Grade

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2
MELC 3–5

Quadratic Equations

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PART I.

A. INTRODUCTION

This module will help you improve your skills in performing math operations and solving
problems involving the transformation of ordinary quadratic equations into complex ones. By
the end of this module, you will have gained a deeper understanding of the concepts and
procedures taught in this course. This will help you in solving problems related to algebra and
performing mathematical operations.

To discover the answers to the critical question; the set of activities will have to be
performed. If the difficulty level rises, ask for help from other students or ask your teacher.

B. PRETEST
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1 2𝑥
1. Express + as a single fraction.
𝑥 5
2𝑥 2 1+2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 5+2𝑥 2
A. +5 B. C. − 15 D.
5𝑥 5+𝑥 6𝑥 5𝑥

2. Which of the following is the standard form of quadratic equation?

A. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 < 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0 C. 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
B. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0 D. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
3. Which is the following is equivalent to 𝑥(𝑥 + 5) = 2?
A. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 2 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
4. What is the sum of the roots of 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0?
A. −2 B. -8 C. 2 D. 8
5. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation 6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 3 = 0?
3 1 1 3
A. − B. − C. D. −
2 2 2 2

C. PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

MELC 3: Characterizes the roots of quadratic equations using the discriminant

The nature of the roots of quadratic equation can be determined using discriminant. In
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
the quadratic formula the radicand 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐, is called discriminant.
2𝑎

Here are the following nature of roots by using Discriminant:

• If 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐 = 0, the roots are real, rational, and equal.
• If 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 and a perfect square, then the roots are real, rational, and unequal.
• If 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 and not a perfect square, the roots are real, irrational, and unequal.
• If 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 the roots are not real or imaginary.

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B. Illustrative Examples:

a. 𝑥 2 – 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
D = 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐
D = (−2)2 – 4(1)(1)
D=4– 4
D=0
Therefore the roots are real, rational, and equal.

b. 3𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 2 = 0
D = 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐
D = (−1)2 – 4(3)(−2)
D = 1 + 24
D = 25
Since D > 0 and a perfect square
Therefore the roots are real, rational, and unequal.

c. 𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 7 = 0
D = 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐
D = (−6)2 – 4(1)(7)
D = 36 – 28
D=8
Since D > 0 and not a perfect square.
Therefore the roots are real, irrational and unequal.
d. 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
D = 𝑏 2 – 4𝑎𝑐
D = (−4)2 – 4(1)(5)
D = 16 – 20
D = −4
Since D < 0
Therefore the roots are not real or imaginary.

MELC 4: Describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a
Quadratic Equations

Given the coefficients 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , the

Discriminant, 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐, tells us the type of roots of the equation. On the other hand, the
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
quadratic formula 𝑥 = can be used to derive the relationship between the roots and
2𝑎
the coefficients of the equation itself. Consider the following:

Given: 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
By the quadratic formula, the two roots can be represented as
−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥1 = and 𝑥2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎

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➢ The sum of roots is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ➢ The product of roots is 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2
−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
+ ( )∙( )
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐−𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏2 +𝑏√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐−𝑏√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐−(𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐)

2𝑎 4𝑎2
−𝑏−𝑏 𝑏2 −𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎 4𝑎2
−2𝑏 𝑏 4𝑎𝑐 𝑐
thus, the sum is − thus, the product is
2𝑎 𝑎 4𝑎2 𝑎

➢ Thus, the sum of the roots of a quadratic ➢ Thus, the product of the roots of a
equation in terms of its coefficients is quadratic equation in terms of its
denoted by: coefficients is denoted by:
𝑏 𝑐
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 =
𝑎 𝑎

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
A. Find the sum and product of the roots of the following equations, use the formulas
presented in the discussion.
1. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0 𝑎=1 𝑏=7 𝑐 = 10
The sum of the roots is The product of the roots is
𝑏 7 𝑐 10
− = − or −7 = or 10
𝑎 1 𝑎 1
2. 2𝑥 2
− 7𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑎=2 𝑏 = −7 𝑐 = −4
The sum of the roots is The product of the roots is
𝑏 −7 7 𝑐 −4
− = − ( ) or = or −2
𝑎 2 2 𝑎 2

B. Write a quadratic equation given the roots below.

1. 3 and −5
Though this question can be answered by simply multiplying the factors formed by
these roots:
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5) = 0
Let us apply the relationship between roots and the coefficients and the constants.
The sum of the roots is 3 + (−5) = −2 The product of the roots is
So the coefficient of the second term is 2 (3)(−5) = −15
(the negation of the sum) So the constant term is −15
An equation that has the roots 3 and −5 is 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 0.

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2. −3 and
2
1 5 The product of the roots is
The sum of the roots is −3 + = −
2 2 1 3
5
So the coefficient of the second term is (−3) ( ) = −
2 2 2
(the negation of the sum) 3
So the constant term is −
2

1 5 3
An equation that has the roots −3 and is 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − = 0 or 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3 = 0.
2 2 2

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MELC 5: Solve equations transformable to quadratic equations

Transform each of the following equations to a quadratic equation in the form

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 and solve for its roots.

