uf]/vf df= lj=, bfª $= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst kbx¿sf] kb ju{ 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ M

cEof; k/LIff–@)&( #
ljifoM g]kfnL -Joj:yfkg_ xfd|f] b]zsf >lds hgtfn] cem} klg c¿ b]zsf >ldsx¿sf] ;/x ;'ljwf
k"0ff{ª\s M @) kfPsf 5}gg\ egL efOn] dnfO{ :ki6;Fu eGg'eof]
sIffM !@ ;doM $) ldg]6 pQL0ff{Í M * %= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's
!= tn lbOPsf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿sf] cIf/ ;+/rgf b]vfO{ cIf/ ;ª\Vof;d]t zAb kl/rfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M
lgwf{/0f ug{'xf];\ M # #
sfnf]lgnf] cfsfzdf pQ/lt/ w'|jtf/f To;sf] bflxg]lt/ ;fttf/f / b]a|]lt/ 8fS6/n] clt ;ts{ eP/ sf]/f]gf ;ª\s|ldt /f]uLsf] k/LIf0f u/] em}F
kfFr tf/fsf pHofnf tf/fd08nn] ltgnfO{ df]lxt t'Nofof] . k"j{b]lv PlG6efO/; uf]v]{ klg a8f] xf]l;of/Lsf ;fy cfkm\gf] sfd ub}
klZrdlt/ s]xL blIf0flt/ 9lNsPsf] cfsfzuª\uf bdoGtLsf b[li6df ;ª\ { uof] .
uLtdo x'g yfNof] . ^= lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
@= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug{'xf];\ M &
# -s_ …Ps lrxfgÚpkGof;sf kfq /~hgfb]jL / gfgLys'Fsf rfl/lqs
x]/ 3gZofd, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] dfq} s'/fug]{ xf] eg] klg ljz]iftfx¿ pNn]v
g]kfnsf lxdfnL hª\un / r/f dfq} eg]/ k'Ub}g\ . oxf c;ª\Vo kxf8, ug'{xf];\ .
cGg sf] eG8f/ t/fO{, glb, tfn, pkTosf cflb y'k|} s'/f 5g\ . ;dfKt
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M uf]/vf df= lj=, bfª
@ cEof; k/LIff–@)&(
s_ lbOPsf c+zaf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb ljifoM g]kfnL -Joj:yfkg_ k"0ff{ª\s M
klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M @)
dfl;s kfl/>lds klxnf] kIfn] bf];|f] kIfnfO{ dlxgf ;dfKt sIffM !@ ;doM $) ldg]6 pQL0ff{Í M *
eP;Fu} e'StfgL lbO{ cfkm\gf] OdfGbf/L b]vfpg'kg] != tn lbOPsf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿sf] cIf/ ;+/rgf b]vfO{ cIf/;ª\Vof;d]t
{ x'G5 . lgwf{/0f ug{'xf];\ M
v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L #
ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M sfnf]lgnf] cfsfzdf pQ/lt/ w'|jtf/f To;sf] bflxg]lt/ ;fttf/f / b]a|]lt/
sfddf Jo:t /x]sf a]nf df]afOndf 6\ofª6\ofª 306L ahfP/ kfFr tf/fsf pHofnf tf/fd08nn] ltgnfO{ df]lxt t'Nofof] . k"j{b]lv
dflg;x¿n] 6fpsf] vfO;s] egL p;n] ;w}F srsr u5{ . dnfO{ t klZrdlt/ s]xL blIf0flt/ 9lNsPsf] cfsfzuª\uf bdoGtLsf b[li6df ;ª\
s]xL :jfb 5}g . sfu u/fpFb} hfG5 lkgf ;'Sb} hfG5 eg] em}F uLtdo x'g yfNof] .
cfkm" sfdd} Wofg lbg'k5{ . cfkm}F rgfvf] gePkl5 o:t} @= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug{'xf];\ M
xf] . a]nf avtdf a'l4 k'¥ofP/ jfOkmfO{ aGb ug'{ lg . cfkm\ #
gf] d'v aGb u/] c¿n] s;/L df}sf kfpF5g\ / <
 x]/ 3gZofd, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] dfq} s'/fug]{ xf] eg] klg ug'{xf];\ .
