This document discusses three intellectual revolutionaries that transformed society: Nicolaus Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, contradicting the Ptolemaic geocentric model. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, published in On the Origin of Species, provided an alternative to the theory of creation. Freud developed psychoanalysis as an observational method to study the human mind and neurotic illness scientifically. These three figures sparked scientific revolutions that changed fundamental understandings in astronomy, biology and psychology and transformed how people approach and understand the world.
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STS-Module 3
This document discusses three intellectual revolutionaries that transformed society: Nicolaus Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, contradicting the Ptolemaic geocentric model. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, published in On the Origin of Species, provided an alternative to the theory of creation. Freud developed psychoanalysis as an observational method to study the human mind and neurotic illness scientifically. These three figures sparked scientific revolutions that changed fundamental understandings in astronomy, biology and psychology and transformed how people approach and understand the world.
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Module 3
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud contributed to the spark of scientific revolution. 2. Describe the development of Science and Technology during the scientific revolution 3. Explain and recognize the significance of the technology invented during the scientific revolution. 4. Recognize and appreciate the works of the different proponents 5. Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and technology. INTRODUCTION Below are well-known personalities who made significant contributions to science. Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer known as the Father of Modern astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to propose that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun or known as heliocentric theory. This caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed in the heavens or universe. It is the idea that rejected Ptolemaic model which states that the earth is the center of the solar system. The heliocentric model proved that the sun is the center of the universe and that the planets revolve around it. Charles Darwin This has brought a great impact on how people approach Biology forever. This revolution provided a different theory than the theory of creation. The Darwinian revolution started when Charles Darwin published his book, “The Origin of Species” that emphasizes that humans are a result of evolution. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is a famous figure in psychology. He also made a significant contribution to the scientific world through the development of an important observational method to gather reliable data to study human’s inner life. This method is popularly known as psychoanalysis. The scientific hypothesis he formulated formed the essential fundamental version of this method. For Freud, this method of psychoanalysis is a scientific way to study the human mind and neurotic illness. It is no doubt that amidst all questions on his works that led to some sort of academic controversy, his method of psychoanalysis had great impact on the scientific way of understanding human nature.