Pege No.

Date:

GaROUP-2 ELEMENTS
ALLalin ealjh_mial2

Bexylium Be) ThegeaTe_cal|ad

Magnesivm (y] allcalLine_22h
Calciuam (Ca)
Stronvm ( SyY alkalint [bezj
Barium (Ba natie_nd
ladium (Ra

The qeMLA eAechrn

Coniyutation is os2 aNol ge4lnz
HeX D 2 o7
Elesmea tomi1C JetTonic
numbe Contigurafon
2+y:4 H2s2
M 12 [N 7 3s2
TAr7 4g2
Ca 20
S1 38 E7] 53
56
TTenjts
atncaal Tiesdg in atnm ane
hysIe pIepeAHËg_

1 Atoicad onic Radii

The atomic
af_weA a4_nÍL adii ot hig memhEr
ae_SmalleT fhmhE_COIEZ PpNijDg
memher bsaALMmenlg
 Page No.
Dale:

keaso):
Ihe alkaline_eat menlg have 4
highunucear Charge due toWhihTC-
LAeANTg AM_ma gtong1Y_alt0d
toNa Fh_nuckugCauging a deCIYY
L atmic gize
iin Ioy_atom_ana
A0mi adi iMÉZgG wthJmLIOL-
i u miLMmber

2 Ionization Enthalpieg 2
ALLaLin eah
mCAal_hag Low yalue ofLOJatio)
elemunt: Haweer Aongaba ernCA
dereLg m ppe bothm
Reesn
t I L beca 0f_inLrezsC
atmi cize dUe to addLfin DEE
ne 3hUZ_nd in( rezgg
maynhvl Of_SCeLnjng eized okt
LAecvn4 MeT 4hellg.

ast eR elkchrp2
SiHe_ tanaltalu mefa_
HatweweI elecmnpocif chafalter_mrAA
mLe fo_la.
Note The tiYs4
iDICadfon eneT{
Atalint eam metal_1 h h e
hon_aAKal mefy. Gut Se co nf?
 Page No.
Dete:
i0Dsafon enery Di alkalne eaLh
meta_is oveN han_alCali meAal_
Keas0n
Na Na
2,8,1 (2,3)
Nohle gag e l e t w i
ConD9vrain

Ma Mgt
(2, 3,2) (28,1))
Conbv fafC).
WheN ne eltobrO_js_EmDVed_horm
alKalimetal hen they ahicNe
pke e4 elLchmiL conbgura fion
y BU when ome erchDn_i remnVeA
brm aLkalne essh meta/ fhwn
m eArcm_YemaiN i m t h e r a l t n t e _
hedL.

ULaimetalin MM_cneAY

ut m alealjne eeath mtt

kurfer_one eft cpm Cambe rempyed
vey_eAg1Y,
Therese SeCOTe NMÍaHan eneAIY
altalymejal_i h4glwr
edaldn eat mefa
 Page Na.
Dao:
3. Hyd1afon_enthalty 2
h hydatinn enthalpiey Ds
allaline_earY meta/_iont aL O J .
han thoge __alklimetal iong Theckn,
CompoUndg o alcaldne ean EA4_A.
mpieCxtensively hydatd
M C 6
HoHexahydate
CaCo.6 Hse

L Anmaltaling
eesh meliog
hydafiM enthalpieg_dCMzAJ mV4

Be>M> Ca*>S7 C2
Th frenof Can be exptajned_im fema
ncreafeg in ioniC size Aown fhe
rup.

Oxidatien SHade
ALkalise EzRh mefals have
fwa _et tovnz n fhcir VatLL chtl en

Divalent mealCanm, 7herkY d

Oxidatm 4fefe wi be wo_ 42)
M M 2e
(NObHeg4]nsz TNOHAT
 Page No.
Date:

MM 2e
LNe73s2

Secondionisatin enugy_ok thegc

efememis_are_high a Lmpa
Gye they exát_ag divalot ie
RN _n4t Ds dheir_CompoU)4_beLauj2
V the telon fn reogong
Divalnt_Catibn have he nokle geg
elecopNit coniguafin-
TheThe Avalent ig_ baneLatong yegv
StopngeN lattieg_taa mnn valen
CafiomA md henie a lot_O&
CneyCaliedlattiieenthlLy
1S relcadA_wiu e4iLy Compengat
ko_he hp_Seuond Non igat
enr- This accavnty y he
ex12 tenu 2 dvadCnt iong
SolidState .

