Subject: Mathematics Topic: Relations and Functions: Test Paper
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smitapandey784Relations & Functions
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. The number of symmetric relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. [1]
(A) 2 5 (B) 2 6 (C) 28 (D) 210
2. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5 ........ 17}. Let R be the equivalence relation on A × A, cartesian product of A
with itself, defined by (a, b) R (c, d) iff ad = bc. Then, the number of ordered pairs of the
equivalence class of (3, 2) is : [1]
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 4
3. If R = {(x, y) ; x, y ∈ Z, x2 + y2 ≤ 4} is a relation in set Z, then domain of R is : [1]
(A) {0, 1, 2} (B) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (C) {0, –1, –2} (D) {–1, 0, 1}
4. A function f : R → R defined by f(x) = 2 + x2 is : [1]
(A) not one-one (B) one-one
(C) not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
5. Let A = {1, 3, 5}. Then the number of equivalence relations in A containing (1, 3) is : [1]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
x
, if x is even
6. Let f : Z → Z be given by f(x) = 2 . Then f is [1]
0 , if x is odd
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
(A) onto but not one-one (B) one-one but not onto
(C) one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. Relation R in the set N of natural numbers defined as R = {(x, y): y = x + 5 and x < 4}.
Determine whether relation are reflexive, symmetric and transitive. [2]
8. Let the function f : R → R be defined by f(x) = cos x, ∀ x ∈ R. Show that f is neither one-one nor
onto. [2]
3
9. Check whether the relation R in R defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b } is reflexive, symmetric or
transitive. [2]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
n +1
2 , if n is odd
10. Let f : N → N be defined by f (n) = ; for all n ∈ N.
n , if n is even
2
State whether the function f is bijective. Justify your answer. [3]
x–2
11. Let A = R - {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f: A → B defined by f(x) = .
x–3
Is f one-one and onto? Justify your answer. [3]
12. Check whether the relation R in the set N of natural numbers given by R = {(a, b) : a is divisor of b}
is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Also, determine whether R is an equivalence relation. [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. Let N be set of all natural number and let R be a relation on N × N, defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇔ a + d = b + c for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N. Show that R in equivalence relation
on N × N. [5]
Consider f: R+ → [–5, ∞) given by f (x) = 9x + 6x – 5. Show that f is bijective, where R+ set of
2
14.
all non-negative real numbers. [5]
15. Let A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}. Show that R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ A, |a – b| is divisible by 4} is an equivalence
relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1. Also; write the equivalence class [2]. [5]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Herry and Messi are playing Ludo at have during covid-19. While rolling the dice, Herry's
sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of the thrown every time belongs to set
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A be the set of players while B be set of all possible outcomes.
A = {H, M}, B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} [4]
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Let R be the relation defined on set B such that R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x}. Write R is
roster form and hence check whether R is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
(ii) Raji wants to know that how many functions and relation are possible from set A to set B.
2 E
Relations & Functions
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOIPIC : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
SECTION-A
1. (D) ∵ Total number of symmetric relations on set A = 2m(m + 1) / 2
where n(A) = m
Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4} i.e. n(A) = 4
Hence, total number of symmetric relation on A = 210
2. (B) Given; (a, b) R (c, d) iff ad = bc where 'R' is an equivalence relation on A × A
Now, for equivalence class of (3, 2);
Let (3, 2) R (x, y)
2x
3y = 2x or y =
3
Hence; [(3, 2)] = {(3, 2), (6, 4), (9, 6), (12, 8), (15, 10)}
⇒ The number of ordered pairs are 5.
3. (B) Given ; R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ Z, x2 + y2 ≤ 4} is a relation in set Z.
Hence ; according to the given relation,
Domain of R = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
4. (D) f(x) = 2 + x2 ; f : R → R
One-one : Let x1 and x2 ∈ R such that
f(x1) = f(x2) ⇒ x12 + 2 = x 22 + 2 ⇒ x1 = ±x2 ⇒ f is not one-one
Onto : Let y = f(x) ⇒ y = x2 + 2 ⇒ x = y −2 ∈R
∴ y – 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ y ≥ 2 ⇒ y ∈ [2, ∞)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
Range ≠ co-domain
Also ; f is not onto as there is no pre-image for negative real numbers.
Hence ; f is neither one-one nor onto.
5. (B) R1 = {(1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 5), (1, 3), (3, 1)}
and R2 = {(1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 5), (1, 3), (3, 1), (1, 5), (5, 1), (3, 5), (5, 3)}
Hence, the number of equivalence relations in A containing (1, 3) is 2.
0
6. (A) ∴ f(0) = = 0 and f(1) = 0, f(3) = 0
2
Here, two elements have same image so f is not one-one.
Now, Let x = 2n (given) n ∈ Z
2n
f(2n)= = n ∈ Ζ ; Range = Co-domain ⇒ f is onto.
2
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
7. R = {(x, y): y = x + 5 and x < 4} ⇒ R = {(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)}
Reflexive: ∵ (1, 1) ∉ R ∴ R is not reflexive.
Symmetric : (1, 6) ∈ R but (6, 1) ∉ R.
∴ R is not symmetric.
Transitive : Since there is no three elements x, y, z ∈ N such that (x, y) ∈ R, (y, z) ∈ R but (x, z) ∉ R
∴ R is transitive. Hence, R is neither reflexive, nor symmetric but it is transitive.
8. Given function, f(x) = cos x, ∀ x ∈ R
π π −π −π π −π
Now, f = = 0 ,=
cos f =
cos 0 ⇒ f =f
2 2 2 2 2 2
π −π
But ≠ . So, f(x) is not one-one.
2 2
∵ Range of f = [–1, 1]
∵ Range of f ≠ Co-domain of f so f' is not onto fn.
9. Reflexive: Given R = {(a, b): a ≤ b3}
Let a ∈ R such that
If (a, a) ∈ R ⇒ a ≤ a3 ⇒ a(a – 1) (a + 1) ≥ 0
⇒ a ∈ [–1, 0] ∪ [1, ∞]
⇒ (a, a)∉ R, ∀ a ∈ R
∴ R is not reflexive
Symmetric:
Let a, b ∈ R such tat
If (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ a ≤ b3 ⇒ b ≤/ a3
for example: 2 ≤ 93 but 9 ≤/ 23
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
⇒ (2, 9) ∈ R but (9, 2) ∉ R
∴ R is not symmetric
Transitive: Let a, b, c ∈ R such that if (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R
⇒ a ≤ b3 and b ≤ c3
⇒ a ≤ c3
for example: 9 ≤ 33 and 3 ≤ 23 but 9 ≤/ 23
⇒ (9, 3) ∈ R and (3, 2) ∈ R but (9, 2) ∉ R
∴ R is not transitive
Hence R is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
2 E
Relations & Functions
SECTION-C
1+1 2
10. f(1) = = 1 , f(2) = = 1
2 2
⇒ f(1) = f(2) but 1 ≠ 2
∴ f is not one-one ⇒ f is not bijective
11. A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}
x−2
f : A → B is defined as f(x) =
x −3
Let x1, x2 ∈ A such that f(x1) = f(x2)
x1 – 2 x 2 − 2
⇒ =
x1 – 3 x 2 – 3
⇒ (x1 – 2) (x2 – 3) = (x2 – 2) (x1 – 3)
⇒ x1x2 – 3x1 – 2x2 + 6 = x1x2 – 3x2 – 2x1 + 6
⇒ –3x1 – 2x2 = – 3x2 – 2x1
⇒ 3x1 – 2x1 = 3x2 – 2x2
⇒ x1 = x2
∴ f is one – one.
Let y ∈ B = R – {1} and f(x) = y
x–2
⇒ =y
x–3
⇒ x – 2 = xy – 3y
⇒ x(1 – y) = – 3y + 2
2 – 3y
⇒ x= ∈A , ∀ y ∈ B
1– y
i.e. every element of B has pre-image in A
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
Range = codomain
∴ f is onto.
Hence, function f is one-one and onto.
12. The relation R in the set N is given by:
R = {(a, b) : a is divisor of b}
Reflexive : Let a ∈ N such that
if a R a ⇒ a is divisor of a which is true, ∀ a ∈ N
So, R is reflexive.
Symmetric : Let a, b ∈ N such that
if a R b ⇒ a is divisor of b
b a 1
⇒ = K (let), K ∈ N ⇒ = ∉N ⇒ b R a
a b K
So, R is not symmetric.
E 3
Mathematics
Transitive : Let a, b, c ∈ N such that
b
If aRb ⇒ = K1 ∈ N .....(1)
a
c
bRc ⇒ = K2 ∈ N .....(2)
b
For equation (1) and (2)
b c c
× = K1 × K 2 ⇒ = (K1K2) ∈ N
a b a
So, R is transitive relation [1]
∴ R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
Hence, R is not an equivalence relation on N.
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. Given relation R on N × N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b + c
Reflexivity : Let (a, b) ∈ N × N such that
if (a, b) R (a, b)
⇒ a+b=b+a [by commutativity of addition and multiplication on N]
which is true, ∀ (a, b) ∈ N × N
So, R is reflexive on N × N .
Symmetry : Let (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N such that
if (a, b) R (c, d)
⇒ a+d=b+c
⇒ c+b=b+a [by commutativity of addition and multiplication on N]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
⇒ (c, d) R (a, b)
Thus, (a, b) R (c, d)
⇒ (c, d) R (a, b) for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N
So, R is symmetric on N × N.
Transitive : Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) ∈ N × N such that
if (a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b + c …..(1)
and (c, d) R (e, f) ⇒ c + f = d + e …..(2)
On adding equation (1) and equation (2)
a + f = b + e ⇒ (a, b) R (e, f)
So, R is transitive relative on N × N
Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive on N × N.
Hence R is an equivalence relation on N × N.
4 E
Relations & Functions
14. Given f : R+ → [–5, ∞), f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5
One-one : Let x1, x2 ∈ R+ such that
if f(x1) = f(x2)
⇒ 9x12 + 6x1 − 5= 9x 22 + 6x 2 − 5
⇒ 9(x12 − x 22 ) + 6(x1 − x 2 ) =
0 ⇒ (x1 – x2) [9(x1 + x2) + 6] = 0
⇒ x1 – x2 = 0 [ ∵ 9(x1 + x2) + 6 ≠ 0]
⇒ x1 = x2
∴ f is one-one
Onto : Let y = f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5
⇒ 9x2 + 6x – (5 + y) = 0
−6 ± 36 + 36(5 + y) −1 + y + 6
⇒ x= ⇒ x= .....(1) (∵ x ∈ R+)
18 3
−1 + y + 6
⇒ ≥0 ⇒ y + 6 ≥ 1 ⇒ y ≥ –5 ⇒ y ∈ [–5, ∞) (∵ x ∈ R+)
3
Range = Co-domain
∴ f is onto
Hence, f is bijective.
