0 Akowic foam HL wtpse Elemental foams —> Hp. Etecriowic coupiguration ts! v Aieilar to ms! of Alkali metals enna 18 group oT Gienilay to Halogemt (ms>np%) by shoutage of 1 1 notle gas Compigural” 4S Mali metal, (89 tooses 1 —+ uniporitive ions (H") As Walogens . gains 1e —? uniinegative ions (4) Like aaKali metals ,# forms oxides, Hatides do. Sulphides unlike them Have TLE & douwl porsess Metonic: hrmackristes umndin Noamal couditrns- nie © Halogms LE Like Halogens— Diatomic Molecule & forms ydaides, & Covalent comp: Reautvity igvery low-Haow Halogens: = HA doesnt exit grecly 7 3 2s0bopes: ) prokum |n 2) peaterium 4 [p 3d tittum 34 T ~ au 1 —— 0 Neuh ons {om [#eavy-H Dipper om pactence of HYDROGEN TREPARATION OF Ha! D Lab Prep — 4 oy a4 a + alt Za ate cgromutated ) Cail He) Zutgnaod —9 Naj2nog +42 (04 Alea Sodium tincate- 2) commercial: Blectrolysis 2H +92 Taaees of meldl base (te Eléctrodes) attao() > High puritg (49-51) by etectrolysing warm, Aqueous Bacon). ole Ni Glectrodes 2° ks aby phoduct m the Mamubacture. ok Noon & ot by elechrolysis: of btine Solutrom- mt omode: at —> Un tre fee comiode:. aHz0422..—7-Hat aon overall Peaetion: anat+ad™sau20—9 ola ta +and 4204 7) Stow + Hydiocarbous| coke At? Temp wits .catalytr” (290k # + J2gok, CnManta +420? nco + (ami) eg, CHYt Hao 20k =, 2 Cot SH — ” << water gas Used for ‘synthesis of metramolg H:C Hence , alto called Synthesis 925] Syngas: W0-0h Newhows:, Cosy + Hp0 2%, ony ty Coat Tritium— Radioactive & twils low E Coal GASIFICATION B panticles hy ted Gy: ' a Yoo + uo SE 5 coy +Ha Atundomce 4-077 » (9). caraiyst : + omic 088) “ye net WATER GAS SHET BRN ee cirovnate, Metting Point ‘ 1 COg. Removed: by’ ScAubbing. with, Naavgenite ink . Boilies oe \- 43:/ > pehochemicals _ Solution: be Lief) Coal — ah etecholysis ofay sol: 1h otters: Scanned with CamScannertr Prorerries: colourdess, odousless, tasteless, combushele Jas - lighter Haan aiv & USGS OF Hat ea : Nig —7 HNO3 & Nitvogenous Ferttiters “3+ vanaspat Fat 2+ cotang rs CHIOH (metnanol) insoluble i HO” wt >: He Bond dissociakim-E is Highest Lome aissociait™ of Ha is wo oat or aoook b AG Sh gh EODKo pe [mere ak Rom Temp: Atomic # produced art temp mm Am electric ave}: 7° metal Hydiidesy Het» Atomic- & oxy-t Torches, Rocket Fuel 5 Fuel cells Releases greater Enerqyy evo polluttm: HYDRIDES’ (EHx—Mgia | Emin ~ Batt) typeipr= onic [taline Hydaides : ($-Block) Lik Bella mga 9 Cavalene Wnder OV) Radiating” , > Shaving of i Eg 4onms covaleut bond Ax with Halogems : (syd rogen fatider) Hp + ¥2 7° aHe" (xe Fy Cty Bayt) F oceurg even in dasks T requives: cabalyit ') polymeric mi Nature cryctallings Now- volatite, Now- coudue tian in gotid share, melts conducks , “on fn with 63! Highly Exorhermi Ren, with Og? Highly Exothewmic Electrolysis Woevare “Hy at amode * caralystl) Diy + 09 ATH) Ano iP - 2 ‘i fat 7 O° bY 285-4 DH melt) mode ) ty b2é 4 eqonol™ : Violent RY! NaH: Hy0—) NADH Ho Ben with Nas ( Haber’ procese)): 4) Lit undeactive, ot madeate Tem| witty 