g]kfnsf lxdfnL hª\un / r/f dfq} eg]/ k'Ub}g\ . oxf c;ª\Vo kxf8, ;dfKt
cGg sf] eG8f/ t/fO{, glb, tfn, pkTosf cflb y'k|} s'/f 5g\ . uf]/vf :s'n, bfª
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M cEof; k/LIff @)&(
@ sIffM !@ ;do M $) ldg]6 k"0ff{Í M @)
s_ lbOPsf c+zaf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb ljifo M g]kfnL -lj1fg_
klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M != /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf / cIf/ ;ª\Vof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
dfl;s kfl/>lds klxnf] kIfn] bf];|f] kIfnfO{ dlxgf ;dfKt #
eP;Fu} e'StfgL lbO{ cfkm\gf] OdfGbf/L b]vfpg'kg] ljleGg b]zsf] e|d0f u/]kl5 clg hfkfgdf s]xL jif{ sfd u/]kl5
{ x'G5 . dnfO{ yfxf eof], h'g b]zn] cfˆgf] b]zsf] df}lnstfnfO{,
v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L klxrfgnfO{, ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ clg >d / l;knfO{ ;b'kof]u ub}
ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M { To;nfO{ ljZj ahf/df a]Rg ;s] ltgLx¿ g} cfTdlge{/ ePsf /x]5g\ .
sfddf Jo:t /x]sf a]nf df]afOndf 6\ofª6\ofª 306L ahfP/ @= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M
dflg;x¿n] 6fpsf] vfO;s] egL p;n] ;w}F srsr u5{ . dnfO{ t #
s]xL :jfb 5}g . sfu u/fpFb} hfG5 lkgf ;'Sb} hfG5 eg] em}F bdoGtLnfO{ crDd nfUof], ;j} g} dfgjg} t x'g\ . dg"sf ;Gtfg .
cfkm" sfdd} Wofg lbg'k5{ . cfkm}F rgfvf] gePkl5 o:t} zkgfdf bdoGtL d';'Ss xfF;Lg\ .
xf] . a]nf avtdf a'l4 k'¥ofP/ jfOkmfO{ aGb ug'{ lg . cfkm\ #= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M @
gf] d'v aGb u/] c¿n] s;/L df}sf kfpF5g\ / < -s_ lbOPsf c+zaf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb
$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst kbx¿sf] kb ju{ 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ M klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
# g]kfnsf x/]s lhNnfdf clwsf+z ;'s'Daf;Lx¿ P]nfgLdf a;]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] b]zsf >lds hgtfn] cem} klg c¿ b]zsf >ldsx¿sf] ;/x ;'ljwf ltgLx¿sf] cfo;|f]t gePsfn] ;'6'Ss jgdf uP/ km6fkm6 bfp/f NofP/
kfPsf 5}gg\ egL efOn] dnfO{ :ki6;Fu eGg'eof] a]rL hLjg rnfPsf 5g\ .
%= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's -v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L
zAb kl/rfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M ltgnfO{ jfSodf
# k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
8fS6/n] clt ;ts{ eP/ sf]/f]gf ;ª\s|ldt /f]uLsf] k/LIf0f u/] em}F hª\un ;vfk x'g yfn]kl5 d[u, 3f]/n h:tf hgfj/ / sltko r/f nf]k x'g]
PlG6efO/; uf]v]{ klg a8f] xf]l;of/Lsf ;fy cfkm\gf] sfd ub} clg kfgLsf] d'xfg klg ;'Sg] vt/f ePsf] 5 . tLdWo]
{ uof] . s]xLnfO{ eg] ufpFn]n] arfP . of] s'/f Ps sfg b'O{ sfg d}bfg
^= lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M e}mF ;a}lt/ km}lnof] . l5d]sL, Oi6ldq ;a}sf] ;xof]un] Psn]
& y'sL ;'sL ;on] y'sLgbLeg] em}F x'Fb} uof] . cfk"m enf] t hut\
-s_ …Ps lrxfgÚpkGof;sf kfq /~hgfb]jL / gfgLys'Fsf rfl/lqs enf] eGg] egfOnfO{ cGttM ;a} ufpFn]n] rl/tfy{ u/]/} 5f8] .
