maxima J. (2016). Equals: Worktext in Mathematics 10. Manila: Dreambooks Publication
Department of Education. Curriculum Guide: M10AL-IIa-1
Department of Education. Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Guide
Department of Education. Mathematics 10: Learner’s Module
mathcenter 2009 “Polynomial Functions” last modified Aug. 31, 2020
http://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/mc-ty-polynomial-2009-1.pdf
Nivera, Lapinid. Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities. (Makati City: Don Bosco Press, Inc,
2015).
Ponsones, Ocampo et.al. Math Ideas and Life Applications 10. (Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House
Inc.,2013)

Prepared by:
Patricio Francisco B. Sayson/ Lito P. Pineda/ Joselito C. Cabije
Anna L. Caisip/ Harriett P. Rivera/ Lovelyn P. Bautista/ Mary Cristine L. Dizon
Angeles City National High School

12
 MATHEMATICS 10

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
All about Circles and its Related Angles
Name ____________________________

Section ___________________________

Background Information (What’s New and What is It)

What’s New

What is a Circle?

A circle is an important shape in the field of geometry. Let’s look at the definition of a circle and
its parts. A circle is a round shaped figure that has no corners or edges. In geometry, a circle can be
defined as a closed, two-dimensional curved shape

A few things around us that are circular in shape are a car tire, a wall clock that tells time, and a lollipop.

Can you name some things that are circular in shape?

What is It

A circle is the set points equidistant from a given point. The point from which all points on a
circle are equidistant is called the center of the circle. A circle is named with a single letter, its center.
See Figure 1 below.

C•

Figure 1 A Circle

There are some terms we need to identify that are related to circle. We will name them
according to their kind.

13
LINES OF A CIRCLE

Radius is the segment drawn from the center to

any point on the circle.
Chord is a segment joining any two points of a
circle.
Diameter is a segment whose endpoints are on
the circle and it passes through the center of the
circle. It is the longest chord.
Secant is a line passing any two points of a circle.
Tangent is a line that intersects one and only one
point of a circle.
ARCS IN CIRCLE

Arc is a part of a circle.

The arc of a circle consists of two points on the circle and all the points on the circle that lie
between these two points. It’s like a segment that was wrapped partway around a circle. An arc
is measured not by its length (although it can be, of course) but most often by the measure of
the angle whose vertex is the center of the circle and whose rays intercepted the endpoints of
the arc.

Semi-circle is an arc whose measure is one-half

of the circumference of a circle. Its endpoints are
the endpoints of the diameter of a circle. (ex.
EHG or GHE, EJG or GJE,
Minor arc is an arc whose measure is less than a
semicircle. (ex. BC or CB )
Major arc is an arc whose measure is more than
a semicircle. (ex. CDB or BDC )

Degree Measure of an Arc

1. The degree measure of a minor arc is less than 180°.

2. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360° minus the measure of the minor arc
with the same endpoints.
3. The degree measure of a semicircle is 180°.

Angles in Circle and their Intercepted Arcs.

Central Angle and its intercepted arc

A central angle is an angle formed by two radii whose vertex is at the center of the
circle. The measure of the central angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc. That is,
measure of central angle = measure of intercepted arc.

14
Example: Find the measure of x.

1. Solution: x = ÐAOB and m AB = 115

O•O mÐAOB = m AB
x
A mÐAOB = 115
B
115°
2. Solution: x = ÐSEM and m SM = 150
A• 150°
S mÐSEM = m SM
x
• M mÐSEM = 150
E

Sum of Central Angles

The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle
4
with no common interior points is 360 degrees. 1
3 2
In the figure, mÐ1+mÐ2+mÐ3+mÐ4 = 360
(Note: All measures of angles and arcs are in degrees.) •
Inscribed Angle and its intercepted arc
An inscribed angle is an angle formed by 2 chords whose vertex is on a circle. The
measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc. That is,
measure of inscribed angle = ½ (measure of intercepted arc).
Example: Find the value of x.
C
1. Solution: x = ÐACB, and m AB = 115
x
mÐACB = ½ (m AB )
O•
mÐACB = ½ (115)
A B
mÐACB = 57.5
115°
2.
H
Solution: x = ÐHFL, and m HL = 150
• A
150° mÐHFL = ½ (m HL )
•O
x mÐHFL = ½ (150)
F L mÐHFL = 75
Arc Addition Postulate
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the measures of the two
arcs.
Example: Adjacent arcs are arcs with exactly one point in
A R
common. In • S, AR and RC are adjacent arcs. The sum of
their measures is equal to the measure of ARC. S•
C
If m AR = 73 and m RC = 85, then m AC = 73 + 85 = 158

What I need to know

Derives inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles
(M10GE-IIe-1)
General Instruction
Write your solutions and answers on a clean sheet of paper.

15
 What I Know
Use the figure on the right to identify and name the terms related to • Z.

1. ME 6. RAG
2. GR 7. ÐDZX Y G
M
3. AX or XA 8. YA
4. ÐDGR 9. GAD
•Z
5. DG 10. XZ X
E A R
What’s In D

A. Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow.

What is the measure of each of the following given m EC = 45, mÐALR = 18, m NT = 28, and
mÐTLR = 87
1. m AR 6.mÐELC E C
2.m AC 7.mÐTLN
3.m RT 8.mÐTLE •L Figure 1
N
4.m EN 9. mÐCLN
A
5. m ENT 10. mÐALT
T R
B. Given: K and ∠𝑃𝐴𝑇 is inscribed in a semi-circle. ∆PAT is an isosceles right
triangle. Using the figure below, answer the following questions:
1. What is the measure of Ð PAT?
2. What is the measure of Ð APT?
3. What is the measure of Ð ATP?
4. If the measure of Ð IKR = 30°, then what is the measure of arc IR?
5. If arc IR is 30°, then what is the measure of Ð IAR?