15. Given, R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ A, |a – b| is divisible by 4}, where A = {0, 1, 2, …….12}
Reflexive : Let a ∈ A such that
if a R a ⇒ |a – a| = 0 which is divisible of 4, ∀ a ∈ A.
Hence, R is reflexive. [1]
Symmetric : Let a, b ∈ A such that
if (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ |a – b| is divisible by 4.
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
⇒ |b – a| is also divisible by 4.
⇒ (b, a) ∈ R.
So, R is symmetric. [1]
Transitive : Let a, b, c ∈ A such that
if (a, b) ∈ R and (c, d) ∈ R
⇒ |a – b| & |b – c| is divisible by 4.
Let |a – b| = 4k1 & |b – c| = 4k2 , where k1, k2 ∈ c
⇒ (a – b) = ±4k1 ......(1)
& (b – c) = ±4k2 ......(2)
Adding equations (1) & (2);
⇒ (a – b) + (b – c) = ± 4k1 ± 4k2 = ± 4(k1 + k2)
⇒ a – c is divisible by 4.
E 5
Mathematics
⇒ |a – c| is divisible by 4.
⇒ (a, c) ∈ R
So, R is transitive. [1]
Since, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive on A.
Hence; R is an equivalence relation on A. [1]
Further, let (x, 1) ∈ R, x ∈ A
⇒ |x – 1| is divisible by 4
⇒ |x – 1| = 0, 4, 8, 12, ……..
⇒ x – 1 = 0, 4, 8, 12, …….. (∵ x ∈ A)
⇒ x = 1, 5, 9 [∵x = 13 ∉ A]
∴ Required Set = {1, 5, 9} [1]
Now, we will find equivalence class of [2]
Let (x, 2) ∈ R, x ∈ A
⇒ |x – 2| = 0, 4, 8, 12 ………
⇒ x – 2 = 0, 4, 8, 12 ……… (∵ x ∈ A)
⇒ x = 2, 6, 10 [∵ x = 14 ∉ A]
∴ Equivalence class of [2] = {2, 6, 10}. [1]
SECTION-E
16. (i) Given that B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x}then, roster form of R is
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 6)}
Now, R is reflexive as (a, a) ∈ R, ∀ a ∈ B
R is not symmetric as (1, 2) ∈ R but (2, 1) ∉ R node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\1 Relations & Functions.docx"
∵ (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R ∀, a, b, c ∈ B.
So, R is transitive.
(ii) n(A) = 2 and n(B) = 6
Total no. of functions defined from set A to set B is 62 and
Total no. of relations defined from set A to set B is 22 × 6 = 212.
6 E
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1 1
1. The principal value of cos−1 + sin −1 − is : [1]
2 2
π π π
(A) (B) π (C) (D)
12 3 6
9π
2. The principal value of tan −1 tan is : [1]
8
π 3π π 3π
(A) (B) (C) − (D) −
8 8 8 8
3. What is the domain of the function cos–1 (2x – 3) ? [1]
(A) [–1, 1] (B) (1, 2) (C) (–1, 1) (D) [1, 2]
The principal value of tan 3 − cot (− 3) is :
−1 −1
4. [1]
π
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
(A) π (B) − (C) 0 (D) 2 3
2
5. The range of the principal value branch of the function y = sec–1 x is ............ . [1]
OR
1
The principal value of cos−1 − is ............... .
2
3
6. The principal value of tan −1 2 sin 2 cos−1 is ? [1]
2
π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 4 3
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
cos x −3π π
7. Express tan −1 , < x < in the simplest form. [2]
1 − sin x 2 2
Simplify sec–1 2
1 1
8. , 0<x< [2]
2x − 1 2
1 1
9. Prove that : 3sin–1x = sin–1(3x – 4x3), x ∈ − , [2]
2 2
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1 3 4− 7
10. Show that : tan sin −1 = [3]
2 4 3
x
11. Write the simplest form of tan −1 . [3]
1+ 1− x
2
1+ x − 1− x x 1 1
12. Prove that : tan −1 −1
= − cos x, − ≤ x ≤1 [3]
1+ x + 1− x 4 2 2
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
sin −1 x + cos−1 x 3
13. Write the value of the expression tan , when x = . [5]
2 2
2 x +1·3x
14. Write the simplest form of sin −1 x
. [5]
1 + (36)
5 3 63
15. Show that : sin −1 + cos−1 =tan −1 [5]
13 5 16
SECTION-E
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Solve : 2tan–1 (cos x) = tan–1 (2 cosec x) [4]
2 E
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SECTION-A
1 1 π π
1. (A) cos−1 + sin −1 − = +−
2 2 3 4
4 π − 3π π
= = [1]
12 12
9π π
2. (A) tan −1 tan = tan −1 tan π +
8 8
π π π π
= tan −1 tan = ∈ − , [1]
8 8 2 2
3. (D) For the given function ; –1 ≤ 2x – 3 ≤ 1
⇒ 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 4 ⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 [1]
π
4. (B) tan −1 ( 3) − cot −1 (− 3) = − (π − cot −1 ( 3))
3
π π
= −π−
3 6
π 5π −3π −π
= − = = [1]
3 6 6 2
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
5. y = sec–1x (given)
Range of sec–1 x is [0, π] – {π/2} [1]
OR
−1 1 π
− ⇒ cos y = cos π −
1
Let cos − =⇒
y cos y =
2 2 3
2π 2π
⇒ cos y = cos ⇒ y= ∈ [0, π] [1]
3 3
3 π π
6. (D) tan −1 2sin 2 cos−=
1
tan −1 2sin 2=
× tan −1 2sin
2 6 3
3
= tan −1 2 ×
= tan
2
−1
( 3 =) π
3
[1]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
x x
cos2 − sin 2
cos x 2 2
tan −1 = tan −1
x
7.
1 − sin x x x x
cos2 + sin 2 − sin cos
2 2 2 2
x x x x
cos + sin cos − sin
= tan −1
2 2 2 2
x x
2
cos 2 − sin 2
x x x
cos + sin 1 + tan
= tan −1 2 2 = tan −1 2 = tan −1 tan π + x = π + x
x 4 2 4 2
x x
cos − sin 1 − tan
2 2 2
Alternatively,
π π − 2x
sin − x sin
−1 cos x
2
2
tan = tan −1
= tan −1
1 − sin x 1 − cos π − x 1 − cos π − 2x
2
2
π − 2x π − 2x
2 sin 4 cos 4
= tan −1 = tan −1 cot π − 2x
π − 2x 4
2 sin 2
4
π π − 2x π x π x
= tan −1 tan − = tan −1 tan + = +
2 4 4 2 4 2
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
Let y = sec–1 2
1 1
8. , 0<x<
2x − 1 2
Put x = cosθ ; then θ =cos−1 x [1]
y = sec–1
1
⇒
2 cos θ − 1
2
= sec–1
1
= sec–1 (sec2θ) = 2θ = 2 cos–1x [1]
cos 2θ
1 1
9. To prove : 3sin–1x = sin–1(3x – 4x3), x ∈ − ,
2 2
Put x = sinθ; θ = sin–1x [1]
R.H.S. = sin–1(3sinθ – 4sin3θ)
= sin–1(sin3θ) = 3θ = 3sin–1x = L.H.S. [1]
2 E
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
SECTION-C
1 3
10. LHS = tan sin −1
2 4
3 3 9 7
Let sin −1 = θ then sin θ = and cos θ= 1− =
4 4 16 4
θ 1 − cos θ 1− 7 / 4 4− 7 4− 7 4− 7
Now tan = = RHS = = × =
2 1 + cos θ 1+ 7 / 4 4+ 7 4− 7 3
x
11. ∵ tan −1
2
1+ 1− x
Put x = sin θ ⇒ θ = sin–1 x
θ θ
sin θ 2 sin cos
−1 sin θ − 2 2
= tan −1 1
= tan 1 + cos θ = tan
1 + 1 − sin θ
2
2 cos 2 θ
2
θ θ 1
= tan −1 tan = = sin −1 x ∵ θ =sin x
−1
2 2 2
1+ x − 1− x
L.H.S. tan −1
1 + x + 1 − x
12.
Put x = cosθ ⇒ cos–1x = θ
1 + cos θ − 1 − cos θ
= tan −1
1 + cos θ + 1 − cos θ
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
θ θ
2 cos − 2 sin
2 2 2 θ θ
= tan −1 =
∵ 1 + cos θ 2 cos 2 =and 1 − cos θ 2 sin 2
2 cos + 2 sin θ
θ 2
2 2
θ θ θ
cos − sin 1 − tan
= tan −1 2 2 = tan −1 2
θ θ
cos + sin 1 + tan θ
2 2 2
π θ
= tan −1 tan −
4 2
π θ π 1
= − = − cos−1 x = R.HS.
4 2 4 2
E 3
Mathematics
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
sin −1 x + cos−1 x
13. tan
2
3
Put x =
2
−1 3 −1
3 π π
sin + cos +
= tan 2 2 ⇒ tan 3 6 ⇒ tan π = 1
2 2 4
2 x +1·3x −1 2 ·6
x
14. sin −1 = sin x 2
1 + (36) 1 + (6 )
x
Put 6x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan–16x
= sin −1 { 2 · tan θ
1 + tan 2 θ }
= sin–1 (sin2θ) = 2θ = 2 tan–16x [∵ θ = tan–1 6x]
5 3 63
15. We have sin −1 + cos−1 =tan −1
13 5 16
5 5
Let sin −1 = x ⇒ sin x =
13 13
5
⇒ tan x = 13
12 5
3 3 x
Again, let cos−1 = y ⇒ cos y =
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
5 5 12
4
⇒ tan x =
3
5
tan x + tan y
∵ tan(x + y) = 4
1 − tan x · tan y y
5 4 15 + 48 63 3
+
63
⇒ tan(x + y) =12 3 = 36 = 36
=
5 4 36 − 20 16 16
1− ·
12 3 36 36
63
⇒ x+y =tan −1
16
5 3 63
⇒ sin −1 + cos−1 =tan −1 Hence proved.