The d ValentCatm duefo sma!leN_

Size qetz hdraAEA Aater a
greaten_extEnE and Hhug he
2 bydafon_enthalpy reseNA
Cam NSAf<Z_bU he Se wmd
Lon igafim enfup y hAs_acevDis_
dhL EX1Stence o}_dvalent eNg
 Page No

5
KedutingpYopeLtic
i S- rbdal S0 OU _1edu ung
ageni. Howewer it_ weak
feduing
242n1 Compandin alkoli_ m
C i beLaJE
Cne
ionyatba
D_alba line ega mcJaLg
a Compart kali mealg.
6 Natue_bk bandg Imed
Alaline
meta 07m m CampOnd Ihe
femderny O5
urming_mI COmpo0
LNUTAAI_rpm p o bottonm_
rmj CoValent CmpDundg11g aldo
Guas come ndencH L2VaEmA_
ReAon
theAe ouMionii 0Ompovnog A
LA1Gtton LNthalpy cllcre2seg olDun fiu
g4phTtkaTe,tendency o bum ionii &
LAmppUnd nLIeK2

Mealliu cha1alteL-

Cnej allaUn eAh meta ha 2Cat

Lendemcy toLOJe_both the S-ee4rn
Ben m hesr vaeNe 4hi)2 orm
dipo4ihve DnG-
 Page No.
Date
hup hese elementspDcce4 eecpppoeitive
Chaectey_oz_metlic cheayer. However

Ovtali metalgWUmn fhe muf

eecposíhve CLhrsat inMe0J On
m2v_down tne gmeup_due o

Nature bMCHalLiz bandip i a/taliot

Due o _ mall_CIZA amd
tWo eeckzm PCALNA_ia ValeNIe 2UL
alcaline e M MEtal Om Shrng7-
meAalic bonding, DIAe fo 4ppmg mAL
bondinA,aLlaline ee4 metalg h2NL
higher me LHDy_point
i i higher hoiling pein
) higher odenglheg Cnd
aV huder then Correap0nding alEali
metaiL

Cha1acteristic Elame Coloutin

Except Ve anod Ma,te afttine c a h
metals impatf Chaatferig ieG coloUY when
n booueed into he amt o burgen
burne2
L Ca bAC ked
L
 Page No.

Thi pmpey iolue po the eAL

D extatin__0 theár vaknce

e_and Ma olo hot_impa ColoUZ

to the_lame
ReaADO
Be_and M haue vey high
Aonizatlon enthalpicg anduerejor
LasL0movntnk e is_ 4UjrCd
theiy eNe Ltormg Tbis
ene i4_net_ lasAe_ov2 1
he lome 2nd hence_Hheir
eummG_ae not_exited
Densty 2-
The alkaline epm mefay ae
dense md hader hen he CoYYe4 ponÄNA
ataumety
ReasDn
Aaine e2 met_ hag B0mg
metau bond,HenLe theae am
hardeN than a l tali meta

11 MeJtina_ppint cund boiling point

The alaline
easthmLdaly hecaupe of SmalllA giz
Omd e mort Ceze patkcd
GmMuue
hwe higher MLlkng_and
than the_alai mealg,_ bziling_paint
 PegeNo.
Dnle:
HEMICAL_ PROPtkTIES O ALLALINE
EARTH METALLS
Due Fo Low Aonigafbn enfhalpeg and
high eltvposfHVe
high choralfeN, Hhe akali
earh metrlg hue a gyeat {eNdeNy
Loge valenct elepp.
L The rcatA ViH 0k thege ejem
ecaJO4 rm trp to botom.
L AF Compcd7 Fo afralj mera1hege
eemNIp leLl IAAVEe,

Some impprtant ChemiCal eaHon2

Otalaube_eedla_mEtal
1 Hydrides
Exept_Be, alu member
DEAal_hyelride4 MH
M+H2 MH
M= M4, Ca, Sr B4J
De Hg Can be prepaTA by redvfion o
Becy with Lia!H

2becFLIATH, BeHy +L4C+A/C

Somc ChanlteTHHL hydrideg_are
MH CovaterH afv
Cath, SrHa BaH I tvre
CaMg = HyAvith .
 PageNa