What’s More
Fill in the table using
•
• L. (Refer to Figure 1)
Central Angle Intercepted Arc Measure
1.ÐCLE
2.ÐALN
3.ÐELN
4.ÐNLR

16
 5.ÐALE

What I Can Do
Use the situation below to answer the question that follows.
Mr. Pogi is designing a mag wheel like the one shown below. He decided to put 9
spokes which divide the rim into 9 equal parts.

What is the degree measure of each arc along the rim? How about each angle formed by
the spokes at the hub?
1. If you were to design a wheel, how many spokes will you use to divide the rim?
Why?

Assessment
Answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.
_____1. What do you call a segment that is drawn from the center to any point of a circle?
a. radius b. chord c. diameter
_____2. It is an arc whose measure is 179°.
a. minor arc b. major arc c. semicircle
_____3. Which of the following lines intersect a circle at two distinct points?
a. chord b. tangent c. secant
_____4. An angle formed by two chords with a vertex on the circle is called ______.
a. arc angle b. central angle c. inscribed angle
_____5. If the measure of a central angle is 37°, then what is the measure of its intercepted
arc?
a. 18.5° b. 37° c. 74°
_____6. It is a line segment that divides a circle into two equal parts.
a. arc b. semicircle c. diameter
_____7. Which of the following is the fixed point of a circle?
a. arc b. center c. vertex
_____8. What is the sum of the measures of all the central angles formed?
a. 30° b. 72° c. 360°
_____9. If the measure of the intercepted arc of an inscribed angle is 90°, then what is the
measure of the angle?
a. 45° b. 90° c. 180°
_____10. Which of the following is the longest chord?
a. arc b. semicircle c. diameter

Additional activities

Solve the problem:

Erica designed a pendant. It is a regular hexagon set in a circle. Suppose the opposite vertices
are connected by line segments and meet at the center of the circle, what is the measure of
each angle formed at the center?

17
 Answer Key

What I know What’s In

1. tangent 6. major arc 1. 18 6. 45 B.1. 90°
2. chord 7. central angle 2. 117 7. 28 2. 45
3. minor arc 8. secant 3. 87 8. 93 3. 45
4. inscribed angle 9. semicircle 4. 65 9. 110 4. 30
5. diameter 10. radius 5. 93 10. 105 5. 15

What’s More What I Can Do

Central Angle Intercepted Arc Measure 1. 40° ; 40°
2. Student’s response may vary
1.ÐCLE EC 45° Assessment
2.ÐALN AN 133° 1. a 6. c
2. a 7. b
3.ÐELN EN 65° 3. c 8. c
4. c 9. a
4.ÐNLR NR 115° 5. b 10. c
Additional activity
5.ÐALE EA 162°
Answer: 60 degrees
References
Department of Education, Mathematics 10, Learner’s Module,pp. 135 – 141,147, 150 – 151, 165

Department of Education, Mathematics 10, Teacher’s Guide,pp. 127 – 129, 131 – 132, 161

Barnes and Nobles “Geometry: Circles”, last modified, Sept. 1, 2020

https://www.sparknotes.com/math/geometry1/circles/section2/

Splash Learn 2020 Studypad Inc. “Circle”, last modified Aug. 29, 2020
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/geometry/circle

2020 MathsisFun.com “Circle”, last modified Aug. 30, 2020

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/circle.html

CK-12 Foundation 2020 “Arcs in Circle”, last modified Sept.1,2020 https://www.ck12.org/geometry/arcs-

in-circles/lesson/Arcs-in-Circles-GEOM/

2020 Math Goodies “Geometry and the Circle” last modified Sept.2, 2020
https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol2/geometry

2005, 2020 OnlineMathLearning.com “Angles and Intercepted Arcs”, last modified Sept. 2, 2020
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/arc-angles.html

Prepared by:
Patricio Francisco B. Sayson/ Lito P. Pineda/ Joselito C. Cabije
Anna L. Caisip/ Harriett P. Rivera/ Lovelyn P. Bautista/ Mary Cristine L. Dizon
Angeles City National High School

18
 MATHEMATICS 10

Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Theorems Related to Chords, Arcs, Central Angles, and Inscribed Angles

Name ____________________________ Week 3

Section _____________________ Date ____________

Background Information

What’s New
*Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs and Chords
Theorem 1: “In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding central
angles are congruent”

Ð AOB and ÐDOC are central angles of circle O.

If x = y, then the measure of AB = measure of DC.

Theorem 2: “In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent”

If segment OA = segment OB, then segment PQ = segment RS

If chords PQ and RS are equal, then the minor PQ and RS are

also equal.

Theorem 3: “In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and
only if it is perpendicular to the chord”.

If the diameter QO is perpendicular to segment RS, then it also

divides the chord and the arc into two equal parts(bisects).

Thus, ####
𝐏𝐑= ####
𝐏𝐒 and RQ = SQ.

2
*Theorems on Inscribed Angles
Theorem 4: “If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure of the angle equals one-half the measure of its
intercepted arc ( or the measure of the intercepted arc is twice the measure of the inscribed angle. ”

Ð ABC is an inscribed angle in the circle whose intercepted

arc is ADC. The theorem states that:

a. mÐ ABC = ½ of ADC and

b. m ADC = 2(mÐ ABC)

Theorem 5: “If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent arcs or
the same arc, then the angles are congruent.”

∠ x = ∠ y because they are subtended by

the same AEC.

Theorem 6: “If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a right
angle.”

POQ is the diameter.

∠PAQ, ∠PBQ, ∠PCQ are all right angles
because they intercept a semicircle.
∠PAQ = ∠PBQ = ∠PCQ = 90˚.

Theorem 7: “If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are supplementary”.

a and c; b and d are pairs of opposite angles of

the quadrilateral inscribed in the circle. The
theorem states that these opposite angles are
supplementary (add up to 1800)
Therefore, a+c = 1800 and b+d= 1800.

3
 What is It

For us to prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed
angles, we will be using a two-column proof.