13 5 16
4 E
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
SECTION-E
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Given, 2 tan −1 (cos x) = tan −1 (2 cosec x)
2 cos x −1 −1 2x
⇒ tan −1 −1
= tan (2 cosec x) ∵ 2 tan x = tan 1 − x 2
1 − cos x
2
2 cos x −1 2
⇒ tan −1 = tan sin x
sin x
2
2 cos x 2
⇒ 2
= [on taking tan both sides]
sin x sin x
⇒ sin x(cos x – sin x) = 0
⇒ sinx = 0, cot x = 1
⇒ cot x = 1
π π
⇒ cot x = cot ⇒x= (∵ sin x = 0 not satisfied given equation)
4 4
" node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions.docx"
E 5
Matrices
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : MATRICES
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. The number of all possible matrices of order 2 × 3 with each entry 1 or 2 is : [1]
(A) 16 (B) 6 (C) 64 (D 24
3c + 6 a − d 12 2
2. If = , then the value of ab – cd is : [1]
a + d 2 − 3b −8 −4
(A) 4 (B) 16 (C) –4 (D) –16
3 4
−1 2 1
For two matrices P = −1 2 and QT =
1 2 3
3. , P – Q is : [1]
0 1
2 3 4 3 4 3 2 3
(A) −3 0 (B) −3 0 (C) 0 −3
(D) 0 −3
0 −3 −1 −2 −1 −2 0 −3
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2i + 3j ; i < j
4. =
A matrix A = [aij]3 × 3 is defined by : a ij = 5 ; i j . The number of elements in A, which
3i − 2 j ; i > j
are more than 5, is : [1]
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
0 1 1
5. For the matrix X = 1 0 1 , (X2 – X) is : [1]
1 1 0
(A) 2I (B) 3I (C) I (D) 5I
1, if i ≠ j
6. If matrix A = a ij , where a ij = , then A2 is equal to : [1]
2×2
0, if i = j
(A) I (B) A (C) O (D) –I
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
0 6 − 5x
If the matrix A = 2
x + 3
7. is symmetric, find the values of x? [2]
x
−3 2 1 0
8. If A = and I = 2
, find scalar k such that A + I = KA. [2]
1 −1 0 1
4 2
9. If A = , show that (A – 2I) (A – 3I) = O. [2]
−1 1
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1 2 2
If A 2 1 −2 is a matrix satisfying AA' = 9I3, then find the values of a and b.
10. = [3]
a 2 b
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
If A =
11. −6 0 8 , B =
1 0 2 , C =
−2 , then calculate AC, BC and (A + B)C. Also
7 −8 0 1 2 0 3
verify that (A + B)C = AC + BC. [3]
2 −2 −4
12. Express the matrix B = −1 3 4 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix. [3]
1 −2 −3
SECTION-D
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1 −2
0 −3 4
13. If A = 3 0 , B = 1 2 0 , prove that (AB)' = B'A'. [5]
5 6
α
0 − tan
2
14. If A = and I is the identity matrix of order 2,
tan α 0
2
cos α − sin α
show that I + A = (I – A) [5]
sin α cos α
1 2 3
15. If A = 3 −2 1 , then show that A3 – 23A – 40I = O
[5]
d "
4 2 1
M ti P
2 E
Matrices
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: [4]
Assume that X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order 2 × n, 3 × k, 2 × p, n × 3 and p × k ;
respectively.
(i) Find the restriction on XZ for which it will be defined.
(ii) If n = p, then find the order of the matrix 7X – 5Z.
(iii) Find the restriction on n, k and p for which PY + WY will be defined.
OR
If p = 3, then find the order of the matrix 3Y + 10P and also find the condition for multiplication
of matrices W and P.
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3 Matrices_Paper.docx"
E 3
Matrices
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : MATRICES
SECTION-A
1. (C) Required number of possible matrices = (Number of entries)order = (2)2 × 3 = (2)6 = 64
3c + 6 a − d 12 2
2. (A) Given ; =
a + d 2 − 3b −8 −4
On comparing both sides, we get ;
a – d = 2 and a + d = –8
⇒ 2a = –6 or a = –3 ⇒ d = –5
Also ; 3c + 6 = 12, 2 – 3b = –4 ⇒ c = 2, b = 2 [1]
Hence ; ab – cd = (–3)2 – 2(–5) = –6 + 10 = 4
−1 1
−1 2 1
(B) ∵ Q = ⇒ Q = 2 2
T
3.
1 2 3 1 3
3 4 −1 1 4 3
Hence ; P – Q = −1 2 – 2 2 = −3 0
[1]
0 1 1 3 −1 −2
4. (B) Given ; A = [aij]3× 3
2i + 3j ; i < j 5 8 11
where aij = 5
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; i= j ⇒A= 4 5 13 [1]
3i − 2 j ; i > j
7 5 5
Hence ; required number = 4
0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1
5. (A) X = 1 0 1 . 1 0 1 =
2 1 2 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2
2 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0
⇒ X2 – X = 1 2 1 − 1 0 1 = 0 2 0 = 2I [1]
1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2
1, if i ≠ j
6. (A) Given that A = a ij , where a ij =
2× 2
0, if i = j
0 1
Now, A =
1 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
=
A 2
=
AA = = I
1 0 1 0 0 1
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
0 6 − 5x
A= 2
x + 3
7. (given)
x
For symmetric matrix, A = A'
0 6 − 5x 0 x2
⇒ 2 =
x + 3 6 − 5x x + 3
…..(1) [1]
x
∴ 6 – 5x = x2 [from (1)]
⇒ x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
⇒ (x + 6) (x – 1) = 0
⇒ x = – 6, 1 [1]
−3 2 1 0
=
8. Given, A = and I
1 −1 0 1
−3 2 −3 2 1 0 −3 2
⇒ 1 −1 1 −1 + 0 1 =
K 1 −1 [∵ A2 + I = KA] [½]
11 −8 1 0 −3K 2K
⇒ −4 3 + 0 1 =
[½]
K −K
12 −8 −3K 2K
∴ −4 4 = K −K
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3
⇒ K = –4 (on comparing both sides) [1]
4 2
9. A= , (given)
−1 1
4 2 1 0 2 2
⇒ A=
− 2I −2 = [½]
−1 1 0 1 −1 −1
4 2 1 0 1 2
and A=
− 3I −3 = [½]
−1 1 0 1 −1 −2
2 2 1 2 2 − 2 4 − 4 0 0
⇒ (A – 2I) (A – 3I) = = = = O [1]
−1 −1 −1 −2 −1 + 1 −2 + 2 0 0
M ti P d "
2 E
Matrices
SECTION-C
1 2 2 1 2 a
10. =
Given
A 2 1 −2 ⇒ A ' = 2 1 2
a 2 b 2 −2 b
∴ AA' = 9I3
1 2 2 1 2 a 1 0 0
⇒ 2 1 −2 2 1 2 =
9 0 1 0
a 2 b 2 −2 b 0 0 1
9 0 a + 2b + 4 9 0 0
⇒ 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b = 0 9 0
a + 2b + 4 2a + 2 − 2b a 2 + 4 + b 2 0 0 9
⇒ a + 2b + 4 = 0, 2a + 2 – 2b = 0 and a2 + 4 + b2 = 9
⇒ a + 2b + 4 = 0, a – b + 1 = 0 and a2 + b2 = 5
Solving a + 2b + 4 = 0 and a – b + 1 = 0, we get a = – 2 and b = – 1
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
Given A = −2
−6 0 8 , B =
1 0 2 , C =
11.
7 −8 0 1 2 0 3
0 6 7 2
Now, AC = 8 −2
−6 0
7 −8 0 3
0 − 12 + 21 9
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3 Matrices_Paper.docx"
⇒ AC = −12 + 0 + 24 = 12 .....(1)
14 + 16 + 0 30
0 1 1 2
=BC 1 0 2 −2
1 2 0 3
0 − 2 + 3 1
⇒ BC = 2 + 0 + 6 = 8
.....(2)
2 − 4 + 0 −2
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
(A + B)C = −6 0 8 + 1 0 2 −2
7 −8 0 1 2 0 3
0 7 8 2 0 − 14 + 24 10
=
−5 0 10 −2 = −10 + 0 + 30 = 20
.....(3)
8 −6 0 3 16 + 12 + 0 28
E 3
Mathematics
10
Now, LHS = (A + B)C = 20 from equation (3)
28
9 1 10
RHS = AC + BC = 12 + 8 = 20 from equation (1) and (2)
30 −2 28
Hence, (A +B) . C = AC + BC
2 −2 −4 2 −1 1
12. − 2 3 −2
Given, B = −1 3 4 ⇒ B′ =
1 −2 −3 − 4 4 −3
−3 −3
2 2 2
4 −3 −3
1 −3
−3 6 2 = 1
1
Let =
P ′)
(B + B= 3
2 2 2
−3 2 −6
−3 1 −3
2
−3 −3
2
2 2
−3
Now, P′ =
= 3 1 P
2
−3 1 −3
2
1
Thus,=
P (B + B′) is a symmetric matrix.
2
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3
−1 −5
0 2 2
0 −1 −5
(B − B′) = 1 0 6
1
= 3
1 1
Also, let=
Q 0
2 2 2
5 −6 0
5 −3 0
2
1 5
0 2 2
′
Then, Q = −1 0 −3 =−Q
2
−5 3 0
2
1
d "
Thus,=
Q (B − B′) is skew a symmetric matrix.
2
M ti P
4 E
Matrices
−3 −3 −1 −5
2 2 2
0
2 2 2 −2 −4
−3
Now P + Q = 1 +
1
3 =
−1 3 4 =
2
3
2
0
B
1 −2 −3
−3 1 −3
5
−3 0
2 2
Thus, B is represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.
SECTION-D
1 −2
0 −3 4
Given, A =
13. =
3 0 , B 1 2 0
5 6
1 −2
0 −3 4
Now, AB = 3 0
1 2 0
5 6
1× 0 + (−2) ×1 1× (−3) + (−2) × 2 1× 4 + (−2) × 0 −2 −7 4
= 3 × 0 + 0 ×1 3 × (−3) + 0 × 2 3 × 4 + 0 × 0 = 0 −9 12
5 × 0 + 6 ×1 5 × (−3) + 6 × 2 5 × 4 + 6 × 0 6 −3 20
−2 0 6
⇒ (AB)' = −7 −9 −3 .....(1)
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3 Matrices_Paper.docx"
4 12 20
0 1
1 3 5
Now, B' A ' = −3 2
−2 0 6
4 0
0 ×1 + 1× (−2) 0 × 3 + 1× 0 0 × 5 + 1× 6
= (−3) ×1 + 2 × (−2) −3 × 3 + 2 × 0 (−3) × 5 + 2 × 6
4 ×1 + 0 × (−2) 4×3 + 0×0 4 × 5 + 0 × 6
−2 0 6
= −7 −9 −3 .....(2)
4 12 20
From (1) and (2), we have (AB)' = B'A'.
