4541/2 1 SULIT

SECTION A
[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.
The time suggested to answer this section is 90 minutes.

1 Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number for atoms W, X and Y.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nucleon bagi atom W, X dan Y.

Atom Proton number Nucleon number

Atom Nombor proton Nombor nukleon
W 11 23
X 17 35
Y 17 37
TABLE 1
(a) What is meant by :
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan :

(i) proton number?

Nombor proton?
...............................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) nucleon number?
Nombor nukleon?

...............................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
(b) (i) What is meant by isotopes?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

.................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) State two atoms which are isotopes.
Nyatakan dua atom isotop.

.................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
(c) State the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in atom W.
Nyatakan bilangan proton, elektron dan neutron bagi atom W

Number of protons: ....................................................................................................................................

Bilangan proton
Number of electrons : ...............................................................................................................................
Bilangan elektron
Number of neutrons : ...................................................................................................................................
Bilangan neutron [1 mark/markah]
4541/2 2 SULIT

(d) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom X.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X

.......................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Draw a diagram to show the electron arrangement of atom X.
Lukis gambarajah susunan elektron bagi atom X.

[2 marks/markah]
(e) (i) What is meant by valence electrons?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektron valens?
.....................................................................
..............................................
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What is the number of valence electrons of atom W?
Berapakah bilangan elektron valens bagi atom W?

...............................................................................
............................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
A
(f) Write the symbol form, X of atom X.
Z

Tuliskan dalam bentuk simbol, AZX bagi atom X.

...........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/markah]
4541/2 3 SULIT

2 Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. P,Q,R,U,V and W are not the actual symbols of
the elements.
Gambarajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. P, Q, R, U, V and W bukan
simbol sebenar bagi unsur.
1 18
2
Diagram 2 13 14 15 16 17
P U V
Using the symbols in
Diagram Q R W 2 , answer the
questions below.
Dengan
menggunakan simbol
pada Gambarajah 2,
jawab soalan di bawah

(a) State its electron arrangement of R.

Nyatakan susunan elektron bagi R

...

[1 mark/markah]

(b) W is an inert gas. State the reason.

W ialah gas lengai. Nyatakan sebab
.
...
...
[1 mark/markah]

(c) Between elements P and Q, which is more reactive? Explain briefly.

Di antara unsur P dan Q, yang mana satu lebih reaktif? Terangkan secara ringkas.

..

...

...
[3 marks/markah]
(d) (i) Select one element that can react with cold water to produce hydrogen.
Pilih satu unsur yang boleh bertindakbalas dengan air sejuk untuk menghasilkan hidrogen.

...

[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction in (d)(i)
Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindakbalas di (d)(i)
4541/2 4 SULIT

.
...
[1 mark/markah]
(e) The compound formed from the reaction between elements U and V has a low boiling point.
Sebatian yang terbentuk daripada tindakbalas antara U dan V mempunyai takat didih yang rendah.

(i) State the type of bond in the molecule.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terdapat di dalam molekul

.
..
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Explain why the boiling point of the compound is low.
Terangkan mengapa takat didih sebatian tersebut rendah

...
.
.
.
[2 marks/markah]

3 An experiment is carried out to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of lead. Dry hydrogen gas is
passed over the heated oxide until there is no more change in mass.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi oksida plumbum. Hidrogen
kering dialirkan kepada oksida plumbum yang dipanaskan sehingga tiada perubahan jisim yang berlaku.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used. (details of hydrogen preparation are not required)
Lukiskan susunan alat radas yang digunakan. (penyediaan hidrogen secara lengkap tidak
diperlukan)

[2 marks/markah]

(b) Table 3 shows the results obtained when the sample of lead oxide has reacted completely with
hydrogen gas.
4541/2 5 SULIT

Jadual 3 menunjukkan hasil yang diperolehi apabila plumbum oksida lengkap bertindakbalas
dengan gas hidrogen.