A two-column proof consists of statements we want to prove to be true to arrive at a

conclusion, and the reasons based on mathematical facts already proven to justify why
those statements are true. The statements are in the left column and the reasons are in the
right column. The statements consists of steps toward solving the problem.

Example 1:

Given : ◉ E ≅ ◉ I

Ð SET≅ Ð BIG

Prove:

ST≅ BG

Statements Reasons
1.◉ E ≅ ◉ I 1.Given
Ð SET≅ Ð BIG
2. In circle E, m Ð SET = m ST 2.The degree measure of a minor arc is the
degree measure of the central angle which
In circle I, m Ð BIG = m BG
intercepts the arc.
3. m Ð SET=m Ð BIG 3.From 1, definition of congruent angles
4. m ST= m BG 4.From 2 and 3, substitution
5. ST≅ BG 5.From 4, definition of congruent arcs

Example 2:

Given: In ⦿ C, Ð GML intercepts semicircle GEL.

Prove: Ð GML is a right angle.

Statements Reasons
Ð GML intercepts semicircle GEL. Given
m GEL = 1800 The degree measure of a semicircle is 180.
m Ð GML = ½ m GEL The measure of an inscribed angle is one-half
the measure of its intercepted arc.
m Ð GML = ½ (1800) or m Ð GML = 900 Substitution
Ð GML is a right angle. Definition of right angle.

4
 What I need to know
Proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles ( M10GE-ll-d-1 )
General Instruction
Write your solutions and answers on a clean sheet of paper.

What I Know
1. Complete the two-column proof for the theorem on inscribed angle and its
intercepted arc

Given: Ð PQR inscribed in circle S and ####

𝑃𝑄 is a diameter.

Prove: m Ð PQR = ½ m PR

Draw segment RS and let m Ð PQR = x

Statements Reasons
Ð '''' is a diameter.
1. PQR is inscribed in circle S and 𝑃𝑄 Given
2. '''' ''''
𝑄𝑆 ≅ 𝑅𝑆
3. Δ QRS is an isosceles triangle. Definition of isosceles triangle
4. Ð PQR ≅ Ð QRS
5. m Ð PQR = m Ð QRS
6. m Ð QRS = x Transitive Property
7. m Ð PSR = 2x The measure of an exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles.
8. m Ð PSR = m PR
9. m PR = 2x Transitive Property

10.m PR = 2(m Ð PQR)

11. m Ð QRS = ½ m PR Multiplication Property of Equality
B. Apply the theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles to
solve for the unknown measure of the parts of each circle O:

a.m BA = ______ a.m BCA = ______ a.m CB = ______

b.m Ð BCA = ______ b. m Ð BCA = ______ b.m CA = ______
c. m Ð AOB = ______ c.m CAB = ______
d.m Ð AOC = ______
e.m Ð ABC = _______

5
 What’s In
Applying the theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles in solving
unknown measures in a circle:

Example 1. Given ÐBAC = 270, What is m BC and m Ð BOC?

a. m BC = 540 (see Theorem 4) the intercepted arc is twice the inscribed

angle
b. m Ð BOC = 540 Central angle is equal to its minor arc ( BC is 540 as solved in a.)
Example 2. Given a triangle inscribed in a circle, find x and y.
1. x = 90 (see Theorem 6) The angle is a right angle because the
intercepted arc is a semicircle measuring 1800.
2. y= 35 Knowing that the sum of all angles in a triangle is 1800,
y0 =1800 – (550+ x0)
y0 = 1800 – (550 + 900)
y0= 1800 – 1450 = 350

Example 3. Given the figure at the right, determine the measure of Ð FGH. Reflex
Ð FOH measures 2160 (given). This central angle is equal to its intercepted FH
(2160).

An inscribed angle subtended by the same arc is Ð FGH.

Therefore, the measure of Ð FGH is 108° which is one- half the
measure of its intercepted arc. (see theorem 4)

Example 4. Find the values of y and z in the given figure at the right.
z0 and Ð F are supplementary angles (see theorem 7)
the sum of the opposite angles of a quadrilateral
inscribed in a circle is 1800.
z0 + Ð F = 1800
z0 +800 = 1800
z0 = 1800 - 800
z0 = 1000
z= 100
y0 and Ð E are also opposite angles of the quadrilateral
which are supplementary
y0 + Ð E = 1800
y0 +1200 = 1800
y0 = 1800 - 1200
y0 = 600
y= 60

6
 What’s More

What I Can Do

The pentagram is a five-pointed star. It was used by the ancient

Greeks as a symbol of faith. What is the sum of the interior angles
of the vertices of a regular pentagram inscribed in a circle? Prove
your answer.

Assessment
A. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements involving theorems related
to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles:

1. In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints
if and only if it is ______________ to the chord.
2. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are ______________.
3. If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle then the angle is a __________
angle.
4. The measure of the intercepted arc is ________ the measure of the inscribed angle.
5. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding ____________are congruent.

B. Find the indicated measure/s for each circle O.

1.m Ð ABC = _______ 2. m Ð ABC = _____

7
3. 4. 5.

a. m ABC = ____ a. m BC = ____ a. m BC =_____

b. m BC = _____ b. m Ð BAC = ____ b. m Ð BAC = ____
c. m BA = _____ c. m BAC = ____

Additional activities

A.

B.

8
 Answer Key
What I Know:
A. Reasons
2. Radii of a circle are congruent.
4. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
5. The measures of congruent angles are equal.
8. The degree measure of a minor arc is the degree measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc.
10. Substitution
B. 1. a.m BA = 1100 2. a.m BCA = 1900 3.a.m CB = 1200 d.m Ð AOC = 600
b.m Ð BCA = 55 0
b. m Ð BCA = 850
b.m CA = 600
e.m Ð ABC = 300
c. m Ð AOB = 170 0
c.m CAB = 240 0

What’s More What I can Do

By the inscribed angle theorem,(see theorem 4)

the measure of an inscribed angle is half the
measure of a central angle that intercepts the same
arc. The central angles of a regular pentagram as
shown above intercept the entire circle. Therefore,
its angle measures add up to 360°.