1. 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 3 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 distribute and write it in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 factor
𝒙 = −𝟑, 𝒙 = 𝟏

2. (𝑥 + 6)² = 25 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 11 = 0 distribute and write it in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

(𝑥 + 11)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 factor
𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟏
3 5 3 5
3. + =1 (𝑥)(𝑥 + 4) + = 1(𝑥)(𝑥 + 4) multiply both sides by the LCD (x)(x+4)
𝑥 𝑥+4 𝑥 𝑥+4
3(𝑥 + 4) + 5𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) write it in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6) = 0 factor
𝒙 = −𝟐, 𝒙 = 𝟔

There are equations that are transformable to quadratic equations. These equations
may be given in different forms. Hence, the procedures in transforming these equations to
quadratic equations may also be different. Once the equations are transformed to quadratic
equations, then they can be solved using the different methods of solving quadratic equations,
such as extracting square roots, factoring, completing the square and using the quadratic
formula. An extraneous root of an equation can be derived from an original equation. However,
it is not a solution of the original equation.

PART II. ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: Characterizes the roots of quadratic equations using the discriminant

“Where do you like to go in Pangasinan?”

Direction: Characterize the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations
using the discriminant. Use the legend below

Our Lady of Hundred Patar White Sand Bolinao

Manaoag Islands Beach Light House

(rational and (rational and not (irrational and not (no real roots)
equal) equal) equal)

___________________ 1. 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 = 0 ___________________ 4. 𝑥32 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

___________________ 2. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 13 = 0 ___________________ 5. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
___________________ 3. 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = −4

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ACTIVITY 2

A. Solve for the sum and product of the roots of the following quadratic equations.
1. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 24 = 0
3. 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 11 = 0
4. 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 8 = 0
5. 8𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 15 = 0
B. Using the data, find for the quadratic equation.
6+√15 6−√15
1. Roots are and
3 3
11
2. Sum of the roots: root: 3
2
6 2
3. Product of the roots: − root:
5 5

ACTIVITY 3

Find the roots of the equations.

1. 𝑥 (𝑥 − 7) = 30
2. (𝑦 + 5)2 + (𝑦 – 2)2 = 37
3. 2(3𝑥 − 1)2 = 8

PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following quadratic equations has no real roots?

A. 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 3 C. 3𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 = −5
B. 𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 − 4 = 0 D. −2𝑟 2 + 𝑟 + 7 = 0
2. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its discriminant
is zero?
A. The roots are not real.
B. The roots are irrational and not equal.
C. The roots are rational and not equal.
D. The roots are rational and equal.
3. One of the roots of 2𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 20 = 0 is 4. What is the other root?
2 5 2 5
A.− B. − C. D.
5 2 5 2
4. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 56 = 0?
A. 2 and -1 B. 8 and -7 C. -8 and 7 D. 3 and -2
5. Which of the following quadratic equations has roots whose sum is −1 and the
product −12?
A. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 12 B. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 12 C. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 24 D. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 24
2
6. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 3 = 0?
1 3
A. −1 B. − C. 1 D.
2 2
7. Given the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 10 = 0, what is the product of its roots?
13 10 10 13
A. − B. − C. D.
3 3 3 3

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8. Which of the following equation have 8 and -2 as its roots?
A. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 16 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 16 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
1
9. The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is 0. If one of its roots is , which of the
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following could be the equation?
A. 4𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0
B. 4𝑥 2 − 1 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0
1 1
10. The sum and the product of the roots of a quadratic equation are and −
10 5
respectively, which of the following is the quadratic equation?
A. 10𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 = 0 C. 10𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0
B. 10𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 = 0 D. 10𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0
11. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
4𝑥
A. 𝑥(2𝑥 − 8) = 2 B. 𝑥 3 + 9 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 + = 10 D. 5x + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0
𝑥5

12. Express the (𝑥 + 2)2 + 9 = 0 in standard form.

A. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 13 = 0 B. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 9 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 13 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0
13. Which of the following is the transformed Quadratic Equation of the equation
2
𝑥+ = 4?
𝑥+1

A. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 B. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
14. What are the roots of the equation (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑥 + 9)2 = 10
A. −8, −6 B. 3, 4 C. 5,2 D. 2, −3
15. Find the roots of the equation 3(𝑥 − 2)2 = 6
A. −√2 + 2 , √2 + 2 B. −√5 + 2 , √5 + 2 C. 5,2 D. 2, −3

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https://brainly.ph/
https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/
http://www.algebrahelp.com/lessons/equation/quadratic
Websites:
Publishing House, Inc
Yvette F. Lim et.al. 2014. The New Grade 9, Math for Engaged Learning Quezon City: Sibs
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc
Fernando B. Orines et.al. 2014. The New Grade 9, Next Century Mathematics Quezon City:
Books:
References:
Pretest
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
ACTIVITY 1
1. Discriminant: 1 Hundred Islands
2. Discriminant: -16 Bolinao Light House
3. Discriminant: -23 Bolinao Light House
4. Discriminant: 64 Hundred Islands
5. Discriminant: 0 Our Lady of Manaoag
ACTIVITY 2
A.
SUM PRODUCT
1. -6 5
2. 5 -24
3. 4 11/2
10 8
4. −
3 3
7 15
5. − −
4 8
B.
1. 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 7 = 0
2. 2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 15 = 0
3. 5𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 6 = 0
ACTIVITY 3
1. 𝑥 = −3, 𝑥 = 10
2. 𝑦 = −4, 𝑦 = 1
1
3. 𝑥 = − , 𝑥 = 1
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ANSWER KEY
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