SELF LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: Basic Calculus Grade Level: 11 Semester: Second Quarter: 4 Week: 1

Most Essential Learning Competency/ies (MELC):
• illustrate an antiderivative of a function Code: STEM_BC11I-IVa1
• compute the general antiderivative of polynomial, Code: STEM_BC11I-Iva-b1
radical, exponential, and trigonometric functions

A. Reading/ Discussions:
INTEGRATION
ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION

In the previous module, we learned how to find the derivatives of different functions. Now, we will
introduce the inverse of differentiation. We shall call this process antidifferentiation.

Definition:
𝐴 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝒇 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑰 𝑖𝑓 𝑭′ (𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝒙 𝑖𝑛 𝑰.
ANTIDERIVATIVES OR INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
Example 1:
a) The Antiderivative of the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 is 𝐹(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 . As we can see,
the derivative of 𝐹 is given by 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 4(3)𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
b) ) An antiderivative of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 is 𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 because 𝐺’(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥).
𝑹𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌 𝟏: 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑭 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒆.

Example 2:
a) The other antiderivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 are 𝑭𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 and
𝑭𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏. In fact, any function of the form 𝑭𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪, where 𝐶𝜖ℝ is
an antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥).Observe that 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 4(3)𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 0 = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
b) ) The other antiderivative of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 are 𝐺1 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝜋 and
𝐺2 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝜋. In fact, any function 𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶, where 𝐶𝜖ℝ is an antiderivative
of 𝑔(𝑥).
𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤 𝟐: 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐦 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞, 𝐰𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐟 𝐅𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝟐 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬
𝐨𝐟 𝐟, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐅𝟐 (𝐱) = 𝐅𝟏 (𝐱) + 𝐂. 𝐓𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬, 𝐅𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝟐 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭.

1
 ANTIDERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
Theorems on Antidifferentiation
1.
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 ≠ −1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑛
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶.
𝑛+1
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
∫ 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 .
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙,
∫[𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
ANTIDERIVATIVES OF FUNCTIONS YIELDING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS AND
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
5.
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
6. 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑎 > 0 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 ≠ 1.
𝑥
𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
ln 𝑎
7.
1
∫ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln |𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥
ANTIDERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
8. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
9. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
10. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
11. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶
12. ∫ sec 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
13. ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
EXAMPLES
1. Determine the antiderivatives of the following:
a. ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
Solution:
∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 3(𝑥) + 𝐶 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 3&1
b. ∫ 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
𝑥 6+1 𝑥7
∫ 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 = +𝐶 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 2
6+1 7
c. ∫ 𝑡(2𝑡 − 3√𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
Solution:
1 2 3
∫ 𝑡(2𝑡 − 3√𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫[2𝑡(𝑡) − 3√𝑡 (𝑡)] 𝑑𝑡 = ∫[2𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 2 𝑡 2 ] 𝑑𝑡 = ∫[2𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 2 ] 𝑑𝑡
3+2 5 5
3 3 𝑡 2+1 𝑡 2 2𝑡 3 𝑡2 2𝑡 3 6𝑡 2
∫ 2𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 − 3 ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 =2 −3 +𝐶 = −3 +𝐶 = − +𝐶
2+1 3 2 3 5 3 5
+
2 2 2

2
2. Find the integrals of the following functions.
a. ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
Solution:
∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 4
𝑥
2
= 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐1 + + 𝑐2 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 5&6
ln 2
2𝑥
∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + +𝐶
ln 2
2
b. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
2 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ = 2(ln |𝑥|) + 𝐶 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 3&7
𝑥 𝑥
3. Solve for the antiderivative of the following functions.
a. ∫ (tan 𝑣) 2 𝑑𝑣 Recall:
Solution:
Pythagorean Identities
2 2 2
∫ (tan 𝑣) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑣 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 4 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 − 1

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1
= tan 𝑣 + 𝑐1 − 𝑣 + 𝑐2 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 1& 10

∫ (tan 𝑣) 2 𝑑𝑣 = tan 𝑣 − 𝑣 + 𝐶

b. ∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Solution:
∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 4

= sin 𝑥 + 𝐶1 − (− cos 𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 8&9

∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

Reciprocal Identities
sin 𝑥 1
c. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
Solution:
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∗ 𝑑𝑥 csc 𝑥 =
2 sin 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ∗ cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
sin 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥
∫ ∗ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 tan 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 12 cot 𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥

3
B. EXERCISE

I. Find antiderivative of the following functions. (5 points each)

4
1. ∫ √𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
3
2. ∫ ( 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑤 3 +𝑤 2 +𝑤
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑤
𝑤3
𝑡+1
4. ∫ 3 𝑑𝑡
5. ∫(2𝑒 𝑥 + 4𝑥)𝑑𝑥
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
1
7. ∫ 𝑑𝑦
sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦

References:

Patricia B. Licuanan, Ph.D., et. al. (2016). TEACHING GUIDE FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL BASIC
CALCULUS. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education.

Prepared by:

NIÑA MAE B. WAGAS NOEL F. MONDARES

Special Science Teacher 1 Special Science Teacher 1