E 5
Mathematics
α
0 − tan
Given, A = 2
14.
tan α 0
2
0 – t α
⇒ A= , where t = tan
t 0 2
α α
1 − tan 2 2 tan
2 1− t =
2
=
Now, cos α = and sin α = 2 2t
α 1+ t 2
α 1 + t2
1 + tan 2 1 + tan 2
2 2
1 – t 2 –2t
cosα –sinα 1 0 0 –t 1+ t 2
1+ t 2
RHS = ( I – A ) = 0 1 – t 0
sinα cos α 2t 1 – t2
1+ t 2 1+ t 2
1 – t 2 –2t 1 – t 2 + 2t 2 (
–2t + t 1 – t 2 )
1 t 1+ t 2
1+ t 2 1+ t 2 1+ t 2
= =
–t 1 2t
1+ t 2 ( )
1 – t 2 –t 1 – t 2 + 2t 2
2t +1 – t 2
1+ t 2 1+ t 2 1+ t 2
1+ t 2 –2t + t - t 3 1+ t 2 ( )
–t 1+ t 2 α
1 – t 1 − tan
1+ t 2 1+ t 2 1+ t 2 1+ t
2
2
= =
t 1 α
= =
–t + t 3 + 2t
1+ t 2 (
2t 2 +1 – t 2 t 1+ t 2 ) 2
1+ t tan 1
1+ t 2 1 + t 2 1+ t
2
2
α
−tan
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3
1
1 0 0 -t 1 -t 2
and LHS = I + A = + = =
0 1 t 0 t 1 tan α 1
2
∵ LHS = RHS
1 2 3
15. A 3 −2 1
Given,=
4 2 1
1 2 3 1 2 3 19 4 8
We have, A =A.A = 3 −2 1 3 −2 1 = 1 12 8
2
4 2 1 4 2 1 14 6 15
M ti P d "
6 E
Matrices
1 2 3 19 4 8 63 46 69
A =
A.A = 69 −6 23
3 −2 1 1 12 8 =
3 2
So,
4 2 1 14 6 15 92 46 63
63 46 69 1 2 3 1 0 0
Now, A − 23A − 40I= 69 −6 23 − 23 3 −2 1 − 40 0 1 0
3
92 46 63 4 2 1 0 0 1
63 46 69 −23 −46 −69 −40 0 0
= 69 −6 23 + −69 46 −23 + 0 −40 0
92 46 63 −92 −46 −23 0 0 −40
63 − 23 − 40 46 − 46 + 0 69 − 69 + 0 0 0 0
= 69 − 69 + 0 −6 + 46 − 40 23 − 23 + 0 = 0 0 0 = O
92 − 92 + 0 46 − 46 + 0 63 − 23 − 40 0 0 0
SECTION-E
16. Given orders of matrices X, Y, Z, W and P are 2 × n, 3 × k, 2 × p, n × 3 and p × k ; respectively.
(i) If XZ is defined, we have
n=2 [∵ order of X is 2 × n and order of Z is 2 × p]
(ii) Given n = p
then, the order of 7X is 2 × n and the order of 5Z is 2 × P
"node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_3 Matrices_Paper.docx"
⇒ Order of 7X – 5Z will be 2 × n or 2 × P
(iii) If PY is defined, then k = 3 [∵ order of P is p × k and order of Y is 3 × k]
Also, order of PY will be 'p × k'
Also, the order of WY will be 'n × k'
If PY + WY is defined ⇒ k = 3 and p = n
OR
If p = 3, then the order of matrix (3Y + 10P) is 3 × k
[∵ order of Y is '3 × k' and order of P is 'p × k']
And now given, order of matrix W is 'n × 3' and order of matrix P is 'p × k'
[∴ If matrix WP is defined ; then p = 3]
E 7
Determinants
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : DETERMINATNS
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. A triangle whose area is 3 sq. units and its vertices are (1, 3), (0, 0) and (k, 0) then the value of k [1]
(A) ± 2 (B) ± 1 (C) ± 4 (D) ± 8
2. If for any 2 × 2 square matrix A, A(adjA) = 8 0 , then the value of |A| is . [1]
0 8
1 1
(A) 8 (B) 64 (C) (D)
64 8
0 1
0 −1 2 1 0 and M = AB, then M–1 is equal to
3. If A = , B = [1]
2 −2 0 1 1
2 −2 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 / 3 −1 / 3 1 / 3 −1 / 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 1 −1 / 3 1 / 6 1 / 3 1 / 6 −1 / 3 1 / 6
1 −1 2
4. If Cij denotes the cofactor of element pij of the matrix P = 0 2 −3 , then the value of
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
3 2 4
C31.C23 is : [1]
(A) 5 (B) 24 (C) –24 (D) –5
5. The system of linear equations
5x + ky = 5,
3x + 3y = 5
will be consistent if : [1]
(A) k ≠ –3 (B) k = –5 (C) k = 5 (D) k ≠ 5
x 2 3
6. If x = –4 is a root of 1 x 1 = 0, then the sum of the other two roots is : [1]
3 2 x
(A) 4 (B) –3 (C) 2 (D) 5
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
2 −3
7. Show that A = satisfies the equation x2 – 6x + 17 = 0. Hence, find A–1. [2]
3 4
2 0 0
8. Find the inverse of the matrix X = 0 3 0 . [2]
0 0 4
9. If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3 such that A2 = 3A, then value of |A| is? [2]
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
Let A =
3 7 6 8 . Verify that (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1.
10. and B = [3]
2 5 7 9
2 −3
11. Given A = , compute A–1 and show that 2A–1 = 9I – A. [3]
−4 7
3 −1 1 1 2 −2
12. If A = −15 6 −5 and B =
–1 −1 3 0 , find (AB) .
–1
[3]
5 −2 2 0 −2 1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its members
(say x) for honesty, some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for supervising the
workers so keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the
sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times the number of awardees for
honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for honesty and supervision is twice the
number of awardees for helping others, using matrix method, find the number of awardees of
each category. [5]
2 E
Determinants
5 −1 4
14. If A = 2 3 5 , find A–1 and use it to solve the following system of equations : [5]
5 −2 6
5x – y + 4z = 5
2x + 3y + 5z = 2
5x – 2y + 6z = –1
2 −3 5
=
15. If A 3 2 −4 , find A–1. Hence, using A–1, solve the system of equations :
1 1 −2
2x – 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y – 4z = –5, x + y – 2z = –3. [5]
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: [4]
Area of a triangle whose vertices are (x1, y1),(x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is given by the determinant :
x1 y1 1
1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
∆ = x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take the absolute value of the determinant ∆.
Also, the area of the triangle formed by three collinear points is zero.
(i) Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (–2, 6), (3, –6) and (1, 5) :
(ii) If the points (2, –3) (k, –1) and (0, 4) are collinear, then find the value of 4k :
(iii) If the area of a triangle ABC ; with vertices A(1, 3), B(0, 0) and C(k, 0) is 3 sq. units ; then
find the value of k .
OR
If A = (11, 7) ; B = (5, 5) and C = (–1, 3) then show that A, B and C are collinear.
E 3
Determinants
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : DETERMINATNS
SECTION-A
1 3 1
1
1. (A) Area of triangle = 0 0 1 = ± 3
2
k 0 1
1 (0 – 0) –3 (0 – k) + 1 (0 – 0) = ± 6
⇒ 3k = ± 6 ⇒ k = ± 2
2. (A) Given A(adjA) = 8 0
0 8
We know,
A(adjA) = |A| I …..(1)
A(adjA) = 8
1 0
= 8I …..(2)
0 1
From equation (1) and (2)
|A| = 8
0 1
0 −1 2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
(C) Given A = 1 0
3. , B =
2 −2 0 1 1
0 1
0 −1 2 1 2
M = AB = 1 0 =
2 −2 0 1 1 −2 2
2 −2
|M| = 6 , adj (M) =
2 1
1 1 2 −2 1 / 3 – 1 / 3
∴ M–1 = =·adj(M) =
|M| 6 2 1 1 / 3 1 / 6
1 −1 2
4. (A) P = 0 2 −3 (given)
3 2 4
⇒ C31.C23 = (3 – 4).{ (–1) (2 + 3)} = 5
E 1
Mathematics
5. (D) The system of linear equations is given as :
5x + ky = 5
and 3x + 3y = 5
It can be written in matrix form as :
5 k x 5
3 3 y = 5
or A X = B
So ; given system of linear equations is consistent if |A| ≠ 0
5 k
⇒ ≠0
3 3
⇒ 15 – 3k ≠ 0 ⇒ k≠5 [1]
x 2 3
6. (A) 1 x 1 = 0 (given)
3 2 x
⇒ x (x2 – 2) – 2( x – 3) + 3(2 – 3x) = 0
⇒ x3 – 2x – 2x + 6 + 6 – 9x = 0
⇒ x3 – 13x + 12 = 0
∴ (x + 4) (x2 – 4x + 3) = 0 [∵ x = –4 is a root]
⇒ (x + 4) (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0 [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
Hence ; the sum of other two roots = 1 + 3 = 4
SECTION-B
Given; A =
2 –3
7.
3 4
A2 =
2 –3 2 –3 –5 –18
=
3 4 3 4 18 7
–5 –18 2 –3 1 0 0 0
Now, A2 – 6A + 17 I = – 6 + 17 = =O
18 7 3 4 0 1 0 0
⇒ A2 – 6A + 17I = O or A2 – 6A = –17I
⇒ A.(A.A)–1 – 6(A.A)–1 = –17(I.A–1) (Both sides on post multiplying by A–1)
⇒ AI – 6I = – 17A–1
A – 6I = – 17A–1 (∵ AA–1 = I)
2 E
Determinants
–1 –1 2 –3 6 0 –1 –4 –3 1 4 3
∴ A–1 = (A – 6I) = – = =
17 17 3 4 0 6 17 3 –2 17 –3 2
2 0 0
8. Given ; X = 0 3 0
0 0 4
|X| = 2(12) – 0 + 0 = 24 ≠ 0 ⇒ X–1 exists [1]
12 0 0
1
Now, adj X = 0 8 0 ⇒ X–1 = . adjX
X
0 0 6
12 0 0 1 / 2 0 0
1
⇒ X = –1
0 8 0 = 0 1 / 3 0
[1]
24
0 0 6 0 0 1 / 4
9. Given, A2 = 3A, |A| ≠ 0, order of A is 3
∴ |A2| = |3A| [1]
⇒ |A|2 = 33|A| ( |A2| = |A|2 & |KA| = Kn|A| )
or |A| = 27 [1]
SECTION-C
Given; A =
3 7 6 8
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
10. , B=
2 5 7 9
AB =
3 7 6 8 67 87
= , |AB| = 67 × 61 – 87 × 47 = – 2
2 5 7 9 47 61
1 –1 61 –87
(AB)–1 = ·adj(AB) = …..(1)
| AB | 2 –47 67
1 1 9 −8 –1 9 –8
=
Now, B–1 = ·adj(B) =
| B| 6 × 9 – 8 × 7 –7 6 2 –7 6
1 1 5 –7 5 –7
=
A–1 = ·adj(A) =
|A| 3 × 5 – 2 × 7 –2 3 –2 3
–1 9 –8 5 –7 –1 61 –87
B–1A–1 = = …..(2)
2 –7 6 –2 3 2 –47 67
From (1) and (2)
(AB)–1 = B–1A–1 Hence proved
E 3
Mathematics
2 −3
11. Given, A =
−4 7
|A| = 14 – (12) = 2 ≠ 0
Hence, A is invertible.
