INTRODUCTION:

The question bank makes available statistically sound questions of known technical worth
and model question papers and thus facilitates selection of proper question for a well
designed to question paper.

DEFINITION:
 A question bank is a collection of test items organized,classified and catalogue the order
to facilitate the construction of a variety of achievement and other types of mental test-
by B.H Choppin.
 An item bank is defined as an organized collection of test items that can be assessed for
test development - by Rudner

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUESTION BANK:

 Question bank should be based on sound ideas,purposes and adapted to the particular
objectives of mind.
 Question bank should be within the range of the students experiences and knowledge.
 Question bank should present a challenged which stimulates an educative response in
keeping with the objectives.
 Question bank should contain only one ideas, a many faceted questions only confuse the
students, who usually answers but one phase and forget the remainder.
 Question bank is a continuous process.
 Question bank is based on action.
 Question bank present for any particular course,level, language,selected category and
type of questions.
 Question bank maintains records of any no. Of questions with their answers in all the
languages with their corresponding courses, categories and levels.

PRINCIPLES OF QUESTION BANK:

 Spent adequate amount of time for developing for developing the question.
 Match the questions to the content.
 Try to match the question valid, reliable and balanced.
 Use a variety of testing methods.
 Write questions the tests skills other than recall.
 While framing question it has to be ensured than recall.
 While framing question it has to be ensured that they are umambiguous,simple in the
language and brief as far as possible.
 Each of the question should evaluate some specific content area or learning outcome.
 Their difficulty level should be accompanied with some specific information.
 All the objective items should be grouped in one section, while the short answer type and
essay type item should be in another section.
 In the section of objective type items having the same format, e.g. yes - no type, True -
False type, multiple choice types etc should be grouped together.
 Item in each section should be arranged in order of their difficulty,as far as possible.

PURPOSES:
 To improve the teaching learning process.
 Through instructional efforts the pupil’s growth will be obtained.
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 To improve evaluation process.
 A pool of test items can be used for formative and summative evaluation of the pupil’s
performance.
 It is a pool of ready made quality question is made available to teachers and examiners.
So that they may select appropriate questions to assess predetermined objectives.

PREPARATION OF QUESTION BANK:

 Planning and setting objectives of a question bank
 Blue Printing for Developing Question Bank
 Writing of questions.
 Screening of questions
 Preparing the question card.
 Coding of questions
 Filling and storage of questions

PLANNING A QUESTION BANK:

A question bank should be established only after due planning. Objectives of question bank
should be clearly visualized.
 Appropriate place should be identified about the location of bank.Such banks can be
established at state institutes of education, state evaluation units,boards of secondary
education, individual institutions.
 Wherever the location of bank may be ,it should be managed properly to provide utility
services to all those who are interested.Suitable space and equipment for sorting and
classifying of questions are required.
 Development of the question bank:-What type of questions made up the bank entirely
depends on the total frame of reference envisaged at the planning stage the scope of
question bank is determined by taking such decisions.It should be decided whether only
the written examinations, oral examinations practical examinations or all to be stored in a
bank.

BLUE PRINTING THE QUESTION BANK:

 The preparation of blue print is essential in developing a question bank.If the items are
not relevant to the objectives of the program for which the question pool is being
developed,it results in hodge- podge if question. There ,blue prints help to generate a
quality question pool.

WRITING OF QUESTIONS:
 Questions are written on collection from various sources.
 Ready-made question may be lifted from old question papers, from standardized test and
from review exercise of good textbook. It must fit into the specification of questions
must be given,question should be accompanied by answer key, besides indicating
objectives and content area.
 In case of new question, there may be invited from experienced teacher, examiners and
paper setters on the basis of some honorarium Specifications of questions must be given,
questions should be accompanied by answer key,besides indicating objectives and
content area.
 Get the questions prepared by practicing teacher invited to a workshop for the purpose.
This get together helps to discuss the questions face-to-face and get quality questions.
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 In such a workshop subject area and the objective may be allotted to a participants
according to their competencies.

SCREENING OF QUESTIONS:
 After the questions are written, questions sheets are passed on to other members of the
group for their comments.These comments are passed on to author of the question ,who
in consultation with two or three participants finalizes the questions individual questions
are written on black board by author followed by discussion by participants.Though it is
a time consuming process. It is educationally more potent.not only the quality of the
question is improved, built also provides good training to the participants for framing
good questions.
 2nd level screening is done with the help of 3 subjects experts, are conversant with the
technique of text construction. Such a group may consist of subject specialist who would
pass judgement on the authenticity of the subject matter.
 Another person is a teacher associated with that class who helps to judge the suitability
of the question for a particular grade level.A third person may be an evaluation expert
who helps to improve the format of the question in the light of the objectives to be tested.

PREPARING THE QUESTION CARDS:

 Finalized questions may now be transferred to cards made of thick chart paper cut into 8”
x 5” size .
For eg- we may use different colours scheme in preparing cards for different objectives
and various forms of questions. If only one card is desired , we may use white for all cards
and with top margins different colours. These colouring facilitates identification and sorting
of questions arranged in alphabets. Each card will carry the questions data on it.

