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Assignment 1 Solution

The document provides 3 problems involving solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gaussian-Jordan elimination. Problem 1 has 3 systems of equations with 3 unknowns each to solve using Gaussian elimination. Problem 2 asks to solve the same systems from Problem 1 using Gaussian-Jordan elimination. Problem 3 provides another system of 4 equations with 4 unknowns to solve using both Gaussian elimination and Gaussian-Jordan elimination. The document provides the full systems of equations and steps to solve each one.

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30 views8 pages

Assignment 1 Solution

The document provides 3 problems involving solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gaussian-Jordan elimination. Problem 1 has 3 systems of equations with 3 unknowns each to solve using Gaussian elimination. Problem 2 asks to solve the same systems from Problem 1 using Gaussian-Jordan elimination. Problem 3 provides another system of 4 equations with 4 unknowns to solve using both Gaussian elimination and Gaussian-Jordan elimination. The document provides the full systems of equations and steps to solve each one.

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Assignment 1 Linear Algebra (MATH-104) Date: 18-06-2022

Total Marks: 100 Due: Tuesday, 28-06-2022

Problem 1 (10+10+10=30 Marks)

Solve the following systems of linear equations using GAUSS ELIMINATION Method.
(a)
𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 = 8
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 9𝑦 = 9

1 −1 1 ⋮ 8
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 3 −1 ⋮ −2]
3 −2 −9 ⋮ −9
1 −1 1 ⋮ 8 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −18]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−3)𝑅1
0 1 −12 ⋮ −15
1 −1 1 ⋮ 8
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −18 ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/5)𝑅1
0 0 −57/5 ⋮ −57/5

𝑧=1 ; 𝑦 = −3 ; 𝑥=4 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(b)
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 15
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1

1 4 −1 ⋮ 4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 5 8 ⋮ 15]
1 3 −3 ⋮ 1
1 4 −1 ⋮ 4 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ 7]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 −2 ⋮ −3
1 4 −1 ⋮ 4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ 7 ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/3)𝑅1
0 0 −16/3 ⋮ −16/3

𝑧=1 ; 𝑦=1 ; 𝑥=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(c)
𝑤 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
−𝑤 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
2𝑤 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 14
𝑤 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8
1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
−1 1 2 −1 ⋮ 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
2 −1 2 2 ⋮ 14
1 1 −1 2 ⋮ 8

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (1)𝑅1
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 9
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−2)𝑅1
0 −5 4 0 ⋮ 2
𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 0 1 ⋮ 2

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 9 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (5/3)𝑅2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ 17 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (1/3)𝑅2
0 0 1/3 1 ⋮ 5

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 9
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1/17)𝑅3
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ 17
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4

𝑧=4 ; 𝑦=3 ; 𝑥=2 ; 𝑤=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

Problem 2 (10+10+10=30 Marks)

Solve all the system of linear equations given in Problem 1 by using GAUSS-JORDAN ELIMINATION
Method.
(a)
𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 = 8
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 9𝑦 = 9

1 −1 1 ⋮ 8
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 3 −1 ⋮ −2]
3 −2 −9 ⋮ −9
1 −1 1 ⋮ 8 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −18]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−3)𝑅1
0 1 −12 ⋮ −15
1 −1 1 ⋮ 8
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −18 ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/5)𝑅1
0 0 −57/5 ⋮ −57/5

1 −1 1 ⋮ 8 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 −3/5 ⋮ −18/5] 𝑅2 → (1/5)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1 𝑅3 → (−5/57)𝑅3

1 −1 0 ⋮ 7 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (3/5)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ −3]
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−1)𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 1
1 0 0 ⋮ 4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ −3] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1
𝑧=1 ; 𝑦 = −3 ; 𝑥=4 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(b)
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 15
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1

1 4 −1 ⋮ 4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 5 8 ⋮ 15]
1 3 −3 ⋮ 1
1 4 −1 ⋮ 4 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ 7]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 −2 ⋮ −3
1 4 −1 ⋮ 4
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ 7 ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/3)𝑅1
0 0 −16/3 ⋮ −16/3

1 4 −1 ⋮ 4 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 −10/3 ⋮ −7/3] 𝑅2 → (−1/3)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1 𝑅3 → (−3/16)𝑅3

1 4 0 ⋮ 5 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (10/3)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ 1]
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 1
1 0 0 ⋮ 1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ 1] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−4)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1