7 3
adjA = [1]
4 2
1
Hence, A −1 = . adj.(A)
A
1 7 3 7 3
A–1 = or 2A–1 = 4 2 …..(1) [1]
2 4 2
Now, R.H.S. = 9I – A
1 0 2 −3
= 9 −
0 1 −4 7
9 0 2 −3 7 3
= − −4 7 = 4 2 = 2A = L.H.S.
–1
[from (1)] [1]
0 9
Hence, proved
3 −1 1
12. Given, A = −15 6 −5
–1
……(1)
5 −2 2
1 2 −2
and B = −1 3 0
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
0 −2 1
|B| = 1(3 – 0) – 2(– 1 – 0) – 2(2 – 0) = 3 + 2 – 4 = 1 ≠ 0
Hence, B–1 exists.
Now, the co-factors of elements of B are given as :
C11 = 3, C12 = 1, C13 = 2,
C21 = 2, C22 = 1, C23 = 2,
C31 = 6, C32 = 2, C33 = 5 [1]
T
3 1 2 3 2 6
∴ adj (B) = 2 1 2 = 1 1 2
6 2 5 2 2 5
3 2 6
1
⇒ –1
B = (adj B) = 1 1 2 …..(2) [1]
| B| 2 2 5
∵ (AB)–1 = B–1.A–1
4 E
Determinants
3 2 6 3 −1 1 9 − 30 + 30 −3 + 12 − 12 3 − 10 + 12
= 1 1 2 . −15 6 −5 =
3 − 15 + 10 −1 + 6 − 4 1 − 5 + 4 [from (1) and (2)] [1]
2 2 5 5 −2 2 6 − 30 + 25 −2 + 12 − 10 2 − 10 + 10
9 −3 5
⇒ (AB) = −2 1 0
–1
[1]
1 0 2
SECTION-D
13. x = awarded members for honesty
y = awarded members for helping (cooperation)
z = awarded members for supervision.
Sum of all the awarders is 12
so x + y + z = 12 .....(1)
Three times the sum of awardees for y and z.
added to two times the x is 33
3(y + z) + 2x = 33
2x + 3y + 3z = 33 .....(2)
The sum of number of for x and z is twice the y
x + z = 2y
x – 2y + z = 0 .....(3)
above all three equation can be written as matrix form
1 1 1 x 12
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
2 3 3 y = 33
1 −2 1 z 0
1
Let A X = B ⇒ X = A–1.B ⇒ X = ( adjA ) .B
|A|
|A| = 1(3 + 6) –1(2 – 3) + 1(–4 – 3) = 9 + 1 – 7 = 3
adjA = [Cij]T
T
9 1 −7 9 −3 0
= 1 0 −1
−3 0 3 =
0 −1 1 −7 3 1
9 −3 0 12 108 −99 +0
1
1 0 −1 =33 12 +0 +0
1
=X
3 3
−7 3 1 0 −84 +99 +0
x 3
y ⇒ 4 ⇒ x = 3, y = 4, z = 5
z 5
E 5
Mathematics
5 −1 4
14. Given, A = 2 3 5
5 −2 6
5 −1 4
∴ |A| = 2 3 5 = 5(18+10) + (12 – 25) + 4 (–4 – 15) = 140 – 13 – 76 = 51 ≠ 0.
5 −2 6
Hence; A–1 exists
Now co-factors of elements of A are :
A11 = 28, A12 = 13, A13 = – 19
A21 = –2, A22 = 10, A23 = 5
A31 = – 17, A32 = – 17, A33 = 17 [1]
T
28 13 −19 28 −2 −17
∴ adj A = −2 10 5 = 13 10 −17 [1]
−17 −17 17 −19 5 17
28 −2 −17
1 1
⇒ A–1 = (adj A) = 13 10 −17 [1]
A 51 −19 5 17
Given system of equations are
5x – y + 4z = 5
2x + 3y + 5z = 2
5x – 2y + 6z = –1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
This system is written in matrix form as :
5 −1 4 x 5
2 3 5 y = 2
5 −2 6 z −1
⇒ AX = B ⇒ X = A–1B
x 1 28 −2 −17 5
⇒ y = 13 10 −17 2
z 51 −19 5 17 −1
x 140 − 4 + 17
y = 1
or 51 65 + 20 + 17 [1]
z −95 + 10 − 17
x 1 153 3
⇒ y =
= 102 2
z 51 −102 −2
⇒ x = 3 , y = 2, z = –2 [1]
6 E
Determinants
2 −3 5
=
15. Given, A 3 2 −4
1 1 −2
Now, |A| = 2(–4 + 4) + 3 (–6 + 4) + 5(3 – 2)
= 0 – 6 + 5 = –1 ≠ 0 [1]
∵ |A| ≠ 0 i.e. A is invertible.
Co-factors are given as :
C11 = 0, C12 = 2, C13 = 1
C21 = –1, C22 = –9, C23 = –5
C31 = 2, C32 = 23, C33 = 13 [1]
T
⇒ adj(A) = Cij
T
0 2 1 0 −1 2
or
2 −9 23
1 −9 −5=
adj(A) =− [1]
2 23 13 1 −5 13
0 1 −2
adj(A)
⇒ −1
A = = −2 9 −23 [1]
|A|
−1 5 −13
Now, given equations are
2x – 3y + 5z = 11
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
3x + 2y – 4z = –5
and x + y – 2z = –3
2 −3 5 x 11
⇒ 3 2 −4 y =
−5
1 1 −2 z −3
⇒ AX = B or X = A–1B [1]
0 1 −2 11 0 × 11 + (1) × (−5) + (−2) × (−3)
⇒
−2 9 −23 −5 ⇒
X= X = (−2) × 11 + 9 × (−5) + (−23) × (−3)
−1 5 −13 −3 (−1) × 11 + 5 × (−5) + (−13) × (−3)
x 1
⇒
y = 2 ⇒ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 [1]
z 3
E 7
Mathematics
SECTION-E
16. (i) Required area is given as :
−2 6 1
1 1
=A 3 −6 1 = { −2(−6 − 5) − 6(3 − 1) + 1(15 + 6)}
2 2
1 5 1
[ 22 − 12 + 21] = 15.5 sq.units
1
⇒ A=
2
(ii) Since the given points are collinear, area of triangle formed by them must be zero.
2 −3 1
1
⇒ k −1 1 =
0
2
0 4 1
or (–1 – 4) + 3(k – 0) + 1 (4k – 0) = 0
∴ –10 + 3k + 4k = 0
10 10 40
or k= ⇒ 4k = 4 × =
7 7 7
(iii) As per given conditions, we have :
1 3 1
0 0 1 = ±3 ⇒ [1(0 − 0) − 3(0 − k) + 1(0 − 0)] =
1 1
±3
2 2
k 0 1
or 3k = ± 6 ⇒ k = ± 2 or k = 2 (as per question)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_4 Determinants_Paper.docx
OR
Given points A, B and C are (11, 7), (5, 5) and (–1, 3) respectively. Hence, Area of ∆ABC
11 7 1
5 5 1 = [11(5 − 3) − 7(5 + 1) + 1(15 + 5)] = [ 22 − 42 + 20 ]
1 1 1
=
2 2 2
−1 3 1
Hence, Area of ∆ABC = 0 sq. units
∴ Points A, B and C are collinear.
8 E
Continuity and Differentiability
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
| x –1 |
1– x + a , x > 1
1. If f(x) = a + b , x =1 is continuous at x = 1, then the values of a and b are respectively: [1]
| x –1 |
+ b , x <1
1– x
(A) 1, 1 (B) 1, –1 (C) 2, 3 (D) None of these
d 2 −1 1 + x
2. sin cot is : [1]
dx 1 − x
1 1
(A) − (B) 0 (C) (D) –1
2 2
1 d2y
3. If y = , then equals- [1]
x2 – a2 dx 2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
3x 2 + a 2 3x 2 + a 2 2(3x 2 + a 2 ) 2(3x 2 + a 2 )
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(x 2 – a 2 )3 (x 2 – a 2 )4 (x 2 – a 2 )3 (x 2 – a 2 )4
4. The derivative of cos–1 (2x2 – 1) with respect to cos–1 x is [1]
1 2
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 1 – x2
2 1− x 2 x
5. Differential of log [log (log x5)] w.r.t. x is : [1]
5 5
(A) (B)
x log(x ) log(log x 5 )
5
x log(log x 5 )
5x 4 5x 4
(C) (D)
log(x 5 ) log(log x 5 ) log(log x 5 )
e3x − e −5x
; if x ≠ 0
6. The function f(x) = x is continuous at x = 0 for the value of k, as : [1]
; if x = 0
k
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 8
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. Check the differentiability of f(x) = |x – 3| at x = 3. [2]
8. Find f '(x) if f(x) = (tan x)tan x. [2]
1 + cos x
9. Differentiate tan −1 with respect to x. [2]
sin x
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
dy x
10. If x = acosθ + bsinθ, y = asinθ – bcosθ then show that = − and hence show that
dx y
d2 y dy
y2 2
−x +y=0 [3]
dx dx
dy y(1 + log y)
11. If ey – x = yx; Prove that = [3]
dx x log y
12. Differentiate sin2x w.r.t. ecosx. [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
d2 y
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
acos−1 x dy
, − 1 < x < 1 , then show that (1 − x ) −x − a2y =
2
13. =
If y e 2
0 [5]
dx dx
dy x + y
14. If x = aet (sin t + cos t) and y = aet (sin t – cos t), then prove that = . [5]
dx x − y
d2 y dy
15. If y = sin(sinx), prove that 2
+ tan x + y cos 2 x =
0. [5]
dx dx
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Consider the following function :
−1 1
x tan , x≠0
f(x) = x
0 , x=0
Based on the above information answer the following ?