CODING OF QUESTIONS:
After the cards are prepared they are to be coded and classified in a manner that facilitates
their use. This is necessary for quick location and sorting of cards just like book in
library.Coding can be done for the subject, in structural objectives and forms of question.
If Dewey’s decimal system of cataloging the books is followed to code and classify the
questions it becomes an easy job to handle thousands of questions.

FILLING AND STORAGE OF QUESTIONS:

 According to code,arrange in paper order. Colour of card helps in broader grouping.
Question cards may then be sorted and rearranged topic wise after looking at code
number written on question cards. Later
 The question cards are typed. It may be typed on sheets of paper or even cyclo styled
when more topics are needed and slips may be cut and pasted on the cards.
 Steel admirals with 4 or 5 cabins may be used to hold the question cards.
 All question cards and other materials may be stored in duplicate, so that one copy may
be issued to users as and when required.
 Original copy may be kept intact for official use and reference.

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TYPES OF QUESTIONS USED IN THE QUESTION BANK:
OBJECTIVE TYPE TEST:
SELECTION TYPE SUPPLY TYPE
true or false items Short answer type
Multiple choice terms Completion type
Matching type
Extended matching questions
Multiple response items
Assertion-reason items
Interpretative items
SUBJECTIVE TYPE(ESSAY TEST):
EXTENDED RESPONSE TYPE RESTRICTED RESPONSE TYPE
Long essay Short essay
Short answers
Very short answers

VALIDATION OF QUESTION BANK:

DEFINITION :
It is defined as to make or declare legally valid.

USES OF VALIDATION
• Relevance is obtained.
• Grammatical correction done
. • Plausibility of distractor checked
• Can be used as effective tool in class room teaching
. • Avoids dangerous situations.
• A feed back to teachers
• Create better learning process.

STEPS CONSISTS OF THREE STEPS:

• Questioner analysis (before the commencement of the test)
• Critical evaluation of the test (before the commencement of the test)
• Item analysis(after the test)

MODERATION BY PANEL:
 Moderation is the process of controlling topics and its associated information.
 Moderation involves comparison of assessment, judgement of different assessors in
different setting.
 Moderation means the quality of being moderate.the act of moderation is being done by
moderators, presiding examiners at some university examination.
 Moderation is the process of ensuring that a the same assessment standards are applied to
students from every school doing a particular study.
NEED FOR MODERATION:
 To reduce the grievances of the learners pertaining to marks.
 To avoid any injustice to the students.
 As a substitute of re-evaluation.
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 It is a supervisory work over the examiners.
MODERATION COMMITTEE:
The members of the moderation committee consists of :
 Vice chancellor
 Controller of examinations appointed by the honourable chancellor of universities in the
states to prepare uniform ordinances for the conduct of examinations.
CHECKPOINTS FOR MODERATION:
 Before entering the moderation system,check the points of examination system where the
moderation is acquired.
 Passing in each head of passing namely theory,practical,oral
sessionional,internal,external etc.
 Getting higher classes
 Getting distinction in the subjects
 Declaring the rank holders.
 The check points of teh examination system will throw light on the need of moderation in
examination system.
ASPECTS OF MODERATION:
 The moderator has to be senior one.
 He/she maybe paper setter of a particular subject.
 One moderator shall be appointed for five examiners.
 The chairman,Board of paper setters or head of the department of a particular subject will
act as a moderator where there are less than five examiners.
 Moderation work shall be carried out simultaneously with central assessment of answer
books.
LIMITATIONS OF MODERATION:
 The estimation may be absolutely correct because the candidate performance which is
being invariably ill defined.
 The mark may be measure of candidates knowledge of intelligence or power of
expression or a combination of thee characteristics.
USES OF QUESTION BANK:
Once the question bank is ready it can be used for various purposes.
 Question may be used for pre-testing, development, review and revision of a lesson.
 When question banks are established in schools, students can use them for self evaluation
in their spare time , also they can revise their lesson.
 A question pool can be utilized for preparing review exercises in textbooks.
 It is useful to evaluate pupil’s progress by sorting and grouping the individual questions
in unit and periodical tests.
 Like quiz cards,these questions can be used for a interaction/class competition.
CONCLUSION:
A question bank is a planned library of test items designed to fulfill certain predetermined
purposes.Question bank should be prepared with at most care so as to cover the entire
prescribed text.Question bank should be exhaustive and cover entire content with different
types.A collection of question prepared for a given subject and useful for students and
teachers.They are often made available on the internet.

ASSIGNMENT:

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Write down the principles and the steps of preparing the question bank
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 P.Basheer shbeer,textbook of nursing education, first edition ,2018,New Delhi,EMMESS
medical publishers, page no-251-255.
 B.T. Basavanthappa 2003 ´text book of nursing education,First edition, New delhi .jaypee brothers
publications , page no:473- 476, 537-539.
 K.P. Neeraja (2003) ´ text book of nursing educationµ I edition,NewDelhi jaypee brothers publications
page no: 419-426.
 Nima bhaska,textbook of nursing education second edition,Bangalore,EMMESS medical
publishers,page no -261-262
 https://www.slideshare.net/AMRITAROY26/question-bank-preparation-validation-amp-moderation-by-
panel-amp-utilization
 https://www.slideshare.net/FIROZQURESHI/question-bank-58685545