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CHAPTER 3

Methodology of the study

This chapter presents the method and techniques utilized in the study. It
likewise describes the respondents in the study, research instruments data
gathering techniques, data analysis, and statistics.

Research Design

The main objective of the study is to identify the level of viewing comprehension

of selected grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences of San Mateo Senior High

School

In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers used the

descriptive–correlational research method. The descriptive research method

according to (Koh & Owen, 2000), is based on the premise that problems can be

solved and practices improved through observation, analysis, and description.

The most common descriptive research method is the survey, which includes

questionnaires, personal interviews, phone surveys, and normative surveys. A

descriptive study is one in which data is gathered without changing the

environment (nothing is controlled). It is used to get data concerning the present

status of the phenomena to portray "what exists" regarding factors or conditions

in a circumstance. The strategies included range from the study which portrays

existing conditions. Correlational research is a type of research method that

involves observing two variables in order to establish a statistically corresponding

relationship between them. The aim of correlational research is to identify

variables that have some sort of relationship to the extent that a change in one

creates some change in the other. This type of research is descriptive, unlike

experimental research that relies entirely on scientific methodology and

hypothesis.

The researchers used purposive sampling techniques in this study to distinguish

the quantities of their respondents. The researchers set the desired number of

respondents for this study to identify the level of viewing comprehension of

selected grade 12 students. To get the distribution of the respondents according

to year level the researchers use random sampling.

In this study, the researchers used a questionnaire to answer the statement of

the problem stated in chapter 1.

Study Locale

The Researcher will conduct the study using questionnaires to be sent in emails

for the efficiency of the researchers since there is still the danger of the

pandemic. The chosen respondents of thirty (30) selected students are the

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Grade 12 students of A.Y 2022-2023

of San Mateo Senior High School in Guitnang Bayan 1, San Mateo, Rizal.

Population and Sampling

The study focused on Grade 12 HUMSS Students of San Mateo Senior High

School during the A.Y. 2022-2023 as their respondents.

Sampling technique is the process of selecting a sample from a given population.

There are different types of sampling techniques and the present study used the

convenience sampling. The researchers will use a non-probability, convenience

sampling, and will use survey as the research instrument.

Research Instrumentation

To get the appropriate data needed for the study, the researcher made a

questionnaire for the respondents, and the questionnaire has two parts. The first

part will ask for the demographic profile of the respondents: sex, age, mother

tongue, and language used for communication. In the latter part of the study, it

will be used in order to know if the demographic profile of the respondents has a

significant relationship to their viewing comprehension. The second part of the

questionnaire will test the viewing comprehension of the respondents with the

help of Barret’s Taxonomy so that the questionnaire that will be used is valid and

reliable.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher made a letter for approval to conduct the study at San
Mateo Senior High School thru the respective school heads, for their consent to
conduct the study. And due to the current health issues, the researcher will use
email address or social media messaging apps to formally ask for the approval.
Once the request has been granted and the questionnaire were validated by the
professor, the online survey questionnaire using google form will be administered
to the Selected thirty (30) Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences Students of
San Mateo Senior High School. The participants will be given time to respond
and then the researchers will collect the data from the survey questionnaires.

After collecting all the data, the results of the retrieved copies of the
questionnaire will be tabulated. Then, the data will be analyzed and interpreted
using the most appropriate statistical procedures.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment of Data

To analyze and interpret the information gathered, the following statistical

measures will be used.

Frequency and Percentage

The researcher will use frequency and percentage in identifying the total number

of respondents from the selected grade 12 Humanities and Social Science of

San Mateo Senior High School.

The formula for computing the number of samples is given below.

f
%= x 100
n

Where;
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% = Percentage

f = Frequency

n = Number of respondents

Weighted Mean

The researchers will use the weighted mean to determine the level of viewing

comprehension. The formula for computing the weighted mean and the verbal

interpretation is given below.

∑ WnXn
x=
∑Wn

Where;
x̄ = the mean value of the set of given data.
w = corresponding weight for each observation.

Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation

The Pearson Product Moment of Correlation

The researchers will use Pearson Product Moment of Correlation to determine if

there is a significant relationship between the demographic profile and the level

of viewing comprehension. The formula for the computation and the

interpretation is given below.

n Σ XY −(Σ X)( Σ Y )
r=
√ n Σ X 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
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where: n the number of paired observations

ΣX the sum of observations of X variable

ΣY the sum of observations of Y variable

the sum of square of each observation of X variable

ΣY 2 the sum of square of each observation of Y variable

¿ the square of the sum of observations of X variable

¿ the square of the sum of observations of Y variable

Perfect Positive Correlation 1.00

Strong Positive Correlation

Moderate Positive Correlation 0.5

Weak Positive Correlation

No Correlation 0

Weak Negative Correlation

Moderate Negative Correlation -0.5

Strong Negative Correlation

Perfect Negative Correlation -1.00

Source: Statistical Technique in Business and Economics by Robert D. Mason, 6 th edition. pp. 54

Ethical Consideration

Various ethical considerations are taken into account when performing the study.
Respect for the study participants is the first and most essential ethical
consideration that is observed in this study. It's because the study's participants
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serve as a framework for various ethical principles. The participants have the
right to be treated with substantial respect because volunteers aren't only a
means of gathering information.

Another ethical consideration that are taken into account is the free will and
consent of the participants. The participants are required to fill out a consent form
before being granted permission to answer the questionnaires. This form
contains information on the study's purpose and what the participation entails.
Apart from that, they have entire autonomy over their participation in the research
process (E. Smythe, 2000). Furthermore, the signed consent papers inform the
participants that the researcher intends to use the questionnaires for research
purposes. As a result, it can be claimed that the researcher respected
everyone's decision to participate or not in the study.

Privacy, secrecy, and anonymity were also crucial and relevant ethical
considerations in the research. These were used to guide the study in achieving
its goal. The researcher is more concerned about secrecy and privacy because
they are the researcher's first and most important considerations. Personal
information of the participants is protected due to privacy concerns. In Data
Privacy Act 2012, the comprehensive and strict privacy legislation “to protect the
fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of
information to promote innovation and growth.” (Republic Act. No. 10173, Ch. 1,
Sec. 2) is considered in this study to ensure that the privacy of the participants is
not violated.

Koh, Eunsook & Owen, Willis. (2000). Descriptive Research and Qualitative Research.
10.1007/978-1-4615-1401-5_12.
Koh, Eunsook & Owen, Willis. (2000). Descriptive Research and Qualitative Research.
10.1007/978-1-4615-1401-5_12.

Kho, E., & Owen, W. (2000, January). Descriptive Research and Qualitative Research.
researchgate.net. Retrieved May 19, 2022, from
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302293490_Descriptive_Research_and_
Qualitative_Research

Blog, F. (2020, January 23). Correlational Research Designs: Types, examples &
methods. Formplus. Retrieved May 19, 2022, from
https://www.formpl.us/blog/correlational-research

https://iapp.org/news/a/summary-philippines-data-protection-act-and-implementing-
regulations/#:~:text=In%202012%20the%20Philippines%20passed,1%2C%20Sec.