(i) Check the continuity and differentiability of the function f(x) at x = 0.
(ii) Find the value of f "(0) [4]
2 E
Continuity and Differentiability
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
SECTION-A
1. (B) f(x) is continuous at x = 1; therefore, lim f(x) = f(1)
x→1
f(1) = a + b (given)
|1 + h −1 |
RHL : lim f(1 + h) = lim + a = –1 + a ⇒ a + b = –1 + a ⇒ b = –1
h→0 h→0 1 − (1 + h)
|1 − h −1 |
LHL : lim f(1 – h) = lim +b=1+b⇒a+b=1+b⇒a=1
h→0 h→0 1 − (1 − h)
1+ x
2. (A) Let y = sin2 cot −1
1 − x
Put x = cos 2θ
1 + cos 2θ
∴ y = sin2 cot −1 = sin (cot (cot θ))
2 –1
1 − cos 2θ
1 − cos2θ 1 − x 1 x
∴ y = sin2 θ = = = −
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
2 2 2 2
dy 1
∴ = − (Differentiating w.r.t. x)
dx 2
1
3. (C) y=
x − a2
2
dy −2x d2y (x 2 − a 2 )2 .2 − 2x.2(x 2 − a 2 ).2x 2(3x 2 + a 2 )
= 2 2 2 ⇒ = – =
dx (x − a ) dx 2 (x 2 − a 2 ) 4 (x 2 − a 2 )3
4. (A) Let u = cos–1 (2x2 – 1) and v = cos–1 x
For u = cos–1 (2x2 – 1)
Let x = cos θ ⇒ θ = cos–1x
u = cos–1(2 cos2 θ – 1) = cos–1 (cos 2θ) = 2θ = 2 cos–1x
du −2 dv −1
∴ = and =
dx 1− x 2 dx 1 − x2
du du dx
∴ = = 2
dv dv dx
E 1
Mathematics
Aliter :
Let u = cos–1 (2x2 – 1) and v = cos–1 x
⇒ u = cos–1 [2cos2 v – 1]
⇒ u = cos–1 (cos 2v)
⇒ u = 2v
du
⇒ =2
dv
5. (A) Let y = log [log (log x5)]
dy 1 1 1 5
= 5
× 5
× 5 × 5x4 = [1]
dx log(log x ) log(x ) x x log(x ) log(log x 5 )
5
6. (D) The given function is continuous at x = 0, therefore
lim f(0 + h) =
f(0)
h →0
e3h − e −5h
⇒ lim =k
h →0 h
e3h − 1 e −5h − 1
⇒ lim 3 − lim (−5) =k
h →0
3h h→0 −5h
⇒ k=3+5=8 [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
−(x − 3); x < 3
7. Given, f(x) = |x – 3|, f(x) =
(x − 3) ; x ≥ 3
L.H.D. at x = 3
f (3 − h) – f (3)
= lim
h →0 −h
3− h −3 – 0 h
= lim = lim = −1 [1]
h →0 −h h → 0 (−h)
And R.H.D. at x = 3
f (3 + h) – f (3)
= lim
h →0 h
3+ h −3 – 0 h
= lim = lim = 1
h →0 h h → 0 h
∵ L.H.D ≠ R.H.D
∴ Given function f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3. [1]
2 E
Continuity and Differentiability
8. Given, f(x) = (tan x)tan x
Taking log on both sides; we get :
log f(x) = log (tan x) tan x ⇒ log f(x) = tan x log (tan x)
Differentiating w.r.t. x; we get
1 1
.f '(x) = tan x × × sec 2 x + log tan x × sec 2 x [1]
f(x) tan x
f '(x)
= sec 2 x + sec 2 x log tan x
f(x)
f '(x) = f(x).[sec2x (1 + log tanx)]
f '(x) = (tan x) tan x . [sec2x (1 + log tanx)] [1]
1 + cos x
9. Let y = tan −1
sin x
x
2 cos 2
∴ y = tan −1 2
x x
2sin cos
2 2
x
cos
∴ y = tan −1 2 = tan −1 cot x
x [1]
sin 2
2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
π x π x
Hence, y tan −1 tan −
= ⇒ y= −
2 2 2 2
dy 1 1
⇒ = 0− = − (Differentiating w.r.t. x) [1]
dx 2 2
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
10. Given, x = acosθ + bsinθ, and y = asinθ – bcosθ
Now,x2 + y2= (acosθ + bsinθ)2 + (asinθ – bcosθ)2
{ } {a
= a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + 2ab cos θ sin θ + 2
sin 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ − 2ab sin θ cos θ} [1]
= a2 + b2
dy
⇒ x2 + y2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ 2x + 2y =0 (Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x)
dx
E 3
Mathematics
dy
y(−1) + x
dy − x d2 y dx
⇒ = ⇒ = (Again, differentiating w.r.t.x) [1]
dx y dx 2 y2
d2 y dy
⇒ y 2
2
−x +y=0 [1]
dx dx
11. Given, ey – x = yx
(Taking log on both the sides
⇒ (y – x)log e = x log y
(y – x) = xlog y …..(1)
dy 1 dy
⇒ = − 1 x. + log y.1 (Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x) [1]
dx y dx
dy x dy (1 + log y) y(1 + log y)
⇒ − 1 = – (1 + log y) ⇒ = = [1]
dx y dx x (y − x)
1 − y
dy y(1 + log y)
⇒ = [from (1)]
dx x log y
[1]
12. Let y = sin2x and z = ecosx
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
dy
⇒ = 2sin x.cos x (Differentiating w.r.t.x) …...(1) [1]
dx
dz
and = ecos x (− sin x) (Differentiating w.r.t.x) …...(2) [1]
dx
dy dy / dx 2sin x.cos x
⇒ = = [From equations (1) and (2)]
dz dz / dx ecos x (− sin x)
dy −2 cos x
⇒ = cos x = – 2cosx e – cosx [1]
dz e
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
−1
13. Given y = ea cos x
.....(1)
differentiating w.r. t. x
dy −1 1
=−e a cos x ⋅ a × .....(2) [1]
dx 1 − x2
4 E
Continuity and Differentiability
dy
1 − x2 . =
−ay
dx
Squaring on both sides
2
⇒ (1–x2) dy = a 2 y 2 [from (1)] [1]
dx
Again, differentiating w.r. t. x; we get :
2
dy d 2 y dy dy
2(1 – x 2 ) 2 − 2x = 2a 2 y
dx dx dx dx
dy d2 y dy
⇒ 2 (1 − x 2 ) 2 − x − a 2 y = 0 [1]
dx dx dx
d2 y dy dy
⇒ (1–x2) − x − a2y =
0 ∵ ≠ 0, as y is not constant [1]
dx
2
dx dx
= x ae t ( sin t + cos t )
14.
= y ae t ( sin t − cos t )
{given}
dx
= a e t ( cos t − sin t ) + ( sin t + cos t ) e t = aet (sin t + cos t) – aet (sin t – cos t)
dt
dx
⇒ =x–y ......(1) [2]
dt
dy
and, = a [et (cost + sint) + (sint – cost) et] = aet (cost + sint) + aet (sint – cost)
dt
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
dy
⇒ = x+ y ......(2) [2]
dt
dy dy / dt x+y
Hence; = = From (1) and (2) [1]
dx dx / dt x–y
15. Given y = sin(sin x) .....(1)
Differentiating. w.r.t. x
dy
= cos(sinx).cosx .....(2) [1]
dx
Again differentiating w.r.t. x
d dy d d
= cos(sin x) (cos x) + cos x cos(sin x) [1]
dx dx dx dx
d2 y
= –sinx.cos(sinx) + cosx.(–sin{sinx}.cosx) …..(3) [1]
dx 2
d 2 y − sin x dy
= 2
. − y cos2 x [Using (1) & (2)]
dx cos x dx
d2 y dy
⇒ 2
+ tan x + y cos 2 x =
0 [1]
dx dx
E 5
Mathematics
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. (i) We have to check the continuity at x = 0.
L.H.L. at x = 0 is given as :
1 1 π
=lim(0 − h) tan −1 =lim h tan −1 =0 × =0
h →0
0−h h → 0
h 2
and R.H.L. at x = 0 is given as :
1 1 π
lim(0 + h) tan −1 =lim h tan −1 =0 × =0
h →0
0 + h h →0 h 2
and f(0) = 0 ⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Now, we have to check the differentiability at x = 0
1
(− h) tan −1
− h
–0
f(0 − h) − f(0) −1 −π
L.H.D. = lim = lim = lim tan −1 =
h →0 (− h) h →0 (− h) h →0
h 2
1
h tan −1 − 0
f(0 + h) − f(0) h 1 π
and R.H.D. = lim = lim = lim tan −1 =
h →0 h h →0 h h →0
h 2
⇒ f '(0) does not exist [∵ L.H.D. ≠ R.H.D.]
1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_5 Continuity and Differentiability.docx
(ii) f(x) = x tan–1 (given)
x
1 1 −1 1 . x3 1 1 x 1
f '(x) = x. − 2
+ tan 1 =
− . 2 + tan −1 =− + tan −1
1+ 2 x 1+ x x 1+ x
2 2
1 x x x
x
x 1
f '(x) = − + tan −1
1+ x 2
x
(1 + x 2 ).1 − x.(2x) 1 1
⇒ f "(x) = − + − 2
(1 + x )2 2
1 + 1 x
x2
1 + x 2 − 2x 2 x2 1 (1 − x 2 ) 1
= – 2 2
+ 2
− 2
=
− −
(1 + x ) 1 + x x (1 + x ) 1 + x2
2 2
⇒ f "(0) = –2
6 E
Application of Derivatives
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. A cylindrical vessel of radius 0.5m is filled with oil at the rate of 0.25 πm3/minute. The rate at
which the surface of the oil is rising, is [1]
(A) 1 m/minute (B) 2 m/minute (C) 5 m/minute (D) 1.25 m/minute
2. If x = p and x = q are respectively the maximum and minimum points of the function
x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 10, then- [1]
(A) p = 0, q = 1 (B) p = 1, q = 0 (C) p = 1, q = 3 (D) p = 3, q = 1
3. The function y = x2e–x is decreasing in the interval : [1]
(A) (0, 2) (B) (2, ∞) (C) (–∞, 0) (D) (–∞, 0) ∪ (2, ∞)
x
1
4. The maximum value of is : [1]
x
1/e
1/e 1
(A) e (B) e (C) (D) ee
e
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
1 2 9
5. The absolute maximum value of the function f(x) = 4x – x in the interval −2, 2
is : [1]
2
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 6 (D) 10
6. In a sphere of radius r, a right circular cone of height h having maximum curved surface area is
inscribed. The expression for the square of curved surface of cone is : [1]
(A) 2π2rh (2rh + h2) (B) π2rh (2rh + h2) (C) 2π2r (2rh2 – h3) (D) 2π2r2 (2rh – h2)
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
4x 2 + 1
7. Find the intervals in which f(x) = is increasing or decreasing. [2]
x
8. Find the minimum value of f(x), where f(x) = (2x2 – 3) + 3(3 – x) + 4 [2]
9. Find the points of local maxima, local minima and the points of inflection of the function
f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 1. Also, find the corresponding local maximum and local minimum
values. [2]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
4 3 2
10. Find both the maximum and the minimum value of 3x – 8x + 12x – 48x + 1 on the interval
[1, 4]. [3]
π
11. Show that f(x) = sin x (1 + cos x) is maximum at x = in the interval [0, π]. [3]
3
12. For the curve y = 5x – 2x3, if x increases at the rate of 2 units/sec, then how fast is the slope of
the curve changing when x = 3? [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. An Open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of cardboard of area c2
c3
square units. Show that the maximum volume of the box is cubic units. [5]
6 3
14. A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain 1024 cm3 of water, the material
for the top and bottom costs Rs. 5 per cm2 and the material for the sides costs Rs.2.50 per cm2.