These hyerides hase high reoVY-

Lwithwatey

M +21%b (AJ MOH,) +H,

Ca H25)+3HoJ CoTOHI, (aJ +2e

Oxides
e and Mg_E ja lnert DwaTd4
0XYjen du
or hra 5 a blsm
0 0X ide zn heAL

Howene, a l he_allkaling eg M_mtais

horn oxyzn {orm_oxt
L De, Ca fom maNONIHe
L SY md La oom perDYideg
M+O MO M e, Ca
AAAAA
M+O2 MD (M- Ba a S
Perrxde
L The monoxeleg_atgoCan be ppac{ by
decompocihbon ob thejr res pective Callornteg.
MCO MO+CUa
M= Be Ca,Sy Be
LThe rectivjity Os fhee metals tDuaL
OXHA NTeaBeS a4 we ove down
fhe a o p .
 Page No
Dete
SOme_cha1a cle14iCBC1 Drd
They_ae NeXY CHabl dut to Lo
enalpreg D
ExCepi Be0,a MDDXAe _ha YOK
Salt 241udtUr
Deo is_ampletei whl oXCA 23
0fhe eNMNÍz haAl Datu
Ampholeri nauL 2 Beo
Ba Ce O+HCI ech + H20
Acid2beo + 2 NavH+ Hao- NO(Be (o
Sodlium beTyllat
A these o xjid4, exept Uev, TEat wth HgO
t form hydwxY with ewaln*n e
heat
Mo(5) Fs0J Ml -+2 D
heat
5.Hydsox ideg-
hydroxd can he _2uisined by
the digsolving_0 0xdag Luitwatey a
L AUhe_alkaline hyArideg a r bageg
exCLpt BeLoHlg t/bih id aphoterIC.
Spae_Chanati1iati4_og hydmxg
hudmxideg af Mg.Ca, Sy and ba1vm ar
bages_an4 theil haglz 4eryth_iÍtag
OD mejncalum f baziuna
Keason Due to eleLIéak i n OBaMtn
enersy M-0 2ngth_secTeAAS
hafwhy hadi Lhtrauter_
 PagoNo.:
Dute:

ThesL hydvxjdeg ar less coLble

WateN_a4 Czmpad to the alhali.
meta hydoxideg, However hey
ive ngy_alkaline s2utinz

MCH,+HC M + 2 Ha0
The Saluilty ob the hyarx He inM
Wafey nreaJeG wity M mCseap
akdmic nvJmbN,
Belok and Mg (oHl, = Almost ingoVLle
Cale H, = SpaTY 20uhje
ST(OH%, and ba OH), = mre soL/t.

Reasnn
AHLatite-AHhydatin = Acoluionm

i s observed_hat he magniude bk
hgdiaion_enthalpy TLmaing__almrat
wnaded whecag fhe mayhifvae Cf
attie enthulp decCAG_dOWn te
DUP dUL Io_iMaAe iz.
Therttere Afcotipn heCmz_Mar
negative ovm Le p Aa Theres.
 Pege No.

Dato:

Ge(oHJo Soilty Lieagg

Mg(oH),
Ca(ot aic ghryth Inceagp
SYlphi2
la loHl2

Noie
4queou 30lubom ot_Callim hydnXde
ume water| and boruuo AIDXde
baryta ert _lused to detai_And
eztimae C2Aen_ioxide hé Cauge Hy.
ve precipitateg Carregpendi
CoAhon aeg wity COg
Ca(OH, +CG Cacog+Ho
Whrt PPH
BaoltC aLOz HoO
white ppt.

2
 Page No.:
Date

4
eacipn_uith Wader
ALL te.ge mEAaU AE
Lwith_watcy To mm meta hyd wxidez
andhyemgen_ The YeaCiVity _inerezge4
tithinceage in_anmic avm ber,
L Be s halj asecte by wwater at
Dm tempervre
Ma rcats bojliy war
L Ca, SY and Ba ca Vzoroug with
CwateY eNen at Dvm ternperaUR,

MS+3P20(-
+H2 (#)
Note: HoweNex c reaCtiDr otaltaljne
Casih mefIs wity uwaer _is LeEs
v}UNTW a4 CennpRre wit Hhat
al paj mel
5
Carbonat et_altelne ea
metda4 ijngovkie_in uwader hAE
Cam be precip1trtehy a d L h i go 2
SodAUm ammDmivm CaNbonaxte
SaluiDn_fo the selvhDn ob salz
hege_metalE Fo eAaTmUe.