𝑧=1 ; 𝑦=1 ; 𝑥=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(c)
𝑤 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
−𝑤 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
2𝑤 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 14
𝑤 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8
1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
−1 1 2 −1 ⋮ 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
2 −1 2 2 ⋮ 14
1 1 −1 2 ⋮ 8

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (1)𝑅1
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 9
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−2)𝑅1
0 −5 4 0 ⋮ 2
𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 0 1 ⋮ 2

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 9 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (5/3)𝑅2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ 17 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (1/3)𝑅2
0 0 1/3 1 ⋮ 5
1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6
0 3 4 0 ⋮ 9
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1/17)𝑅3
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ 17
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 6 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
0 1 1/3 0 ⋮ 3 𝑅2 → (1/3)𝑅2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 1 0 ⋮ 3 𝑅3 → (3/17)𝑅3
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4 𝑅4 → (1)𝑅4

1 2 −1 0 ⋮ 2 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (0)𝑅4
0 1 1/3 0 ⋮ 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (0)𝑅4
0 0 1 0 ⋮ 3
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−1)𝑅4
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4

1 2 0 0 ⋮ 5
0 1 0 0 ⋮ 2 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/3)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 1 0 ⋮ 3 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅3
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4

1 0 0 0 ⋮ 1
0 1 0 0 ⋮ 2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−2)𝑅2
0 0 1 0 ⋮ 3
0 0 0 1 ⋮ 4

𝑧=4 ; 𝑦=3 ; 𝑥=2 ; 𝑤=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

Problem 3 (10+10+10=30 Marks)

Write down all the systems of linear equations given in Problem 1 in the form 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏. Then compute the
inverse of Matrix 𝐴 as 𝐴−1 using GAUSS-JORDAN Method, and then solve the systems of linear
equations by computing 𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝑏.

(a)
𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 = 8
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 9𝑦 = 9

1 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 3 −1 ⋮ 0 1 0]
3 −2 −9 ⋮ 0 0 1
1 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −2 1 0]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−3)𝑅1
0 1 −12 ⋮ −3 0 1
1 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 5 −3 ⋮ −2 1 0] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/5)𝑅1
0 0 −57/5 ⋮ −13/5 −1/5 1
1 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 1 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 −3/5 ⋮ −2/5 1/5 0 ] 𝑅2 → (1/5)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 13/57 1/57 −5/57 𝑅3 → (−5/57)𝑅3

1 −1 0 ⋮ 44/57 −1/57 5/57


𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (3/5)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ −5/19 4/19 −1/19]
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−1)𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 13/57 1/57 −5/57

1 0 0 ⋮ 29/57 11/57 2/57


[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ −5/19 4/19 −1/19] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 13/57 1/57 −5/57

29/57 11/57 2/57 8


𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝑏 = [−5/19 4/19 −1/19] [−2]
13/57 1/57 −5/57 9

𝑧=1 ; 𝑦 = −3 ; 𝑥=4 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

(b)
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 15
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1

1 4 −1 ⋮ 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [2 5 8 ⋮ 0 1 0]
1 3 −3 ⋮ 0 0 1
1 4 −1 ⋮ 1 0 0 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−2)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ −2 1 0]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 −2 ⋮ −1 0 1

1 4 −1 ⋮ 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 −3 10 ⋮ −2 1 0] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/3)𝑅1
0 0 −16/3 ⋮ −1/3 −1/3 1

1 4 −1 ⋮ 1 0 1 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 −10/3 ⋮ 2/3 −1/3 0 ] 𝑅2 → (−1/3)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1/16 1/16 −3/16 𝑅3 → (−3/16)𝑅3

1 4 0 ⋮ 17/16 1/16 −3/16


𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (10/3)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ 7/8 −1/8 −5/8 ]
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 1/16 1/16 −3/16

1 0 0 ⋮ −39/16 9/16 37/16


[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [0 1 0 ⋮ 7/8 −1/8 −5/8 ] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−4)𝑅2
0 0 1 ⋮ 1/16 1/16 −3/16

−39/16 9/16 37/16 4


𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝑏 = [ 7/8 −1/8 −5/8 ] [15]
1/16 1/16 −3/16 1

𝑧=1 ; 𝑦=1 ; 𝑥=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟


(c)
𝑤 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
−𝑤 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
2𝑤 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 14
𝑤 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8
1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 0
−1 1 2 −1 ⋮ 0 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
2 −1 2 2 ⋮ 0 0 1 0
1 1 −1 2 ⋮ 0 0 0 1

