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Grade 10 Mathematics Relations Among Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and Inscribed Angles

This document defines key terms related to circles such as chord, diameter, radius, tangent, secant, arc, central angle, and inscribed angle. It then discusses the relationships between these terms including: [1] the intercepted arc theorem which states the measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc; [2] inscribed angle theorems which relate inscribed angles to their intercepted arcs; and [3] properties of congruent circles, arcs, and chords.

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Marieanne Santos
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2K views5 pages

Grade 10 Mathematics Relations Among Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and Inscribed Angles

This document defines key terms related to circles such as chord, diameter, radius, tangent, secant, arc, central angle, and inscribed angle. It then discusses the relationships between these terms including: [1] the intercepted arc theorem which states the measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc; [2] inscribed angle theorems which relate inscribed angles to their intercepted arcs; and [3] properties of congruent circles, arcs, and chords.

Uploaded by

Marieanne Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 10 Mathematics

Relations among Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and Inscribed


Angles

Circle - is a set of all points with the same distance


from a fixed point called the center. The center is
used to name a circle. (eg. circle A or ⊙A)

Chord - is a line segment that has its endpoints on


the circle. (Example: BE, DE, CE)

Diameter - is a chord that passes through the


center of the circle. It is the longest chord of a circle
and its length is twice as long as its radius.
(Example: CE)

Radius - is a segment whose endpoints are the


center and a point on the circle. It is the distance from the center to any point on the circle.
(Example: AC, AE, AD)

Tangent - is a line, a segment, or a ray that intersects a circle at exactly one point, and the
point of intersection is called the point of tangency.
(Example: Line F with point B as the point of tangency)

Secant is a line, a segment, or a ray that intersects a circle at exactly two points.
(Example: DE, DE, DE)

Arc - is defined as the part or segment of the circumference of a circle. Arcs can be classified as
minor, semicircle, and major. The symbol ( ̂ ) is used to denote an arc. The following are the
description of:
• Semicircle
o An arc which is 𝑜𝑛𝑒- ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 of a circle
o It measures exactly 180°.
o It is named using three points. (The first and the third points are the endpoints of
the diameter and the middle point is any point of the arc between the endpoints.)
o In cases where there are only two points given on a circle, the semicircle is named
using the two points.

• Minor Arc
o It is less than a semicircle.
o Its measure is between 0° and 180°.
o It is named using the two endpoints of the arc.

• Major Arc
o It is greater than a semicircle.
o It measures between 180° and 360°.
o It is named using three points. (The first and the third are the endpoints and
the middle point is any point on the arc between the endpoints.)

Central Angle
Central Angle - is an angle formed by two radii
and its vertex is the center of the circle.

Sum of Central Angles


- The sum of the measures of the
central angles of a circle with no
common interior points is 360°.

Intercepted Arc Theorem: The measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of
the intercepted arc.
Intercepted arc is a section of the circumference of a circle.
It is encased on either side by two different chords or line
segments that meet at one point, called a vertex, on the other
side of the circle or in the center of the circle.

Example:
If angle E is 80o, then the arc intercepted by the angle will
also be 80o.

Inscribed Angle
Inscribed Angle - is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain chords.
Inscribed Angle Theorem 1: Inscribed angle is equivalent to ½ the measure of the
intercepted arc.

Inscribed Angle = ½ Intercepted Arc

Inscribed Angle Theorem 2: If two or more inscribed


angles of a circle intercept the same arc, then the angles are
congruent.

Red = Blue = Green = ½ Intercepted Arc

Inscribed Angle Theorem 3: Inscribed angle in a


Semicircle is 90o.

Example: The arc intercepted by A measures 180o.


Therefore, using Theorem 1,

A = ½(180)
A = 90o

Inscribed Angle Theorem 4: If a quadrilateral is


inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are
supplementary.

Supplementary Angles are two angles whose sum is


180o.

Example: Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in ⊙E, then

∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180o and,

∠DAB + ∠DCB = 180o


Congruent Circles and Arcs

• Two arcs that have the same


measure are not necessarily
congruent arcs.

• Two arcs are


congruent whenever
they have the same
measure and are
parts of the same
circles or congruent
circles.

• Circles are considered


congruent if their radii
are congruent.
Example:

AB is a radius of circle A, XY is a
radius of circle X,

If AB  XY, then circle A  circle


X.

• Arcs of the same


circle or of congruent
circles with equal
measures. (Congruent
Arcs)

Example:
In Circle E, arc AB  arc BC.

If circle E  circle Z, then arc AD  arc XY and arc BC  arc XY.

Arcs and Chords

• Congruent arcs have


congruent chords
• Congruent chords have
congruent arcs
Example:

If arc AB  arc XY, then AB  XY.

If AB  XY, then arc AB  arc XY.

Diameter and Chord

• If a diameter (or a radius) is


perpendicular to a chord, it
bisects the chord and its arc
with the same endpoints.
Example:

In circle C, AR is the diameter and FT is a


chord. If AR ⊥ FT, then FY  YT and FR  RT.

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