Description Mass ( g )
Penerangan Jisim (g)
Mass of combustion tube 105.80
Jisim tabung pembakaran
Mass of combustion tube + oxide of lead 108.25
Jisim tabung pembakaran + oksida plumbum
Mass of combustion tube + lead 107.90
Jisim tabung pembakaran + plumbum
TABLE 3

(i) Calculate the number of moles of lead.

Kira bilangan mol bagi plumbum
[Relative atomic mass : Pb = 207]
[Jisim atom relatif : Pb = 207]

[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms.
Kira bilangan mol bagi atom oksigen
[Relative atomic mass : O = 16]
[Jisim atom relatif : O = 16]

[1 mark/markah]

(iii) Based on your answer in (b) (i) and (b) (ii) deduce the empirical formula of the oxide of
lead.
4541/2 6 SULIT

Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b)(i) and (b) (ii), tentukan formula empirik bagi oksida
plumbum.

[2 marks/markah]
(iv) Write an equation for the reaction between hydrogen and the oxide of lead.
Tuliskan persamaan tindakbalas di antara hidrogen dan oksida plumbum

..
.
[1 mark/markah]
(v) Interpret the equation in (b)(iv) qualitatively and quantitatively.
Terjemahkan persamaan di (b)(iv) secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

...
.

...
.
[2 marks/markah]
p://www.times.my

4. Substance X is heated in a test tube as shown in Figure 3. The limewater contained in another test tube
turns milky.The residue left after substance X is heated is yellow when hot and white when cold.
Bahan X dipanaskan di dalam tabung uji seperti dalam rajah 3. Air kapur di dalam tabung uji yang
berlainan bertukar menjadi keruh. Baki bahan X selepas dipanaskan berwarna kuning ketika panas dan
putih ketika sejuk.

Bahan x
panaskan

Air kapur

Figure 3/ rajah 3
4541/2 7 SULIT

(a) What is substance X?

Apakah bahan X?

...

[1 mark/markah]
(b) Write an equation for the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

....................................................................................................................................................
.............
[1mark/markah]
(c) What other substance will decompose when heated to give the same residue as that produced when
substance X is heated?
Apakah bahan lain yang terurai apabila dipanaskan akan menghasilkan baki yang sama seperti
bahan X?

..
[1 mark/markah]
(d) What other substances are produced when the substance referred to in (c) is heated?
Apakah bahan lain yang akan dihasilkan apabaila bahan di (c) dipanaskan?

...
[2 marks/markah]
(e) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the substance referred to in (c) is heated.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku apabila bahan di (c) dipanaskan.

[1 mark/markah]
(f) The residue left in the test tube is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. Write an equation for the
reaction of the residue with dilute hydrochloric acid .
Baki di dalam tabung uji dilarutkan di dalam asid hidroklorik cair. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi
tindakbalas antara baki tersebut dengan asid hidroklorik cair.

[1 mark/markah]
(g) (i) A few drops of of sodium hydroxide solution are added to the solution obtained in (f).What can
be observed?
Beberapa titis larutan natrium hidroksida ditambahkan kepada larutan yang diperolehi di (f).
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan?

[1 mark/markah]
4541/2 8 SULIT

(ii) More sodium hydroxide solution is added to the product obtained in (g)(i) until no more
changes occur. What can be observed?
Larutan natrium hidroksida ditambahkan secara berlebihan kepada larutan yang diperolehi di
(g)(i) sehingga tiada perubahan yang berlaku. Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan?

[1 mark/markah]
(h) What conclusion can be drawn from the observations in (g)i. and (g)ii.?
Apakah kesimpulan yang dapat dibuat daripada pemerhatian di (g)(i) dan (g)(ii)?

..

[1mark/markah]

5 Diagram 5 shows a voltaic cell.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan suatu sel kimia

Magnesium copper / kuprum

Magnesium nitrate solution/ Porous pot/pasu berliang
Larutan magnesium nitrat Copper(II) nitrate solution/
Larutan kuprum(II) nitrat
Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a) What is the function of the porous pot?