ljz]iftfx¿ pNn]v
$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] zAbju{ klxrfg -s_ lbOPsf c+zaf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb
ug'{xf];\ M # klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
ltdL d"v{ dfG5] /x]5f} . dfG5]sf] ;f}Gbo{ eg]sf] ljgozLntfxf] t/ g]kfnsf x/]s lhNnfdf clwsf+z ;'s'Daf;Lx¿ P]nfgLdf a;]sf 5g\ .
d"v{n] To;nfO{ lrGgg} ;St}g . ltgLx¿sf] cfo;|f]t gePsfn] ;'6'Ss jgdf uP/ km6fkm6 bfp/f NofP/
%= b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's zAb klxrfg u/L a]rL hLjg rnfPsf 5g\ .
n]Vg'xf];\ M @ -v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L
s'g} ;dfrf/ jf ;"rgf Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k7fpg] sfd ;~rf/ xf] ltgnfO{ jfSodf
clg ljZjsf] s'g} klg s'gfdf 36]sf] 36gfsf af/]df ljZje/ hfgsf/L k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
u/fO{ lbg] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, OG6/g]6, ;dfrf/kq cflb ;~rf/sf hª\un ;vfk x'g yfn]kl5 d[u, 3f]/n h:tf hgfj/ / sltko r/f nf]k x'g]
dfWod x'g\ . clg kfgLsf] d'xfg klg ;'Sg] vt/f ePsf] 5 . tLdWo]
^= lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M s]xLnfO{ eg] ufpFn]n] arfP . of] s'/f Ps sfg b'O{ sfg d}bfg
& e}mF ;a}lt/ km}lnof] . l5d]sL, Oi6ldq ;a}sf] ;xof]un] Psn]
s_ bdoGtLn] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf cfOk/]sf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s'g y'sL ;'sL ;on] y'sLgbLeg] em}F x'Fb} uof] . cfk"m enf] t hut\
s'g pkfo enf] eGg] egfOnfO{ cGttM ;a} ufpFn]n] rl/tfy{ u/]/} 5f8] .
cjnDag u/]sL x'g\ < ljj]rgf ug'{xf];\ . $= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] zAbju{ klxrfg
;dfKt ug'{xf];\ M #
uf]/vf :s'n, bfª ltdL d"v{ dfG5] /x]5f} . dfG5]sf] ;f}Gbo{ eg]sf] ljgozLntfxf] t/
cEof; k/LIff @)&( d"v{n] To;nfO{ lrGgg} ;St}g .
sIffM !@ ;do M $) ldg]6 k"0ff{Í M @) %= b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's zAb klxrfg u/L
ljifo M g]kfnL -lj1fg_ n]Vg'xf];\ M @
!= /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf / cIf/ ;ª\Vof b]vfpg'xf];\ M s'g} ;dfrf/ jf ;"rgf Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k7fpg] sfd ;~rf/ xf]
# clg ljZjsf] s'g} klg s'gfdf 36]sf] 36gfsf af/]df ljZje/ hfgsf/L
ljleGg b]zsf] e|d0f u/]kl5 clg hfkfgdf s]xL jif{ sfd u/]kl5 u/fO{ lbg] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, OG6/g]6, ;dfrf/kq cflb ;~rf/sf
dnfO{ yfxf eof], h'g b]zn] cfˆgf] b]zsf] df}lnstfnfO{, dfWod x'g\ .
klxrfgnfO{, ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ clg >d / l;knfO{ ;b'kof]u ub} ^= lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
{ To;nfO{ ljZj ahf/df a]Rg ;s] ltgLx¿ g} cfTdlge{/ ePsf /x]5g\ . &
@= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M s_ bdoGtLn] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf cfOk/]sf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s'g
# s'g pkfo
bdoGtLnfO{ crDd nfUof], ;j} g} dfgjg} t x'g\ . dg"sf ;Gtfg . cjnDag u/]sL x'g\ < ljj]rgf ug'{xf];\ .
zkgfdf bdoGtL d';'Ss xfF;Lg\ . ;dfKt
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M @