03 [et : BLIM + ALC, QUATHG + BIC AU + 8346 8 Ub HY ke, 00am: ity + Nq SSE) TOO nites : FE gue = M26 trmal Ren metals: Hy + am amu ( Prewp.r.metal tydvidel) Mo? Mali Métal : oleer Hydides gyn wit metal tons & metal oxides: Covateut Molecular Hydvides: (place) 1) Electro icteat -? Dibovome (BzHs). ptt. gaoup will bow: They actf at lewis acids — € acceptors tg +04** —> pas ant yea ma 2) aM, ty Hae, (metals , less: Active aon, Fe): Ren with rgowi Compounds {Dy drogemation of vegetal Nia cakalyst —) Edivle Fats Cmarg avine &. Vawaspati Ghee) 2) Be precise > mu of ig group —) CHA Tehahedras Geometry: 2) Eevlch 7 Extess eas. lone palvs 16-17 \gvoups (NH y-FIpy Hea. p> Weeotle) They act af loot baceg IE dowoys- Ipron Highly E-ve atoms like my OF io Hydaides —> H-Bond! Foamation <2 Assocation of moleles:, oils using ti) Hyd to fou my latin OF oleging —> Mdehydes RAWM™, -Ateowols iy # “co # ROH! sty —7 LeactacHo Ha t ReHacHgcH® —9 BCH CH Achy OH Scanned with CamScanner@ a. BP OF Ns) Had, HF are Higher Hram Hydrides of thelv subsequent group members OH20 +aNa —_» aNlaott ee 6005 4 1aly0 —9{¢ Ha Og+ 6H ter metauic | son- tockiometic | Tneevanttal hydrides: Gof Blocks, Groupe Of 738,9 Ao moe form hyaaides faom 6 owly ee Ex: LaHs $9 » YH ge ere" Law of conttowt Compositien”” AF a + aW20—4 uut+ ae 409, 3) Hydsolysis Reaction: fq 010 +6430—9 43 P04 Sid4 4Ang0 —9 Siog + FH N73 43490 —9 NHs +30H7 4) Hydrares_Feamation: a at 1) coodding ted 420 [er(u20}6] st ji) Intereteial #20: Bala 220 ig wi if) YeBonded tO: Coat g] SFP Doesuot wold grea Pa, PE > used for Atdiage of Hydiog om: >> Pa Commok form —7 PHS WATERS colourless, Taitetens,, H- Bounding TEP, PSP, T weat of vapounisation 67 neatoy fusion thom Has b Hase : Couly-£) a ® specigic Heat, Metmal Conductivity , surface | (orher -4 ave cub.0g « 5H3D- Tension, dipele moment: » dielectric. cout tod co-oadivazed,) ° Moleculay mass Dietech®e conc romh BALD Hob SOFT Hao: mP, BP, EF, Ev, —— at. eas be: Density, viscocity F307 Pr Cay mg Salis in He folm of Hydteg 0307 Hao Carbonate, chloride amd Sulphate im Ha? —) bard water No hater with Soap: Abructuve obWae: Gas phace- Bone Free of soluble sats of ca bmg — Sot Hao md omale — 10. Sty OH —Bondlength ~ Eras, 9 LLB id! a | ard y0o- Fowns Scum] ae aoe 95-3 pm 5 as-apm ipiratened E ef ae | Precipitate wittr Comp 2Cigtye con +m %aq) 9 (Cig ss Co0) mb > Lig) Paase —? 4 - Bonding priberrlaths ae > crystalline form —? Ice (Alin pressure ‘ a jeez Hao atl bards ae Jou Temp-reubic eae Lee: Eau 0 atom surrounded term) | TemPoreay: prewnce of mg bea tydtogem Tenanedsally by 4 rhe, 0 atoms. Lemoved by Cxrbamases> CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Ha0t ili tigh esp 1) Mrmphorcite Nature: petsas acdbbase | MaClces)a AS, mycoy), 1 + acoyt Hao #NH3—> oH 4 NHYh Ca teosda HMM, Geos y+ poset go + Has ==> got + HST fh) CLARE'S metéod: (lime) Gltos)r + catous) =) ACaCO3 | tAHAO > Atacosdt goad 4 ato Scanned with CamScanner Auto - prorelysis (Self ~iouisation) 