Assessment The vertex angles, on the other hand, are inscribed

A.1.perpendicular B. 1. 600 angles as shown in the second image above.
Notice that if we add them up, they also intercept
2. supplementary 2. 200
the entire circle (Can you see why?). In effect, their
3. right 3. a.1800, b. 540, c. 1260 angle sum is half of 360°,which equals 180°.
4. twice 4. a. 1320, b. 660, c.2280
5. central angles/ chords 5. a.860, b. 430 Additional Activities
A. B.

References

Department of Education. Mathematics 10: Teacher’s Guide

Department of Education. Mathematics 10: Learner’s Module
2005, 2020 - OnlineMathLearning.com., Angles in a Circle Theorems, modified Sept. 3, 2020
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/angles-circle.html
Math and Multimedia, mathandmultmedia.com, Proof of the Angle Sum of a Pentagram,modified
Sept.3,2020 http://mathandmultimedia.com/2012/06/23/angle-sum-of-pentagram/
Ms.Ko’s website, Angles in Circles, modified Sept. 3,2020
http://mseko.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/9/9/14997226/20,anglesincirclesremedialworksheetpart2.doc
2020 studyres.com 2020 Angles and Arcs in a Circle, modified Sept.3,2020
https://studyres.com/doc/786656/11.1-11.2-angles-and-arcs-in-a-circle-name

Prepared by:

Patricio Francisco B. Sayson/ Lito P. Pineda/ Joselito C. Cabije

Anna L. Caisip/ Harriett P. Rivera/ Lovelyn P. Bautista/ Mary Cristine Tuazon
Angeles City National High School

9
 MATHEMATICS 10

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Sector and Segment of a Circle and Angles Formed by Secants and
Tangents
Name:____________________________ Week 4
Section:___________________________ Date ____________

What’s New
Camille is scanning a delivery app on her phone to look for the best pizza deal while
spending quarantine at home alone. She saw a pizza shop which sells pizza by slice. The
shop makes two different sizes of pizza – a 14-inch pizza which they cut into 60° slices and a
16-inch pizza which they cut into 45° slices. They sell a slice of each one for the same price.
Which do you think is the best deal for Camille?

In finding the best deal, we must consider these factors: the price and the size. But
since the pizza shop offers the same price for both, then we can already eliminate this factor
and work on the size of a pizza slice.

How much of a pizza is a 14-inch pizza which they cut into 60° slices? a 16-inch pizza
which they cut into 45° slices?

Measuring a pizza slice is like measuring the area of the sector of a circle, which will
be discussed further in this module. Let us measure each pizza slice by doing these steps.

*a 14-inch pizza which they cut into 60° *a 16-inch pizza which they cut into 45°
slices slices

Step 1: Identify the given and unknown Step 1: Identify the given and unknown
information. information.

𝑟 = 7 𝑖𝑛 , 𝜃 = 60* , 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 =? 𝑟 = 8 𝑖𝑛 , 𝜃 = 45* , 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 =?

Step 2: Substitute (plug in) the given Step 2: Substitute (plug in) the given
information and solve. information and solve.
60 45
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝜋(7)+ ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝜋(8)+ ∙
360 360
, ,
= 49𝜋 ∙ - = 64𝜋 ∙ 0
./ -.
= 𝜋 𝑖𝑛+ ≈ 25.64 𝑖𝑛+ = 𝜋 𝑜𝑟 8 𝜋 𝑖𝑛+ ≈ 25.12 𝑖𝑛+
- 0

Since the 14-inch pizza slice measures 25.64 𝑖𝑛+ and the 16-inch pizza slice measures
25.12 𝑖𝑛+ , then we can say that the 14-inch pizza slice is a better deal.

10
 What is It
PART I: SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
There are three main concepts that will be discussed in this part of module 4 namely
sector a circle, segment of a circle and arc length.
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to
the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of the sector of a circle, calculate the product of the
!"#$%&" () *+" ,-."/ #&0 1 -/ 2",&""$
area of the circle and the ratio of .
345
7
In symbol, 𝐴123456 = 𝜋𝑟 + ∙ 8-* where r is the radius and 𝜃 is the given arc.
Example 1: The radius of circle C is 10 cm. If 𝑚𝐴𝐵 L = 60, what is the area of the sector ACB?
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
𝑟 = 10 𝑐𝑚 , 𝜃 = 60* , 𝐴1234569:; =?
Step 2: Substitute (plug in) the given information and solve.
60
𝐴123456 9:; = 𝜋(10)+ ∙
360
1 100 50
= 100𝜋 ∙ = 𝜋= 𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ ≈ 78.5 𝑐𝑚+
6 6 2
On the other hand, a segment of a circle is the region bounded
by an arc and a chord. An example of a segment of a circle is shown at
the right. It is the region bounded by minor arc PQ and chord PQ.

To calculate the area of the segment of a circle, get the difference

of the area of the sector and the area of the triangle.

7 BC
In symbol, 𝐴12<=2>4 = 𝐴123456 − 𝐴46?@><A2 where 𝐴123456 = 𝜋𝑟 + ∙ 8-* and 𝐴46?@><A2 = +
.
Take note that the area of a triangle is half the product of its base (b) and height (h).

Example 2: The radius of circle C is 24 units. If the 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 120, find

the area of the shaded region.
Step 1: Find the area of the sector.
The givens are 𝑟 = 24 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 120* .
7
To solve for 𝐴1234569:; = 𝜋𝑟 + ∙ 8-*
120 1 576
= 𝜋(24)+ ∙ = 576𝜋 ∙ = 𝜋 = 192𝜋 ≈ 603.2 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
360 3 3

11

Step 2: Determine the area of the triangle.
To find the area of the triangle, the base and height must be identified
first. Draw an imaginary radius from center C to point D on the circle
which is perpendicular to AB. Then, calculate CE (height) and AE (half of
the base)

To compute for CE and AE, there are two common ways.

a) use the rule for special right triangle (30-60-90 triangle)
5DD51?42 1?E2
b) use SOH/CAH/TOA particularly 𝑠𝑖𝑛, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = CFD542>G12

For solution a, recall the formula or relationship of sides of special triangles as shown below.