Apakah fungsi pasu berliang?
...

[1 mark/markah]
(b) (i) State the negative terminal of the cell
Nyatakan terminal negatif pada sel.

.
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) State the reason for your answer in (b)(i).
Nyatakan alasan bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i)

[1 mark/markah]
4541/2 9 SULIT

(iii) Write the half-equation for the reaction at the negative terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan di terminal negatif.

[1 mark/markah]
(c) (i) What is the colour change observed in the copper(II) nitrate solution?
Apakah perubahan warna bagi kuprum(II) nitrat yang dapat diperhatikan.

..
...
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Write the half -equation for the reaction at the copper rod.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan di rod kuprum.

..
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) Show on the above diagram the flow of the electron.
Tunjukkan arah pergerakan elektron pada rajah di atas [1 mark/markah]

(d) (i) The voltage of the above cell is 2.7 V. The magnesium rod and magnesium nitrate solution are
replaced by a zinc rod and zinc nitrate solution respectively. What is the effect on the voltage ?
Nilai voltan bagi sel di atas ialah 2.7V. Rod magnesium dan larutan magnesium digantikan
dengan rod zink dan larutan zink nitrat. Apakah kesan bagi nilai voltan?
....
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) State a reason for your answer.
Nyatakan alasan bagi jawapan anda.

.....
....
[1mark/markah]
(e ) Write the ionic equation to represent the reaction in the voltaic cell.
Tuliskan persamaan ionik bagi mewakili tindakbalas pada sel kimia.

.
..
[1mark/markah]
4541/2 10 SULIT

6 Table 6 shows the pH of four solutions , W, X, Y and Z.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan pH bagi empat larutan, W, X, Y dan Z.

Solution Description pH
Larutan penerangan pH

W Hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water 1

Gas hidrogen klorida larut di dalam air

X Ammonia gas dissolved in water 10

Gas ammonia larut di dalam air

Y Sodium hydroxide solution 14

Larutan natrium hidroksida

Z Product of reaction between W and Y 7

Hasil tindakbalas antara W dan Y

Table 6

Based on Table 6, answer questions below.

Berdasarkan Jadual 6, jawab soalan di bawah.

(a) (i) Name the strongest alkali.

Namakan alkali kuat.

.

[1mark/markah]

(ii) State one reason for your in ( a ) ( i ).

Nyatakan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda di (a)(i).

.....................................................
[1mark/markah]

( b ) (i) Name the solution, Z.

Namakan larutan Z.

....
[1mark/markah]

(ii) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction that produces Z.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi mewakili tindakbalas yang menghasilkan Z

..........................
[2 marks/markah]
4541/2 11 SULIT

( c ) Explain why X has a lower pH of Y.

Terangkan mengapa X mempunyai nilai pH yang rendah berbanding Y.

...

.......
[2 marks/markah]

(d) 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with 20 cm3 of a given sulphuric acid.
20 cm3 larutan akues natrium hidroksida berkepekatan 0.5 mol dm-3 bertindakbalas dengan 20 cm3
asid sulfurik

2 NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid.

Cari kepekatan asid sulfurik.

[2 marks/markah]
4541/2 12 SULIT

Section B/ Bahagian B
[ 20 marks/markah ]
Answer any one question.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan
The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.
Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab soalan bahagian ini ialah 30 minit.

7. Table 7 shows the proton numbers of sodium, oxygen and carbon.

Jadual menunjukkan nombor proton bagi natrium, oksigen dan karbon.