Find the least cost of the box. [5]
15. Amongst all open (from the top) right circular cylindrical boxes of volume 125π cm3, find the dimensions
of the box which has the least surface area. [5]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
x
16. The sum of the surface areas is S of a rectangular parallelopiped with sides x, 2x and and a
3
sphere of radius y is given to be constant.
x y
2x
On the basis of above information answer the following questions :
(i) Find the combined volume V in terms of x and y.
(ii) If V is minimum, then find the relation between x and y. [4]
2 E
Application of Derivatives
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
SECTION-A
1. (A) V = πr2h (for cylindrical vessel)
dV
= 0.25 π m3/minute
dt
and r = 0.5 m (given)
dV dh dh
⇒ = πr 2 or 0.25π = π × (0.5)2
dt dt dt
dh
∴ = 1 m/minute
dt
2. (C) Let f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 10, then f'(x) = 5x4 – 20x3 + 15x2 = 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3)
and f"(x) = 20x3 – 60x2 + 30x
for maxima and minima
f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
⇒ x = 0, 1,3 Also f "(1) = –10 < 0
⇒ x = 1 is a point of maxima ⇒ p = 1 and f"(3) = 90 > 0
⇒ x = 3 is a point of minima ⇒ q = 3
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
3. (D) Given, y = x2 e–x
+ – +
⇒ y′= 2xe–x + x2 (–e–x) = e–x {2x – x2} = e–x . x(2 – x)
–∞ 0 2 +∞
Now, y' ≤ 0 (∵ y is decreasing function)
⇒ e–x x (2 – x) ≤ 0
⇒ x (x – 2) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ (– ∞, 0] ∪ [2, ∞) [1]
x
1 1
4. (A) Let y = ⇒ log y = x log x
x
1 dy 1 −1 1 1
⇒ =
x× × 2 + log .1 = – 1 + log …(1)
y dx 1/ x x x x
dy 1 1
x
⇒ = −1 + log
dx x x
dy 1 1 x
If =0 ⇒ log = 1= log e ∵ ≠ 0
dx x x
1
⇒ x=
e
E 1
Mathematics
Now differentiating equation (i) w.r.to x, we get
2
1 d 2 y 1 dy 1
− 2 = x×− 2
y dx y dx
2
x
2
1 d 2 y 1 dy 1
⇒ − 2 = −
y dx y dx
2
x
2
1 d2y 1 1
⇒ = log − 1 − [from (1)]
x x
2
y dx
d 2 y 1 1 1
x 2
=
⇒ log − 1 −
dx 2 x x x
d2y 1
∵ 2
at x = < 0
dx e
1
Hence x = is a point of maxima.
e
x
1
⇒ Maximum value of = (e)1/e [1]
x
1 2 9
5. (A) f(x) = 4x – x in −2,
2 2
2x
⇒ f '(x) = 4 – = 4 − x
2
Put f '(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 4
1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
Now ; f(–2) = 4 × (–2) – × 4 = –8 – 2 = –10,
2
1
f(4) = 4 × 4 – × 16 = 16 – 8 = 8
2
2
9 9 1 9 36 81 144 − 81 63
and f = 4 × − × = − = =
2 2 2 2 2 8 8 8
Hence ; absolute maximum value of f(x) = 8 at x = 4 [1]
6. (C) As per the given figure,
r2 = R2 + (h – r)2 A
⇒ R2 = r2 – (h – r)2 = h(2r – h) ……(1) r
⇒ 2 2
h + R = 2rh ……(2) r O h
Now ; curved surface area of cone is :
R
B C
S = πR ⇒ S2 = π2R2 2 D
or S2 = π2 r 2 − (h − r)2 (R 2 + h 2 ) [from (1)]
= π2h (2r – h) (2rh) [from (2)]
= 2π2r (2rh2 – h3) [1]
2 E
Application of Derivatives
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
4x 2 + 1
7. We have, f(x) =
x
1 + – +
= 4x +
f(x)
x –∞ ∞
1 4x 2 − 1
⇒ f ′(x) =4 − = 2 Signs of f'(x) for different values of x
x2 x
For f(x) to be increasing, we must have
f ′(x) ≥ 0
4x 2 − 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ 0 ⇒ 4x2 – 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ (2x – 1) (2x + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ x − x + > 0
x 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
⇒ x ≤ − or x ≥ ⇒ x ∈ −∞, − ∪ , ∞
2 2 2 2
1 1 + – +
So, f(x) is increasing on −∞, − ∪ , ∞
2 2 –∞ ∞
For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have Signs of f'(x) for different values of
f ′(x) ≤ (0)
4x 2 − 1
⇒ 2
≤ 0 ⇒ 4x2 – 1 ≤ 0 [∵ x 2 > 0]
x
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
1 1 1 1
⇒ (2x – 1) (2x + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ − ≤x≤ ⇒ x ∈ − ,
2 2 2 2
1 1
But domain (f) = R – {0}. So, f(x) is decreasing on − , 0 ∪ 0, .
2 2
8. Given: f(x) = (2x2 – 3) + 3(3 – x) + 4 …..(1)
f '(x) = 4x – 3
for maxima or minima f '(x) = 0
3
⇒ 4x – 3 = 0 ⇒ x =
4
f "(x) = 4
3
So, x = is point of minima
4
3 9 3 3 −15 9
Now, f = 2 × − 3 + 3 3 − + 4 ⇒ f = +9− +4
4 16 4 4 8 4
3 −33 71
f = + 13= (minimum value)
4 8 8
E 3
Mathematics
9. Let y = f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 1. Then
dy
=5x 4 − 20x 3 + 15x 2 = 5x2 (x2 – 4x + 3) = 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3)
dx
dy
The critical points of y = f(x) are given by =0
dx
dy
Now, = 0 ⇒ 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, x = 1, x = 3
dx
dy
Clearly, does not change its sign as x increases through 0. So, x = 0 is a point of inflection.
dx
dy
It is evident from figure that changes it sign from positive to negative as x increases through
dx
1. So, x = 1 is a point of local maximum.
+ + – +
–∞ 0 1 3 ∞
Signs of for different values of x.
The local maximum value of f(x) is f(1) = 1 – 5 + 5 – 1 = 0
dy
We observe, from figure, that changes its sign from negative to positive as x increases
dx
through 3. So, x = 3 is a point of local minimum.
The local minimum value of f(x) is f(3) = 35 – 5 × 34 + 5 × 33 – 1 = –28
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
4 3 2
10. Let f(x) = 3x – 8x + 12x – 48x + 1.
3 2
Then, f '(x) = 12x – 24x + 24x – 48
Now, f '(x) = 0
3 2 3 2
⇒ 12 x – 24 x + 24 x – 48 = 0 ⇒ x – 2x + 2x – 4 = 0
2
⇒ x (x – 2) + 2(x – 2) = 0 ⇒ (x – 2) (x2 + 2) = 0
⇒ x=2 [∵ x2 + 2 ≠ 0]
Now, f(2) = – 63,
f(1) = – 40 and f(4) = 257.
So, the minimum and maximum values of f(x) on [1,4] are –63 and 257 respectively.
4 E
Application of Derivatives
11. We have, f(x) = sin x (1 + cos x)
⇒ f(x) = sin x (1 + cos x)
⇒ f ′(x) = cos x(1 + cos x) − sin 2 x
⇒ f ′(x)
= cos x + cos2 x − (1 − cos2 x)
⇒ ′(x) 2cos2 x + cos x=
f= − 1 (2 cos x − 1)(cos x + 1)
At stationary points, we have
f ′(x) = 0
⇒ (2 cos x – 1) (cos x + 1) = 0
1 π
⇒ cos x = or, cos x = – 1 ⇒ x = or x = π
2 3
Let us now compute the values of x at these stationary points and at the end-points of the interval.
π π π 3 3
Now, f(0) = 0, f =
sin 1 + cos =
and f(π) = 0
3 3 3 4
3 3
Of these values, the maximum value is .
4
3 3 π
Hence, f(x) attains the maximum value at x = .
4 3
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
12. Given, curve y = 5x – 2x3
Let 'm' be the slope of the curve at an arbitrary point (x, y) on it. Then,
dy
m= ⇒ m = 5 – 6x2
dx
dx dm
It is given that = 2 units/sec and we have to find when x = 3.
dt dt
dm dx
Now, m = 5 – 6x2 ⇒ = – 12x
dt dt
dm dx
⇒ dt = – 12 × 3 × 2 = – 72 units/sec =
∵ x 3=
and 2
x =3 dt
Thus, the slope of the curve is decreasing at the rate of 72 units/sec, when x is increasing at the
rate of 2 units/sec.
E 5
Mathematics
SECTION-D
13. Let each side of the square base be x and height by y then
c2 = total surface area of the box = 4 xy + x2 ..... (1)
Let v be the corresponding volume of the box, then y
Volume of open box = Area of base × height
x
c2 − x2 1 2 x
v = x2y = x2 ⇒ v = (c x – x ), 0 < x < c
3
......(2)
4x 4
dv 1 d 2v 1 3
= (c2 – 3x2) and 2
= (–6x) = – x
dx 4 dx 4 2
For maximum value of volume
dv 1 c
= (c2 – 3x2) = 0 ⇒ c2 – 3x2 = 0 ⇒ x =
dx 4 3
d 2v 3 c
2 c =– × <0
dx x = 2 3
3
c
Therefore v is maximum at x = and maximum volume will be
3
1 2 c c 3 1 2c3 c3
v= c × − = ⇒ v = cubic units
4 3 3 3 43 3 6 3
14. Let the length, breadth and height of the metal box be x cm, x cm and y cm respectively. It is
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
given that the box can contain 1024 cm3 of water.