Since ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 120* , 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 ∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 60* . The triangle inside will look like the figure below.

5DD51?42 1?E2
For solution b, calculate AE using 𝑠𝑖𝑛, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = CFD542>G12

𝐴𝐸
𝑠𝑖𝑛 60 =
24
24𝑠𝑖𝑛60 = 𝐴𝐸 multiply 24 both side (MPE)
𝐴𝐸 ≈ 20.8 (𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 12√3) simplify

5DD51?42 1?E2
Similarly, calculate CE using 𝑠𝑖𝑛, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = CFD542>G12

:H
𝑆𝑖𝑛 30 = +.
24𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 𝐶𝐸 multiply 24 both side (MPE)
𝐶𝐸 = 12 simplify

Now that base AB and height CE are obtained, the area of the triangle can now be calculated.
Since 𝑏 = 24√3 and ℎ = 12, then
BC I+.√8K(,+) +00√8
𝐴46?@><A2 = +
= +
= +
= 144√3 ≈ 249.4 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Step 3: Solve the area of the segment of the circle.

𝐴12<=2>4 = 𝐴123456 − 𝐴46?@><A2 = 603.2 − 249.4 = 353.8 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

12
 While sector and segment of a circle are related to area, arc length is related to
circumference of a circle. Take note that the degree measure of an arc is different to the arc
length. Arc’s degree refers to its angular measure while arc length refers to how long it is.
Hence, arc length is the measure of the distance along the curved line making up the arc. To
solve for the arc length, compute the product of the circumference of the given circle and the
=2@1G62 5N 4C2 <?O2> @63 7 ?> E2<6221
ratio of
8-*
7 P67
In symbol, 𝑙 = 2𝜋𝑟 ∙ 8-* or 𝑙 = in simplified form and where
,0*
𝑙 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝜃 = 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑐
Example 3: Central angle ACB measure 45o. If the radius of circle C is 6 cm, what is the length
of arc AB?
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
𝑟 = 12 𝑐𝑚, 𝜃 = 455 , 𝑙 =?
Step 2: Substitute (plug in) the given information and solve.
P67
𝑙= ,0*

P(,+)(.Q) Q.*P
𝑙= = = 3𝜋 ≈ 9.4 𝑐𝑚
,0* ,0*

PART II: ANGLES FORMED BY SECANTS AND TANGENTS

For this part of the module, theorems on angles formed by secants and tangents will
be presented and proved.

An angle inside a circle is formed when two chords or two

secants intersect inside the circle.

Theorem 8. If two secants (or two chords) intersect at the interior

(inside) of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is half the sum
of the measure of the intercepted arcs.
,
For the figure at the right, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 𝑜𝑟 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 L + 𝑚𝐵𝐶 L)
+
Proof
Given: Chords 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at E.
,
L + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = + (𝑚𝐴𝐷 L)

Statements Reasons
Draw 𝐶𝐷 Through any two points there is exactly one line.
𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 Exterior Angle Theorem
,
L and 𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = , 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = + 𝑚𝐴𝐷 L Measure of Inscribed Angle Theorem
+
1 1 Substitution Property
L + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 L
2 2
1 Distributive Property
L + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 L )
2

13
 L = 1855 and 𝐸𝑈
Example 4: In the figure below, 𝐶𝐷 L = 555 . Find the 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷.
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
L = 185, 𝑚𝐸𝑈
𝑚𝐶𝐷 L = 55 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed.

,
𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = (𝑚𝐸𝑈 L + 𝑚𝐶𝐷 L )
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

, ,
𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = + (55 + 185) = + (240) = 120

Example 5: In the given figure, ∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 705 and 𝑅𝑄 L = 755 . Calculate the 𝑚𝑆𝑁
L.
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
𝑚∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 70, 𝑚𝑅𝑄 L = 75 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑆𝑁
L =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed,

,
𝑚∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = (𝑚𝑅𝑄 L + 𝑚𝑆𝑁 L )
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

,
L)
70 = + (75 + 𝑚𝑆𝑁 substitute the given information (Substitution Property)
140 = 75 + 𝑚𝑆𝑁L multiply both sides by 2 (Multiplication property of equality)
140 − 75 = 𝑚𝑆𝑁L add -75 both sides (Addition property of equality)
L L
65 = 𝑚𝑆𝑁 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑆𝑁 = 65 simplify, and Symmetric Property

An angle is also formed on the circle (on its rim) when a secant
and tangent intersect. These two lines intersect at the point of tangency
on the circle.

Theorem 9: If a tangent and a secant (or chord) intersect at a point on

a circle, then the measures of each angle formed is one half of the
measure of its intercepted arc.
,
c and 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = , 𝑚𝐵𝐶
For the figure at the right, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝑃𝐶 L
+ +
Proof

Given: Tangent 𝐴𝐵⃡ and chord 𝐵𝐶 intersect at B.

,
c
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = + 𝑚𝐵𝑃𝐶

Statements Reasons
Draw 𝐵𝑃 intersecting point Q Through any two points there is exactly one line.
Let X be a point on the upper Definition of Circle
semicircle
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 + 𝑚∠𝑃𝐵𝐶 Angle Addition Postulate
1 When a line is tangent to a circle, it is perpendicular
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 90 = (180)
2 to the radius (diameter) at point of tangency
c
𝑚𝐵𝑋𝑃 = 180 Definition of Semicircle

14
 1 Substitution Property
c
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 𝑚𝐵𝑋𝑃
2
1 Measure of Inscribed Angle Theorem
L
𝑚∠𝑃𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐶𝑃
2
1 1 Substitution Property
c + 𝑚𝐶𝑃
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝑋𝑃 L
2 2
1 Distributive Property
c + 𝑚𝐶𝑃
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝑃 L )
2
1 Arc Addition Postulate
c
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝑃𝐶
2
Example 6: Find the 𝑚∠𝐽𝐾𝐿 in the given figure.
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
c = 190, 𝑚𝐽𝐾
𝑚𝐽𝑀𝐾 L = 360 − 190 = 170 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐽𝐾𝐿 =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed.