Element Proton number

Unsur Nombor proton
Sodium, Na 11
Oxygen, O 8
Carbon, C 6

TABLE 7/ JADUAL 7

(a) (i) Sodium and oxygen react to form a compound. Name the type of bond formed and explain its
formation.
Natrium dan oksigen bertindakbalas menghasilkan suatu sebatian. Namakan ikatan yang
terbentuk dan terangkan pembentukannya. [8 marks/markah ]

(ii) Carbon and oxygen react to form a different type of compound. Name the type of bond formed
and explain its formation.
Karbon dan oksigen bertindakbalas menghasilkan sebatian yang berbeza jenis. Namakan ikatan
yang terbentuk dan terangkan pembentukannya. [6 marks/markah ]

(b) State three differences in the physical properties of an ionic compound and a covalent compound.
Explain your answer.
Berikan tiga pebezaan ciri-ciri fizikal di antara sebatian ionik dan sebatian kovalen. Terangkan
jawapan anda [6 marks/markah ]
4541/2 13 SULIT

8 Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show the apparatus used in two experiments, to electrolyse
molten lead (II) iodide and 0.0001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Gambarajah menunjukkan alat radas yang digunakan di dalam dua eksperimen, untuk proses
elektrolisis leburan plumbum(II)iodida dan 0.0001 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik

Experiment Diagram

Wooden block Carbon

I electrode
Lead(II) iodide
Heat

Diagram 8.1

Test tube

0.0001 mol dm-3

II of hydrochloric
acid

Carbon electrode

Diagram 8.2

(a) What is meant by electrolysis and electrolyte?

4541/2 14 SULIT

Apakah maksud elektrolisis dan elektrolit? [2 marks/markah ]

(b) (i) Explain why the electrolyte in Experiment I has to be heated, but not in Experiment II.
Terangkan mengapa elektrolit di dalam Eksperimen I perlu dipanaskan tetapi tidak di dalam
Eksperimen II. [2 marks/markah ]

(ii) Write the formulae of all ions present in both electrolytes of Experiments I and II.
Tuliskan formula ion-ion yang hadir di dalam kedua-dua elektrolit di daalm Eksperimen I
dan II. [2 marks/markah ]

(iii) Different products are formed at the electrodes in both experiments. For both experiments,
state the product formed at each electrode. Explain how the products are formed. Include the
half-equation for the reaction at each electrode
Hasil yang berbeza terbentuk di elektrod-elektrod di dalam kedua-dua eksperimen. Bagi
setiap eksperimen, nyatakan hasil yang terbentuk pada setiap elektrod. Terangkan bagaimana
hasil-hasil tersebut terbentuk. Tuliskan juga setengah persamaan di setiap elektrod bagi
kedua-dua eksperimen. [10 marks/markah ]

(c) In Experiment II, 0.0001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is replaced with 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid. Explain why the product at the cathodes is the same, whereas the products at the anodes are
different.
Di dalam Eksperimen II, 0.0001 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik diganti dengan 0.1 mol dm-3 asid
hidroklorik. Terangkan mengapa hasil di katod tetap sama manakala hasil di anod berubah.
[4 marks/markah ]
4541/2 15 SULIT

Section C/ Bahagian C
[ 20 marks/markah ]
Answer any one question.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan
The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.
Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab soalan bahagian ini ialah 30 minit.

9 (a) (i) What is meant by standard solution ? [1 mark/ markah]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan larutan piawai?

(ii) Describe how 100 cm3 of a 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution can be prepared in the
school laboratory.Your description should include the calculation.
Terangkan bagaimana 100 cm3 larutan natirum hidroksida, 2.0 moldm-3 boleh disediakan di
makmal sekolah. Penerangan anda perlu disertakan langkah-langkah pengiraan.
[ Relative atomic mass of Na=23, O=16, H=1]
[Jisim atom relatif Na=23, O=16, H=1]
[6 marks/markah]

(b) (i) Titration method can be used to determine the concentration of a solution.
Describe an experiment to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid by titrating it
with 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution.
Your answer should include :
Kaedah pentitratan boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan sesuatu larutan.
Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan
menggunakan 2.0 moldm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Jawapan anda perlu disertakan:
Apparatus and materials/ Bahan dan radas
Procedure/ prosedur
Table for recording results/ Penjadualan data
[10 marks/ markah]

(ii) 26.00 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is used to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide.
The chemical equation for this reaction is :
26.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik digunakan untuk meneutralkan 25.00 cm3 natrium hidoksida
2.0 moldm-3.
Persamaam kimia bagi tindakbalas ialah:
4541/2 16 SULIT

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid in mol dm-3 .