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 0 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (1)𝑅1
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 1 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (−2)𝑅1
0 −5 4 0 ⋮ −2 0 1 0
𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1)𝑅1
0 −1 0 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 1

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 0
0 3 1 0 ⋮ 1 1 0 0 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (5/3)𝑅2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ −1/3 5/3 1 0 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (1/3)𝑅2
0 0 1/3 1 ⋮ −2/3 1/3 0 1

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 0
0 3 4 0 ⋮ 1 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + (−1/17)𝑅3
0 0 17/3 0 ⋮ −1/3 5/3 1 0
0 0 0 1 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 1

1 2 −1 1 ⋮ 1 0 0 0 𝑅1 → (1)𝑅1
0 1 1/3 0 ⋮ 1/3 1/3 0 0 𝑅2 → (1/3)𝑅2
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 1 0 ⋮ −1/17 5/17 3/17 0 𝑅3 → (3/17)𝑅3
0 0 0 1 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 1 𝑅4 → (1)𝑅4

1 2 −1 0 ⋮ 28/17 −4/17 1/17 −1


𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + (0)𝑅4
0 1 1/3 0 ⋮ 1/3 1/3 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (0)𝑅4
0 0 1 0 ⋮ −1/17 5/17 3/17 0
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−1)𝑅4
0 0 0 1 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 1

1 2 0 0 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 −1


0 1 0 0 ⋮ 6/17 4/17 −1/17 0 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + (−1/3)𝑅3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ]
0 0 1 0 ⋮ −1/17 5/17 3/17 0 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (1)𝑅3
0 0 0 1 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 1

1 0 0 0 ⋮ 15/17 −7/17 6/17 −1


0 1 0 0 ⋮ 6/17 4/17 −1/17 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝑏] = [ ] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + (−2)𝑅2
0 0 1 0 ⋮ −1/17 5/17 3/17 0
0 0 0 1 ⋮ −11/17 4/17 −1/17 1

15/17 −7/17 6/17 −1 6


6/17 4/17 −1/17 0
𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝑏 = [ ][ 3 ]
−1/17 5/17 3/17 0 14
−11/17 4/17 −1/17 1 8

𝑧=4 ; 𝑦=3 ; 𝑥=2 ; 𝑤=1 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟


Problem 4 (10 Marks)

Write a MATLAB code that first computes the inverse of MATRIX 𝐴 using Gauss-Jordan Method, and
then solves the system of linear equations by computing 𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝑏.
clc;
clearvars;

A = [1 2 -1 1; -1 1 2 -1; 2 -1 2 2; 1 1 -1 2];
I = eye(4,4);
b = [6;3;14;8]
AI = [A I];

a21 = -1*AI(2,1)/AI(1,1);
AI(2,:) = AI(2,:) + a21*AI(1,:);

a31 = -1*AI(3,1)/AI(1,1);
AI(3,:) = AI(3,:) + a31*AI(1,:);

a41 = -1*AI(4,1)/AI(1,1);
AI(4,:) = AI(4,:) + a41*AI(1,:)

a32 = -1*AI(3,2)/AI(2,2);
AI(3,:) = AI(3,:) + a32*AI(2,:);

a42 = -1*AI(4,2)/AI(2,2);
AI(4,:) = AI(4,:) + a42*AI(2,:)

a43 = -1*AI(4,3)/AI(3,3);
AI(4,:) = AI(4,:) + a43*AI(3,:)

a44 = AI(4,4);
AI(4,:) = 1/a44*AI(4,:);

a33 = AI(3,3);
AI(3,:) = 1/a33*AI(3,:);

a22 = AI(2,2);
AI(2,:) = 1/a22*AI(2,:);

a11 = AI(1,1);
AI(1,:) = 1/a11*AI(1,:)

a34 = -1*AI(3,4)/AI(4,4);
AI(3,:) = AI(3,:) + a34*AI(4,:);

a24 = -1*AI(2,4)/AI(4,4);
AI(2,:) = AI(2,:) + a24*AI(4,:);

a14 = -1*AI(1,4)/AI(4,4);
AI(1,:) = AI(1,:) + a14*AI(4,:)

a23 = -1*AI(2,3)/AI(3,3);
AI(2,:) = AI(2,:) + a23*AI(3,:);

a13 = -1*AI(1,3)/AI(3,3);
AI(1,:) = AI(1,:) + a13*AI(3,:)

a12 = -1*AI(1,2)/AI(2,2);
AI(1,:) = AI(1,:) + a12*AI(2,:)

x=AI(:,5:end)*b

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