,
𝑚∠𝐽𝐾𝐿 = 𝑚𝐽𝐾 L
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

,
𝑚∠𝐽𝐾𝐿 = + (170) = 85

Lastly, an angle outside a circle is formed when two secants, two tangents or a secant
and a tangent intersect outside the circle.
Theorem 10: If two secants, two tangents or a secant and a tangent intersect at the exterior
(outside) of the circle, then the measure of the angle formed is one half the positive difference
of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

Two secants Two tangents A secant and a tangent

, , ,
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 = (𝑚𝐸𝐹L − 𝑚𝐺𝐻
L) c − 𝑚𝑁𝑀
𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = (𝑚𝑁𝑃𝑀 L) 𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = (𝑚𝑅𝑆 L − 𝑚𝑅𝑇L)
+ + +
Proof for the Case of Two Secants
nnnnn⃗ and 𝐷𝐹
Given: Secants 𝐷𝐸 nnnnn⃗ intersect at D.

,
L − 𝑚𝐺𝐻
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 = + (𝑚𝐸𝐹 L)

Statements Reasons
Draw 𝐸𝐻 Through any two points there is exactly one line.
𝑚∠𝐸𝐻𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 + 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐻 Exterior Angle Theorem
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐻𝐹 − 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐻 Addition Property of Equality
,
L and 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐻 = , 𝑚𝐺𝐻
𝑚∠𝐸𝐻𝐹 = + 𝑚𝐸𝐹 L Measure of Inscribed Angle Theorem
+
1 1 Substitution Property
L − 𝑚𝐺𝐻
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 = 𝑚𝐸𝐹 L
2 2
1 Distributive Property
L − 𝑚𝐺𝐻
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 = (𝑚𝐸𝐹 L )
2

15
 L = 1555 and 𝐸𝐶
Example 7: In given figure, 𝑈𝐵 L = 635 . Calculate the𝑚∠𝑈𝐷𝐵
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
𝑚𝑈𝐵L = 155, 𝑚𝐸𝐶 L = 63 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝑈𝐷𝐵 =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed.

,
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐵 = (𝑚𝑈𝐵 L − 𝑚𝐸𝐶 L )
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

, ,
𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐵 = + (155 − 63) = + (92) = 46

Proof for the Case of Two Tangents

Given: Tangents nnnnnn⃗
𝐿𝑀 and nnnnn⃗
𝐿𝑁 intersect at L.

,
c − 𝑚𝑁𝑀
Prove: 𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = + (𝑚𝑁𝑃𝑀 L)

Statements Reasons
Draw 𝑀𝑁 Through any two points there is exactly one
line.
𝑚∠𝑀𝑁𝐾 = 𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝑁 Exterior Angle Theorem
𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = 𝑚∠𝑀𝑁𝐾 − 𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝑁 Addition Property of Equality
,
c and 𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝑁 = , 𝑚𝑁𝑀
𝑚∠𝑀𝑁𝐾 = 𝑚𝑁𝑃𝑀 L Theorem 9 of angle formed by secant and
+ +
tangent on the circle
1 1 Substitution Property
c − 𝑚𝑁𝑀
𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = 𝑚𝑁𝑃𝑀 L
2 2
1 Distributive Property
c − 𝑚𝑁𝑀
𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = (𝑚𝑁𝑃𝑀 L )
2

Example 8: In the given figure, find 𝑚∠𝑆𝑅𝑄 when 𝑚𝑆𝑇𝑄 L = 245.

Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
L = 245, 𝑚𝑆𝑄
𝑚𝑆𝑇𝑄 L = 360 − 245 = 115 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝑆𝑅𝑄 =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed.

,
𝑚∠𝑆𝑅𝑄 = (𝑚𝑆𝑇𝑄 L − 𝑚𝑆𝑄 L )
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

, ,
𝑚∠𝑆𝑅𝑄 = + (245 − 115) = + (130) = 65

16
Proof for the Case of a Secant and a Tangent
nnnnn⃗ and tangent 𝑄𝑅
Given: Secant 𝑄𝑆 nnnnn⃗ intersect at Q.

,
L − 𝑚𝑅𝑇
Prove: 𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = + (𝑚𝑅𝑆 L)

Statements Reasons
Draw 𝑅𝑇 Through any two points there is exactly one
line.
𝑚∠𝑅𝑇𝑆 = 𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑇 Exterior Angle Theorem
𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = 𝑚∠𝑅𝑇𝑆 − 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑇 Addition Property of Equality
, Measure of Inscribed Angle Theorem
L
𝑚∠𝑅𝑇𝑆 = 𝑚𝑅𝑆
+
1 Theorem 9 on angle formed by secant and
L
𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑇 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇
2 tangent on the circle
1 1 Substitution Property
L − 𝑚𝑅𝑇
𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = 𝑚𝑅𝑆 L
2 2
1 Distributive Property
L − 𝑚𝑅𝑇
𝑚∠𝑅𝑄𝑆 = (𝑚𝑅𝑆 L )
2

Example 9: In the given figure, ∠𝑇𝑅𝑄 = 385 and 𝑆𝑄 L = 1045 . What is the 𝑚𝑇𝑄
L?
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown information.
𝑚∠𝑇𝑅𝑄 = 38, 𝑚𝑆𝑄 L = 104 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑇𝑄L =?

Step 2: Write the equation of the angle formed.

,
𝑚∠𝑇𝑅𝑄 = (𝑚𝑇𝑄 L − 𝑚𝑆𝑄 L )
+

Step 3: Substitute the given information and solve.