Cad2 + Na, COZ- Cacg+2NaP

PPA
 Page No.
Datle:

444 metal coAhoateB eeco0mp2ge

heapin4 fo give CaAbon_1oxi_nd
meta 2xidc

MC MO + CO
NOE
A the atvmi ovmben ncreRL,
the sizhlíy o Cadhedp Hovarf
heatfnc z4e4
Reas)
The Strbuty ok Canbomateg p E
heat_depenls CApm he Tlative

SuLphateg Sulphate bk _alkodne e%

metalycam be preparA by_fhe e Í
of HiD uith fhe mealg, heir oxég
hydmXidep a lahonateg
C aHaSo CaS4 + M2
Ca0t Ha So CaSY+ HaD
CaloH, + HaS Caco 2H20
Caco24 H2 sq Casoa tC2+H o
Njote:

The Sulphateg_o alKlinc_cath

metalg_ae ess_2olusie than_fhe
CorregpDnadinqSeltg k ael merly
 PegeNo.
te

hir silubiHg_alecYeatt dwn

onAoig

Keascn
e la decreg!g the hyotiD)
hyd1aton enthalpy TheEbUC
dectaAeK bov01 tpp tp batom

Halideg
ALaline eumetals 1eat
with halogenz directtyen heafiy
to hm halitg hauig general ho1lz
MX
M+X- MX
X F C4, Br, 1)
aaline edh_mal_holid_ Can algo
he ohtalnca b the actDn D halpgen
autA_pn_mealg , fneir_px1de4,
Cbontep ad by4wXideg
M 2 HX 7 MX, + H2
MO +2H M + Hg0
MCO 2HX MX, + He b+CO
M(oH,+ 2HX MX+2 2 0
NU
e a Cn be Preporea bY hermT
AecomposiHon 0 wH), Bes

NHa)Be Ge+2 NHaF

 PageNo:
Datie: D
SHTVture_ o ecl
in spiA stade
202
Be Le 263pm

_Ln_ sold sinte, i eis+9 i th

rm o _peymeric Chain_gtutu re
iM /hich_eath 1e_at m_ig
gUDUNded hy_Dur ChloriNE eeorz
two Ct He ChloYin_atm bDnded
y coValentbond wlle 01her two
yCo-eroljnate bond

S+YuCtUTe b Bec VapDVY Sie

|L> VapoUy Sjade e1213 a4 a
monvmeN_wVty
CwAth 2eD dipple moment aoe 1200k cc
C Be-c

ut Louo 120ekdt eiet_ag

apsr

Stade
 Page No.

.C.
C1Be. Be-(
CA

Dimer
Some_Charalferta i s O hdLides
Beryli um halides r e covalent, wile
halideß 0 0her alkalíne eammetalg
o n i t , The iwnfc chaa tHEY O
haljdep ncreo4eg doun thc group due
oarnJA imcreageiy omie siz
i eryljUm halid4 ar cova/en ug hat
t h e k , t t ls sousse u wfer,
FAuriteg_oDther element OT generally
ingeluhie in watey due to high
mapnikuoe o Laltice eizqy bu
bromd ChiTOEJ Nd_iDÁdE
Spuk n_caer,

The CmhyedrOUG halida or hygmdcop

and m hydaPL_2UC) a4
Mgch. GH20
Ca CAg. 6 H20

SYUg6 HeO
bec4 2H20 LeoH,+2HCA
Moisure )
 PageNo.

3. N YidCg

The al paljc CaLuelementz

lauinm oimgen t mDnic
nitre wit f7mula 1z 2
Co + Ng Cag
3 Mg + Ng
9 Nrides ON _enerally CIYETlune
Selids_andarL oLLmp23 b
water fo_pMUCe ALH
mitalhydmyioleg

SoLubily io Liguid_Ammala
henalksisx

glve deep lue blace_solutha

The SoLfiam conkajn ammoníakd
dtbG amd_dmmmiafed electb vag

po¢SILlefo_1so1afc metal-
ammon 1ated M(NHE); T m
thege splshny
 PageNo.
Dme: L
lhermal StapilHeg_and solulilLhg_L2t
OxOCalUg_oLamy- and hmLP-2
MELalg
lhermal Staeiiheg -
unup- mefal co mpovhdp
a elatiely_more Stabse fo heat
CLheea4 the_Saltg o grolP-2_aN le
Staue

Catbnaleg ond hydmpenLzhanaks

Excep Co, a
alali catsame
ar Stable toWaTdgheat Whin they
deco2pNAE thes n*1de Ym fom
Cwi Co

LigCO ALi0+ Co2

Mg CO afMgO + CO2
NagCO A? no erct

ohheatim hydnn Canate CaThnak

MmLwit eweluhn_o3 CO
2Na HCO (SJ Na,co, (s)+Hh0 +C/
NITRATES
Nraleg oF dEi metel exLep} LNo
dlLomp2hag_2n gmmy het7$omng
n1tnB md Og m.
 Pege No.
Date:

ENO, ) KNO, 0, )
Nitteg of_alralNK -eaAn metag
amd LiNOG_decomposes h aHy
e burm exde8, nibrgen Aloxjae ande
OXYAen.
2LNO,S) L1,015) +2N9 lg+2l4
CatN03), (s) - Ca ols)-+4No L7j

Hydroxedeg
|Lydnxidef ok altalu metalg, exrep LioA
aN_hermally cfaue
HydDXHeg f
grop-2 etalg_Cmd
ihium hyd7XAC4deLompnLE _Om
hCaäng fo oxldeg, Whhem am
MPTE_Staye

LioH (S) > Ligo [S)-H0 (?