Kira kepekatan asid hidroklorik di dalam unit mol dm-3
[3 marks/ markah]

10 (a) Name one soluble and one insoluble salt.

Write the chemical equation for any reaction that can be used to prepare
for each salt.
Namakan satu garam larut dan satu garam tak terlarut. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi mana-mana
tindakbalas yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan setiap garam tersebut.
[4 marks/ markah]

(b) You are provided with zinc nitrate crystals. Describe confirmatory tests for
the cation and anion in the given salt.
Anda dibekalkan kristal zink nitrat. Terangkan ujikaji pengesahan kation dan anion di dalam
garam yang dibekalkan.
[6 marks/ markah]

(c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium nitrate crystals.

The chemicals provided are
Anda dikehendaki menyediakan kristal magnesium nitrat. Bahan-bahan yang dibekalkan ialah
Magnesium sulphate solution
Larutan magnesium sulfat
Dilute nitric acid
Asid nitrik cair
Sodium carbonate solution
Larutan natrium karbonat

Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include all chemical
equations involved.
Terangkan eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam tersebut. Dalam penerangan anda,
persamaan kimia yang terlibat perlu disertakan.
[10 marks/ markah]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
4541/2 17 SULIT
 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1
H
4541/2
2
Hydrogen
1 He
Helium
Proton number 4
3 4 10 5 6 7 8 9 10
Symbol
Li Be Ne B C N O F Ne
Neon Name of element
Lithium Berylium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Flourine Neon
20
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Relative atomic bass
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Ng AI SI P S CI Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Ce Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Maganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Sr Zr Nb Mo Te Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
86 88 89 91 93 93 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La La Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
18

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109

Fr Ra Ac Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une
Francium Radium Actinium Unnil- Unnil- Unnil- Unnilseptium Unniloctium Unnilennium
quadium pendium hexium
223 226 227 257 260 263 262 265 266

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Praseo-
Cerium dymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
140 140 144 147 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Em Md No Lr
Mendele-
Thorium Proactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkerium Californium Einsteinium Fermium vium Nobelium Lawrensium
232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 249 254 253 256 254 257
SULIT
 JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR
1
H
4541/2

2
Hidrogen
1 He
Helium
Nombor proton 4
3 4 10 5 6 7 8 9 10
Simbol
Li Be Ne B C N O F Ne
Litium Berilium Neon Nama unsur Boron Karbon Nitrogen Oxygen Florin Neon
20
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Jisim atom relatif
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Ng AI SI P S CI Ar
Natrium Magnesium Aluminum Silikon Fosforus Sulfur Klorin Argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Ce Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Kalium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan Ferum Kobalt Nikel Kuprum Zink Galium Germanium Arsenik Selenium Bromin Kripton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Sr Zr Nb Mo Te Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Itrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdenum Teknetium Rutenium Rhodium Paladium Argentum Kadmium Indium Stanum Antimoni Telurium Iodin Xenon
86 88 89 91 93 93 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La La Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
Sesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Renium Osmium Iridium Platinum Aurum Merkuri Thalium Plumbum Bismut Polonium Astatin Radon
19

133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109

Fr Ra Ac Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une
Unnil- Unnil- Unnil- Unnilseptium Unniloktium Unnilenium
Fransium Radium Aktinium kuadium pendium heksium
223 226 227 257 260 263 262 265 266

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Praseo-
Serium dimium Neodimium Prometium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Erbium Tulium Iterbium Lutetium
140 140 144 147 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Em Md No Lr
Mendele-
Torium Proaktinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Kurium Berkerium Kalifornium Einsteinium Fermium vium Nobelium Lawrensium
232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 249 254 253 256 254 257
SULIT