,
L − 104)
38 = + (𝑚𝑇𝑄 substitute the given information (Substitution Property)
76 = 𝑚𝑇𝑄L − 104 multiple both sides by 2 (Multiplication property of equality)
76 + 104 = 𝑚𝑇𝑄L Add 104 both sides (Addition property of equality)
180 = 𝑚𝑇𝑄L 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑇𝑄
L = 180 simplify then Symmetric Property

What I need to know

Illustrate secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle (M10GE-IIe-1)

Prove theorems on secants, tangents, and segments (M10GE-IIe-f-1)
Solve problems on circle (M10GE-IIf-2)

General Instruction
Write your solutions and answer on a clean sheet of paper.

17
 What I Know
This part of the module aims to check what you already learned about the lesson.
Encircle the letter that corresponds of the correct answer.
1. Compute for the area of L.
2. Find the length of 𝐴𝐵
the given sector.
8+ .
A. 𝜋 B. 𝜋 A. 4.5m B. 6.3m
8 8

, ,
C. 𝜋 D. 𝜋 C. 7.9m D. 11.8m
- 8

3. How many square units 4. The radius of a circle is 18 cm. Find the
is the area bounded by 𝑀𝑁 area of the sector if the length of the
and 𝑀𝑁L? intercepted arc is 9𝜋 cm.

A. 11.1 B. 5.5 A. 18𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ B. 40𝜋 𝑐𝑚+

C. 6.6 D. 3.3 C. 48𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ D. 81𝜋 𝑐𝑚+

5. Determine the measure of ∠𝐾𝐿𝑀. 6. What is the measure

o of ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄?
A. 130 B. 65 o
o
o o A. 123 B. 70 o
C. 115 D. 230
o
C. 106 D. 53 o

7. Calculate the 𝑚∠𝑁𝐿𝐾. 8. Find the measure

of ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷.
A. 68 o B. 34o
A. 40o B. 60o
C. 64.5o D. 30.5o

C. 120o D. 240o

9. A pizza shop sells pizza by the slice. They 10. A secant and a tangent form an angle A
make two different size of pizza: a 12-inch outside circle O. The intercepted arcs have
pizza which they cut into 60-degree slices measures of 190° and (x + 20)o. If angle A
and a 14-inch pizza which they cut into 45- has a measure of 50°, what is the measure
degree slices. They sell a slice of each for of the arc of the circle not intercepted by the
the same price. Which is better deal? secant and tangent?

A. the slice of 12-inch pizza A. 210o B. 120o

B. the slice of 14-inch pizza C. 80o D. 30o

C. both A and B

D. neither A nor B

18
 What’s In
This part of the module helps you recall your previous knowledge on circle and work
on your current understanding of the lessons in this module.
I. True or False. Write TRUE if the given statement is true, otherwise write FALSE.
________1. Every chord is a diameter.
________2. The intersection of two diameters is the center of the circle.
________3. The measure of an inscribed angle is twice the measure of its intercepted arc.
________4. When two tangents intersect at the exterior of a circle, the intercepted arcs
complete a circle.
II. Refer to the given figure below then match column B with column A.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

_______5. ∠𝑀𝐴𝐺 A. Chord

_______6. 𝐻𝑀⃡ B. Diameter

L
_______7. 𝐾𝐽 C. Secant

c
_______8. 𝐿𝑀𝐻 D. Minor Arc

E. Major Arc

F. Central Angle

G. Semi-Circle

II. Calculate the unknown measurements

L =________
9) 𝑚𝐵𝐶 L =________
11) 𝑚𝐴𝑂

10) 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 =______ L =________

12) 𝑚𝑂𝐺

13) 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴 =_______ 15) 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 =_________

14) 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼 =________ 16) 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 =_________

H
L =________
17) 𝑚𝐽𝐻𝐿 19) 𝐴123456 =_________

18) 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝐽 =_______ 20) Arc length=_______

19
 What’s More
This part of the module helps you solidify your understanding and skills in solving
problems related to circle.

Identify which solution and answer is correct

Problems JC’s Solution Maia’s Solution

A. Find the 180 90

𝐴123456 = 𝜋(10)+ ∙ 𝐴123456 = 𝜋(10)+ ∙
area of the 360 360
shaded 1 1
= 100𝜋 ∙ = 50𝜋 ≈ 157.1 = 100𝜋 ∙ = 25𝜋 ≈ 78.5
region. 2 4
1 1
𝐴46?@><A2 = (10)(10) = 50 𝐴46?@><A2 = (10)(10) = 50
2 2
𝐴12<=2>4 = 157.1 − 50 𝐴12<=2>4 = 78.5 − 50
𝐴12<=2>4 ≈ 107.1 sq. units 𝐴12<=2>4 ≈ 28.5 sq. units
Correct Answer: _________
B. The radius of a circle is 10 𝜃 𝜃
8𝜋 = 𝜋(10) ∙ 8𝜋 = 𝜋(10) ∙
cm. Find the area of the 180 360
sector if the length of the 𝜋𝜃 𝜋𝜃
8𝜋 = , 𝜃 = 1445 8𝜋 = , 𝜃 = 2885
intercepted arc is 8𝜋 cm. 18 36
144 2 288 4
𝐴 = 𝜋(10)+ ∙ = 100𝜋 ∙ 𝐴 = 𝜋(10)+ ∙ = 100𝜋 ∙
360 5 360 5
Correct Answer: _________ 𝐴 = 40𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ 𝐴 = 80𝜋 𝑐𝑚+
C. Calculate 𝑚∠𝐺𝐸𝐷. 1 1
2𝑥 + 14 = (6 + 14𝑥 − 58) 2𝑥 + 14 = (6 + 14𝑥 + 58)
2 2
4𝑥 + 28 = 14𝑥 − 52 4𝑥 + 28 = 14𝑥 + 64
28 + 52 = 14𝑥 − 4𝑥 28 + 64 = 14𝑥 + 4𝑥
10𝑥 = 80 18𝑥 = 92
𝑥 = 8 𝑥 = 5.1
∠𝐺𝐸𝐷 = 2(8) + 14 = 305 ∠𝐺𝐸𝐷 = 2(5.1) + 14 = 24.25

Correct Answer: _________

D. Compute for 𝑚𝐶𝐺L when 1 1
120 = (6𝑥 + 5 − 4𝑥 + 15) 120 = (6𝑥 + 5 + 4𝑥 + 15)
U
𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝑅 = 120, 𝑚𝐶𝐺 = 6𝑥 + 5 2 2
L = 4𝑥 + 15. 1 240 = 10𝑥 + 20
and 𝑚𝐴𝑅 120 = (2𝑥 + 20)
2 240 − 20 = 10𝑥
120 = 4𝑥 + 40 10𝑥 = 220
120 − 40 = 4𝑥 𝑥 = 22
4𝑥 = 80 L
𝐶𝐺 = 6(22) + 5 = 1375
𝑥 = 20
L
𝐶𝐺 = 6(20) + 5 = 1255

Correct Answer: _________

20
 What I Can Do

Solve the following problems.

