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Polygon

A polygon is a 2D shape with 3 or more straight sides that are connected and closed without any curves or intersecting lines. There are two main types of polygons: regular polygons with all equal sides and angles, and irregular polygons without equal sides or angles. Polygons can also be classified as convex or concave based on whether internal angles point outward or inward. Simple polygons do not intersect themselves, while complex polygons cross over their own sides. Key properties include the sum of interior angles, single angle measurement, and the exterior angle sum always being 360 degrees.

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124 views3 pages

Polygon

A polygon is a 2D shape with 3 or more straight sides that are connected and closed without any curves or intersecting lines. There are two main types of polygons: regular polygons with all equal sides and angles, and irregular polygons without equal sides or angles. Polygons can also be classified as convex or concave based on whether internal angles point outward or inward. Simple polygons do not intersect themselves, while complex polygons cross over their own sides. Key properties include the sum of interior angles, single angle measurement, and the exterior angle sum always being 360 degrees.

Uploaded by

asep habibuloh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYGONS

1. What makes a polygon?


a. Must have 3 or more straight lines
b. Must be closed, all the lines connect at a point.
c. Must never have curves
d. Must never have intersecting lines.
e. Is a 2-dimensional shape.

Polygon Not a Polygon Not a Polygon


(straight sides) (has a curve) (open, not closed)
2. Types of Polygons
a. Regular Polygons: all sides are of equal length (all angles are congruent).
b. Irregular Polygons: different measures for side lengths or angles.

Regular Irregular
3. Concave or Convex
a. A convex polygon has no angles pointing inwards. More precisely, no internal angle can be
more than 180˚.
b. A concave angle has an internal angle greater than 180˚. (THINK: concave has a “cave” in,
one of the sides “caved in” itself.)

Convex Concave
4. Simple or Complex
a. A simple polygon has only one boundary, and it doesn’t cross over itself.
b. A complex polygon intersects itself! Many rules about polygons don’t work when it is
complex.

Concave Octagon Complex


Simple Polygon
Irregular Polygon
(this one's a Complex Polygon
Hexagon (a "star
Pentagon)
polygon")
Important Helpful Hints:

Tic Marks and Arc Marks

1. Tic Marks show sides are congruent.


2. Arc Marks shows angles are congruent.

Equal or Congruent

1. Congruent ≅, use when talking or writing about things such as angles, polygons, shapes, segments,
lines, rays
2. Equal = is used only when we talk about measures and numbers
3. Examples: ∠1 ≅ ∠2, AB ≅ XY, m∠1 = m∠2, (means the measure of angle 1 is equal to the
measure of angle 2). mAB = mXY , (means the measure of segment AB is equal to the measure of
XY).

Names of Polygons

NAMES of POLYGONS
Number of Sides Name of Polygon
3 Triangle
4 Quadrilateral
5 Pentagon
6 Hexagon
7 Heptagon
8 Octagon
9 Nonagon
10 Decagon
n n-agon
x x-agon
15 15-agon
57 57-agon
143 143-agon

4. Sum of Interior Angles (Regular Polygons): Adding up all the angles inside the polygon.
a. (n - 2)180 = total sum
b. Example: 15 a-gon sum of interior angles is (15-2)180, (13)180 = 2340˚.
5. Single Angle Measurement in a polygon.
a. Find the Sum of the Interior Angles
b. Divide by the number of sides the polygon has
2340
c. Example: 15 a-gon sum of Interior is 2340˚ now divide by 15 15 = 156˚
6. Exterior Angles of all POLYGONS is always 360˚.
a. Take the single angle if you already know it and the exterior angle is supplementary.
360
b. Take 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
360
c. Example for the 15 a-gon = 24˚ 𝑜𝑟 180 − 156 = 24˚
15
7. Polygon Parts

a. Side: one of the line segments that make up the polygon


b. Vertex: point where two sides meet.
c. Diagonal: A line connecting two vertices that isn’t a side. A line connecting two non-
consecutive angles.
d. Interior Angle: An angle formed by two adjacent sides inside the polygon. There will be as
many angles as there are the numbers of sides of the polygon.
e. Exterior angle: Supplementary Angle to an interior angle. There will be as many exterior
angles as there are the numbers of sides of the polygon.

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