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Unit Iii Guide Questions

The document discusses the goals and origins of key Philippine nationalist movements in the late 19th century that aimed to promote reforms and rights for Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. Specifically, it covers the Propaganda Movement led by Filipino expatriates in Europe, including José Rizal, and their goals of uniting the country, protecting members, fighting injustice, and achieving equality and recognition for the Philippines. Masonic lodges played an important role in supporting these reform efforts. Ultimately, the movements failed to achieve their goals due to resistance from Spain and the Catholic Church and a lack of unity among reformists.

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397 views4 pages

Unit Iii Guide Questions

The document discusses the goals and origins of key Philippine nationalist movements in the late 19th century that aimed to promote reforms and rights for Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. Specifically, it covers the Propaganda Movement led by Filipino expatriates in Europe, including José Rizal, and their goals of uniting the country, protecting members, fighting injustice, and achieving equality and recognition for the Philippines. Masonic lodges played an important role in supporting these reform efforts. Ultimately, the movements failed to achieve their goals due to resistance from Spain and the Catholic Church and a lack of unity among reformists.

Uploaded by

Ivan Matthew Superio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUPERIO, IVAN MATTHEW R.

BSN 3B 10/06/2021

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What are the goals of the La Liga Filipina, Circulo Hispano-Filipino and La Solidaridad?

After the Cavite Mutiny on 1872, the condition of the Filipino worsens. This is because the
Spanish government continuously abuse their powers against them. The middle class
Filipinos go to other countries to continue their studies. There, they set up a group and
unite to fight for the Filipino rights. They begin to lunch a peaceful campaign to ask for a
reform and change in the government system from Spain. This group becomes
the “Kilusang Propaganda” or “Propaganda Movement”. The members were
called Reformists.La Liga Filipina had no intention of rising up in arms against the
government; but the Spanish officials still felt threatened.

Collectively, they all aimed to:

 Unite the whole country


 Protect and assist all members
 Fight violence and injustice
 Support education
 Study and implement reforms
 Equality amongst the Filipino and Spaniards
 To recognize the Philippines as a province of

2. How did the Propaganda Movement evolved/emerged in the Philippines?

Propaganda Movement, reform and national consciousness movement that arose among


young Filipino expatriates in the late 19th century. Although its adherents expressed loyalty
to the Spanish colonial government, Spanish authorities harshly repressed the movement
and executed its most prominent member, José Rizal. In 1888 Filipino expatriate
journalist Graciano López Jaena founded the newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona.
Throughout its course, La Solidaridad urged reforms in both religion and government in the
Philippines, and it served as the voice of what became known as
the Propaganda Movement. One of the foremost contributors to La Solidaridad was
the precocious José Rizal y Mercado. Rizal wrote two political novels— Noli me
tangere (1887; Touch Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had
a wide impact in the Philippines. López Jaena, Rizal, and journalist Marcelo del Pilar
emerged as the three leading figures of the Propaganda Movement, and magazines, poetry,
and pamphleteering flourished.

3. What were the major reforms sought by the propagandists?


SUPERIO, IVAN MATTHEW R. BSN 3B 10/06/2021

 Reinstating the former representation of the Philippines in the Cortes


Generales or Spanish Parliament
 Secularization of the clergy (i.e. usage of secular or diocesan priest rather from a
religious order
 Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality
 Reestablishment of Spanish citizenship for Filipinos
 Reestablishment of the Philippines as a province of Spain[6]
 Abolition of polo y servicios (labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of local
products to the government)
 Guarantee of basic freedoms
 Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service

4. What is relevance of masonry in the promotion of the 19th century nationalist


movement in the Philippines?
Masonry played a very crucial role in the Propaganda Movement. Filipino reformists based
on Spain joined Masonry owing to their hatred of the friars interface in the political, social
and economic life of the country. Graciano Lopez-Jaena founded lodge Revolucionon April
1, 1889, in Barcelona, Spain, which became the focal point of reform activities in Europe
and was tasked in maintaining the unity of the reformist. This Masonic lodge, however
died its natural death when Jaena resigned as its Worship Master on November 29 of the
same year.With the dissolution of lodge Revolucion, Marcelo del Pilar with Julio Llorente
founded the lodge La Solidaridad in Madrid. Llorente acted as the Worship Master. Since
many Filipino expatriates joined the lodge , the leading masons thought of establishing
Masonic lodge in the Philippines. Antonio Luna and Pedro Serrano Laktaw were enjoined
to carry out the task. On January 6, 1891, lodge Niladwas organized and recognize a year
later by the Gran Oriente Espanol, the mother lodge

5. Is the propaganda movement a failure or a success? Why?

The propaganda movement did not succeed in its pursuit of reforms. The colonial
government did not agree to any of its demands. Spain itself was undergoing a lot of
internal problems all that time, which could explain why the mother country failed to
heed the Filipino’s petitions. The friars, on the other hand, were at the height of their
power and displayed even more arrogance in flaunting their influence. They had neither
the time nor the desire to listen to the voice of the people.

Many of the reformists showed a deep love for their country, although they still failed to
maintain a united front. Because most of them belonged to the upper middle class, they
had to exercise caution in order to safeguard their wealth and other private interests.
Personal differences and petty quarrels, apart from the lack of funds, were also a
hindrance to the movements success. Lastly, no other strong and charismatic leader
emerged from the group aside from Jose Rizal. 

5. Is there a continuity between the Katipunan and the Propaganda movement? If yes,
why? If no, why not?
SUPERIO, IVAN MATTHEW R. BSN 3B 10/06/2021

Yes. I believe that any true blooded Filipinos will always speak for what’s right. In
today’s generation, there will never be a perfect kind of unity for Filipinos.  All of us will
have different political persuasions, creeds and even cultural identities.  But highlighting
only these differences and using these to further divide us through a rhetoric of hate
and disinformation can only lead to the failure of Nationhood. Rizal and our heroes
showed us to fight the ills of society, but not fight with each other, Filipinos against
Filipinos.  Rizal demonstrated to us that that we can use our talents, our thoughts and
our simple efforts to foster a healthy unity and to make us understand each other
more.  In the time of social media, we actually need to heed this lesson more than ever.

REFERENCES:

Charleston, M. (2018, December 30). 9 Rizalian examples for today’s Filipinos. ABS-CBN News;

ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/ancx/culture/spotlight/12/30/18/9-rizalian-

examples-for-todays-filipinos

La Solidaridad & La Liga Filipina. (2020). Philippine-History.org. https://www.philippine-

history.org/la-solidaridad.htm

‌Propaganda Movement | Facts, Definition, & History | Britannica. (2021). In Encyclopædia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propaganda-Movement

‌The Filipino Propaganda Movement. (2016). Expertscolumn.com.

http://worldfactsandknowledge.expertscolumn.com/article/filipino-propaganda-movement

‌
SUPERIO, IVAN MATTHEW R. BSN 3B 10/06/2021

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