04420: paiimaaa atari: SEU f= 7 UN a Hg0 +H20 == wzot + OW” paid — tag. aj Conjugate + ace conj ite aj ee mg (C03) Caccomhr PCRMINENT WARDNESS pragace of solMble Salls of mg b ca in Hate gorm OF calouides Gutpraes dm Hy0° Com'e fovaoved oy Bolling i) Taeat rent with washing Soda (M4003): M ay rNagoy— Meo gy + anal Moy #NA,C03 —> Meo) +NALSO4 (raz gy) i) Cagoute wetted? Sodium hexammet phosphate (ata crs) - calgon Nog Peoig—s wa + Nag Pes amet entayee ig? Triaghne dis] banat iy Jon Exchange meted: | ooite [Pesmsit” paocens- Hydrated Wadsion —a Naz Cacolite [peanut ) + oS 40 gNad em?" M2g t ANAS: Penauit a 5 Pen etauated Begemernted by ; M22 + anal — ANaz 4 Mca 2.5208 +2020 —9 au Dsoy + Dar iil) Indushially's kuto’ Oxidatrm of. onuan) acts 0g + fa Pd idised PAoduct [ie ge i formed (oxidised puoduet) $01. = distttation umder Aes ced pre se BE carepel ditttl atin unde (ow pressure: a- eraylomemsa.qutnel une Lewmaining Hig FAottm ouk—? Ha02 - PHYSIC Me PROPERTIES 2 pute ctate=7 colouriess | (veug pale blue) > miscible, with Hyo mm AU paopeatrans & fons a ydiate Haga. 29° >: $orf. solution of Hala — 100 Mol of #202. gunk oF Sol. Wg03 —7 (00mL of oxygen at STP - Cow mercially? jov (3% #302): Attuctuve: Now-plamay ») Aynthetic, Reting MeHnod: move Efpicient Cottrn exchouge Retin’ combain, Large oagomie wapleade wit —So5H 3 #9 Mmcoluble, RSOsH FNad —2 RNa " 1 (eis Rai QNa + M* — QM + ana’ Avion) Resin Combe legewsiaied by AAding aut Col: gen emit—> apr taut | creuamges cations RN Ha 44,0 === QNHy- OHM | enetiompes Aulous, = REWZORT 4, RNAS t0u, HYPROGEN. PEROKIDES (hom). PAeparatim: ¥) Basoy tu peduct (ances Reduce) Mesure) Bao, 64,0 tHs0y — Gatoy + 420g 48H 0 ii) awsog: Scrolls, 0 5500 Sou. pesoxodisulphaie Heels a eog want tH og. ee Dihedsal Pragle, a4 phrase —? mes? Sowd phase —? 90-2° CHEMICAL: PROPERTIES: bbs IN ecwoee eee 1) oridising Action in Acidic medium? afe + ¢an? 44302 —s ared 20g 0 pbs +4 a0 —> PbSoy + 4H30- 1) Reducing Aatéon fn Avidic Median: sheduelsg hin Annoy 46ut 4 S¥n0a— n+ Bge $503, Hod +8303 “Hy0ted bon ii) Oxidising hekion’ oa Basic tedium : Dtcrt t Had, 7 gts 0H Mua* 4) 09 —7 ant t +2087 i) Redueing Acton tw Beate see mela Ja + Hp0g, t20# —y gl” +2Hy 040, Scanned with CamScanneramnoy + $Ha0a—? BMnogt30a+ 23042087 STORAGE! r-g0q Decourposes on expoture fo ligue — 24303 —9 aHgo40a > war- Lined gtass ( plastic vemels im Dask- 7 Vien — stabilised, dusk Cam Induce expdosive Decomposiim of the compound» Uses. 7 pair bleach; mild Aisingecromt 5 panti-sephe os perlrydsol 7 fran a eGare Of Na-perborate 5 Per— Carbonate, HEAVY WATER D297 moderarod im NuceaY Heavy hee Leacas- Cata + 2020—9 Ca0at CaloDg Sox + Dao — Dasoy by C3 t 10,0 —9 3004+ 4M(0D)3 Ha cam Release more energy Hom Peho| Cxttimes) Wa) — Loytd at 2ok Expensive insutated tovak$ — NANigy THIHS , ge mata Enegy released per mole octome(t) 7 LIG 7 CHy 7 Huy 7420) Per grown Hg) 7 bat? Hy 7 LPG 7 octamer) pe volume ourome (ht) 27 LPGT HQ) 7 CHY7 Hag) _ so Scanned with CamScanner