1. Ms. Pacman has a radius of 2 cm. Her whole body formed a
300-degree angle. How many square centimeters does her
body have?
2. You eat two slices of a 14-inch pizza which
have a total of 34 square inches. At what
angle were the pizza slices cut? Round your
answer to the nearest whole number.

3. From the main entrance of a park, there

are two pathways where visitors can walk
along going to the circular garden. The
pathways are both tangent to the circular
garden. If the pathways formed a 20-degree
angle and the radius of the garden is 9 m,
a. what is the degree measure of the smaller intercepted arc?
b. how long is the larger intercepted arc?

Assessment
This part of the module aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competencies.

Encircle the letter that corresponds of the correct answer.

1. Compute for the area L.

2. Find the length of 𝐴𝐵
of the given sector.
A. 9𝜋 units B. 8 𝜋 units
A. 294𝜋 B. 147𝜋
C. 7 𝜋 units D. 6 𝜋 units
C. 63𝜋 D. 14𝜋

3. How many square units 4. The radius of a circle is 4 cm. Find the
is the area bounded by area of the sector if the length of the
L?
𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵 intercepted arc is 2𝜋 cm.

A. 13.0 B. 11.1 A. 𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ B. 4𝜋 𝑐𝑚+

C. 8.0 D. 6.6 C. 6𝜋 𝑐𝑚+ D. 8𝜋 𝑐𝑚+

5. Determine the 6. What is the measure

measure of ∠𝑆𝑅𝑄. of ∠𝐾𝑀𝐿?

A. 36o B. 46 o A. 85o B. 75o

C. 73o D. 146o C. 65o D. 20o

21
 7. Calculate the 𝑚∠𝑉𝑈𝑇. 8. Find the measure
of ∠𝑃𝑄𝑆.
A. 55o B. 62.5o
A. 40o B. 60o
C. 17.5o D. 235o
C. 120o D. 240o

9. A pizza shop sells pizza by the slice. They 10. Two tangents form an angle A outside
make two different size of pizza: a 14-inch circle O. The intercepted arcs have
pizza which they cut into 60-degree slices measures of (37x+5)o and (23x-5)o. If angle
and a 17-inch pizza which they cut into 40- A has a measure of (5x+17)°, what is the
degree slices. They sell a slice of each for measure of larger intercepted arc?
the same price. Which is better deal?
A. 47o B. 133o
A. the slice of 14-inch pizza
B. the slice of 18-inch pizza C. 210o D. 227o
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B

Additional Activities
This part of the module provides you a supplementary activity to enhance your
knowledge and skill of the lessons learned.

1. Find the area of the 2. Compute the

shaded region. area of the shaded
region.

3. Calculate the length L.

4. Solve for 𝑚𝐹𝐺
L.
of arc 𝐴𝐵

5. Determine the 6. Find the

L.
measure of 𝑉𝑊 measure of
∠𝑁𝑉𝑇,

7. Solve for x. 8. Compute for

the measure of
∠𝐸𝐷𝐶.

22
 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What’s More What I Can Do

,*
1. A 1. FALSE A. Maia 1.
8
𝜋 ≈ 10.5 𝑐𝑚+
2. C 2. TRUE B. JC
3. D 3. FALSE C. JC 2. ≈ 405
4. D 4. TRUE D. Maia 3.a. 160o
5. B 5. F
6. A 6. C 3.b. 8𝜋 𝑐𝑚 ≈ 25.1 𝑐𝑚
Assessment
7. B 7. D
8. B 8. G 1. B
9. B 9. 90° 2. D Additional Activities
10. C 10. 45° 3. A
11. 150° 1. 36 𝜋 ≈ 113.1
4. B
12. 50° 5. C sq. units
13. 105° 6. B 2. 49.8 cm2
QP
14. 82° 7. A 3. 8 ≈ 5.2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
15. 90° 8. A 4. 128°
16. 20° 9. A 5. 120°
17. 250° 10. D 6. 30°
18. 70° 7. x = 8
0P
19. 8 ≈ 8.4 𝑐𝑚+ 8. 50°
.P
20. ≈ 4.2 𝑐𝑚
8

References
Department of Education, Mathematics 10, Learner’s Module pp. 147-149, 185-190

Greenberg, D., Jordan, L., Gloag, A., Cifarelli, V., Sconyers, J., & Zahner, B. Angles Outside
a Circle. Last Modified on November 20, 2019. https://www.ck12.org/geometry/angles-
outside-a-circle/lesson/Angles-Outside-a-Circle-BSC-GEOM/.
Welcome to Jim Wilson's Home Page/Server! Jim Wilson's Home Page. Accessed on
September 12, 2020. http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/.
Word Lesson: Circles - Angles from Secants and Tangents. Accessed on September 12,
2020.http://www.algebralab.org/lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Geometry_WORD-
CircleSecantTangentAngles.xml.
Prepared by:
Patricio Francisco B. Sayson/ Lito P. Pineda/ Joselito C. Cabije
Anna L. Caisip/ Harriett P. Rivera/ Lovelyn P. Bautista/ Mary Cristine L. Dizon
Angeles City National High School

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