LThe stiliheg o hynxyAe4 0
eem tn/s imerengG gorp-2
o00vV)Dg olDw
B
Sulphal
The suphateg of_
gronp -1 d reep-2
metalyar al fhirMaly 9t
 PagoNo

SolubLAieg_in wafI
Cahonaieg o alkatu s0mcjaleMUL
Li CO) art salubic in wafe
Their soluhilineg increagtg_on
mOv in clOwn fhe_gmup

Cadhonateg oí gray:2 metals ar

almua imsolule im lwafer_ond
uher fheir olubLiteg oltcreE
bvmpp Jo botom_

HdDgeN_Catbmates Ds roup-1
andg rDp-2 metalg aie_gplui/e
N_watcr.

Nitralg ot group -1 md gaD)-2

metal_aan a Solue _én uwates
The souubiuteg _ok hege Salt turYhe
Juacreoeg_ om_top fo bo ttom
L SuLphate ok alEi oefal an
Salusein alattanq_euLphaie
O alLalu eAh me a ar
less Snlvle._
L The hy4Dotg o alkali m ealg r
app tec falaly galusle n waiE7. The
soubHe UTer dmurespe m
 Pege No.
Date

Anomaloug_behaviou heryllium
L e showg2 onomalog_behavoVZ
due o bolloWig egun
itg cmal áze and hig
pDlaTizing_powA-
) high ionig.adio encgy and reladiey
hig elechynegativ
( _Absence o VaCnt_-rbitg w
ig vaenu _4hell
>ome RmpoYfant Pointz o lizerence
between le and M T_g1VA
below
W_le is ighter thon N
()_M.p and bp DE e is highes fhan
M-
TDBe dog not reat wety wafey wen
at high temperatvre whiie Mg
deompopes bojing Cwater.
hfwXEeg
arc_amphojrit vM natvre
while ge 0 oM alkaliye
mefal4
Deo Ampho teaic
= w e a y basÍC
MID
 Page No.
Dalo:

leryiivm cAbide eAd3_wih_caa

give meMane hik_mame4ivM.

Cabde_pmiuLey Letene

Be,c + 4 Ha0 e To, +2H4

MI2+ 2Hao

Re doc4 hel exhibt Co_rdjnafon

numbr more than tour a4 i t heg
only_oUT_oThital M_te_ ValenIe
Ghtll The_Der_mmberg ok i s
gaDue_Con hwL_CD-ONdinion_
nmbe 6

Diegonal relatHonshp_o Be wly A!

Like , benMum bo7mg covalent
Compovndg

B<(O), 441Oh, ae ampluoteri'c i

nafvre, wherag thoge D& Other
elememtz og7vnp-2 art bagic m
nafvre.
L 4 md be i4 not Teadily atta
by auids becaue og }e prezence b6
Cm o JHe i l m n

L and A
e m lvo7D Comple
on. 13e 73- ama [A4T im the
Solutin, wherda ofher enerey
ot
rap -2 do not borm taple
 PegeNo.:
Dete

L
TheThe oxdeg o bpth _Be and AL_Íe
Beo and Als02 hh_meLtiny_
inpluse 42Lidg
y Cabdeg o2 _both Al ond beive
mefhane en hydniyais
e Like AlgC hg a briyd
polymeric 2MAUrLeth hege
Cemprvnol4_aT g 2 Lewi4 aud
goluble
cowen4
L
The SaMg_og erylium 2 well e4
alunnínium are exttnsiveiy hydny.

Uccurrene_ok ALkaline Easth

Mealg
L Group-2 metalg a alsn Teache
metal HhuchsTe i exig isn embined
Stale
M g and Ca he mg3/ abuntmDt
mitalg ok ganp -2 heing_the 877
d ST megt_ahunclint estrneng
On the eAth.
L Sr is alamest_ny_mDderaey
akundant
Th O:her n&trg preen2+
CmlyPD Small prp2Djm_22Le
eghLrugt_And d sea wafer