1024
∴ 1024 = x 2 y ⇒ y= ….(1)
x2
Let C be the total cost in Rs. of material used to construct the box. Then,
5
C= 5x 2 + 5x 2 + × 4xy ⇒ C = 10x2 + 10xy
2
We have to find the least value of C.
Now, C = 10x2 + 10xy
y
1024
⇒ C = 10x + 10x × 2
2
[Using (1)] y
x
y
x y
10240 x x
⇒ =
C 10x 2 + x
x
dC 10240 d 2C 20480
⇒ = 20x − and =
2
20 +
dx x 2
dx x3
6 E
Application of Derivatives
dC
The critical numbers for C are given by =0
dx
dC 10240
Now, = 0 ⇒ 20x − 0 ⇒ x3 = 5012 ⇒ x3 = 83 ⇒ x = 8
=
dx x2
d 2C 20480
Also, 2 = 20 + >0
dx x =8 83
Thus, the cost of the box is least when x = 8. Putting x = 8 in (i), we obtain y = 16. So, the
dimensions of the box are 8 × 8 × 16.
Putting x = 8 and y = 16 in C = 10x2 + 10xy, we obtain C = 1920
Hence, the least cost of the box is Rs.1920.
15.
h
Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the volume of the cylindrical box respectively [1]
∵=
V 125 π cm 3 (given)
125
πr2h = 125π ⇒ h= …..(1) [1]
r2
Let S be the surface area of cylindrical box
∴ S = 2πrh + πr2 = πr (2h + r)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
S = πr 2 + r [from equation(1)]
250
⇒ [1]
r
250 π
S= + πr 2
r
dS 250 π d 2S 500 π
⇒ =− 2 + 2 πr and = + 2π [1]
dr r dr 2 r3
dS
for maxima or minima =0
dr
250 π
⇒ 2 πr = 2 ⇒ r3 = 125
r
d 2S
⇒ r = 5 ⇒ 2 >0
dr r =5
So surface area S of cylinder is least at r = 5
Hence; dimensions of box are r = 5 cm and h = 5 cm [1]
E 7
Mathematics
SECTION-E
x x
16. (i) Given, S = 2 x × 2x + 2x × + × x + 4πy2 = 6x2 + 4πy2 …..(1)
3 3
4 3 x
We have, V = πy + x × 2x ×
3 3
4 3 2 3
V= πy + x …..(2)
3 3
(ii) From equation (1)
3/2
4 S − 6x 2 2
V = π + x3
3 4π 3
dv 1 3 2
= × (S − 6x 2 )1/2 (−12x) + × 3x 2
dx 6 π 2 3
3
= − (S − 6x 2 )1/2 x + 2x 2
π
dv
For minimum =0
dx
3
⇒ − (S − 6x 2 )1/2 x + 2x 2 =
0
π
3x
⇒ 2x2 = (S − 6x 2 )1/2
π
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_6 Application of Derivatives.docx
3x
⇒ =
2x 2 (4 πy 2 )1/2 [Using (1)]
π
⇒ 2 πx= 3(4 πy 2 )1/2
⇒ 4πx2 = 9 × 4πy2 ⇒ x2 = 9y2
⇒ x = 3y
8 E
Integrals
7. INTEGRALS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
∫ sec x tan x dx = ?
5
1. [1]
1 5 1 5
(A) tan x + C (B) sec x + C (C) 5 log |cos x| + C (D) None of these
5 5
5 x
2. The value of ∫
2
x + 7−x
dx is [1]
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) ½
x
3. If ∫ =
a − x3
3
dx g(x) + C, then g(x) = [1]
2 2 −1 x 3 2 −1 x 3 2 x
(A) cos −1 x (B) sin 3 (C) sin (D) cos −1
3 3 a 3 a3 3 a
dx
4. ∫ cos x + 3 sin x
[1]
1 x π x π
(A) log tan − + C (B) log tan + + C
2 2 12 2 12
x π 1 x π
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
(C) log tan − + C (D) log tan + + C
2 12 2 2 12
y
dt d2 y
5. If x = ∫ and = ay , then a is equal to [1]
0 1 + 9t 2 dx 2
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 1
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1
6. Evaluate : ∫
–2
5 – 4x – x 2 dx [2]
dx
7. Evaluate : ∫ 5 − 8x − x 2
[2]
2
x2
8. Evaluate : ∫ 1 + 5x dx
−2
[2]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
π /4
sin x + cos x
9. Evaluate : ∫
0
3 + sin 2x
dx [3]
x2
10. Find ∫ (x − 1)(x + 1)2 dx [3]
x3 + 1
11. Find : ∫ 3 dx [3]
x −x
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1
12. Evaluate : ∫ log ( log x ) + ( log x ) 2 dx [5]
4
13. Evaluate : ∫ 1
[| x − 1 | + | x − 2 | + | x − 3 |] dx [5]
π /4
sin x + cos x
14. Evaluate : ∫ 16 + 9sin 2x dx
0
[5]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
b b
15. If f(x) is a continuous function defined on [a, b], then ∫a
=
f(x) dx ∫
a
f(a + b − x) dx
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions : [4]
π /3
(i) ∫π /6
log tan x dx
3 π 10
sin x
(ii) Evaluate ∫
π5
(sin x + cos x)
dx
2 E
Integrals
7. INTEGRALS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS (SOLUTIONS)
SECTION-A
1. (B) Let I = ∫ sec 4 x ·sec x tan x dx
Put sec x = t ⇒ sec x tan x dx = dt
1 1
= ∫ t 4 dt = t 5 + C = sec5 x + C
5 5
5
x
2. (C) Let I = ∫ dx .......(1)
2 x + 7−x
5
7−x b b
⇒ I= ∫ dx .......(2) ∵ ∫ f (x)dx
= ∫ f (a + b − x)dx
2 7−x + x a a
Adding (1) and (2) ; we get
7−x
5 5
x
=2I ∫
2 7−x + x
dx + ∫
2 7 − x + x
dx
x + 7−x
5 5
⇒ 2I = ∫ dx = ∫ 1dx
2 7−x + x 2
3
2I = [ x ]2 = 5 – 2 ⇒ I =
5
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
or
2
x
3. (C) Given, ∫ a − x3
3
dx = g(x) + C
x dx
⇒ ∫ = g(x) + C
(a ) − (x 3/2 ) 2
3/2 2
Put x3/2 = t
3 2
x dx = dt ⇒ x dx = dt
2 3
2 dt 2 t
Now
3 ∫ (a ) − t
3/2 2
= g(x) + C ⇒ sin –1 3/2 + C = g(x) + C
2 3 a
2 –1 x 3/2 2 x3
⇒ sin 3/2 + C = g(x) + C ⇒ g(x) = sin–1 3
3 a 3 a
E 1
Mathematics
dx 1
4. (D) Let I = ∫ cos x + 3 sin x
[Multiplying & dividing by
2
]
1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
= ∫
2 1 3
= ∫
2 π π
= ∫
2 π
cos x + sin x sin cos x + cos sin x sin x +
2 2 6 6 6
1 π 1 x π x
= ∫ cosec x += dx log tan + + C ∵ ∫ cos
= ec xdx log tan + C
2 6 2 2 12 2
y
dt dx 1 dy
5. (C) x =∫ ⇒ = ⇒ = 1 + 9y 2 (Differentiating w.r.t. x)
0 1 + 9t 2 dy 1 + 9y 2 dx
d2 y 18y dy dy
=
which gives = · 9y ⇒ a = 9 =
∵ dx 1 + 9y 2
dx 2
2 1 + 9y 2 dx
SECTION-B
1
6. Let I= ∫
−2
5 − 4x − x 2 dx
1
x 2 a2 x
= ∫ 32 − ( x + 2 ) dx ∵ ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx
= a − x 2 + sin –1 + c
2
[1]
−2 2 2 a
1
x + 2 2 9 x + 2
= 3 − ( x + 2 ) + sin −1
2
2 2 3 −2
9 9π
= sin −1 1 =
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
[1]
2 4
dx
7. Let I = ∫
5 − 8x − x 2
dx dx
=∫ =∫
−[x + 8x − 5 + 16 − 16]
2
−[(x + 4) 2 − 21]
dx 1 21 + (x + 4)
= ∫
= log +C
( 21) − (x + 4)
2 2
2 21 21 − (x + 4)
2
x2
8. Let I= ∫ 1 + 5x dx
−2
....(1)
b b
Using property ∫ ƒ(x)dx
= ∫ ƒ(a + b − x)dx
a a
2 2
x2 x 2 5x
I= ∫−2 1 + 5− x ⇒ I = ∫−2 1 + 5x dx ....(2)
2 E
Integrals
Adding (1) & (2), we get :
2 2
2I = ∫ x dx ⇒ 2I = 2 ∫ x 2 dx
2
[∵ x2 is even function]
−2 0
2
=I ∫ x=
dx 2
3
(x=
)0
3
(2 − 0 )
1 3 2 1 3 3
0
8
I=
3
SECTION-C
π /4 π /4
sin x + cos x sin x + cos x
9. Let I= ∫
0
3 + sin 2x
dx ⇒ I = ∫ 4 − (sin x − cos x)
0
2
π
Put sin x − cos x =
t, (cos x + sin x)dx =
dt, x =
0, t =
−1, x =, t =
0
4
2+t
0
0
dt 1
I= ∫−1 (2)2 − t 2 ⇒ I=
4
log
2 − t −1
1 1 1 1 1
=I log1 − log ⇒ I=
− log = log 3
4 3 4 3 4
x2
10. Let I = ∫ (x − 1)(x + 1)2 dx
x2 A B C
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
Let = + + [1]
(x − 1)(x + 1) 2
(x − 1) (x + 1) (x + 1) 2
⇒ x2 = A(x + 1)2 + B(x – 1)(x + 1) + C(x – 1)
1
Put x = 1, ⇒ 1 = 4A ⇒ A =
4
1
Put x = –1, ⇒ 1 = C(–2) ⇒ C = –
2
Comparing the coefficients of x2 on both sides ; [1]
1 3
1 = A + B ⇒ B = 1 – A = 1– =
4 4
1 1 3 1 1 1
Hence, I =
4 ∫ (x − 1) dx + 4 ∫ (x + 1) dx – 2 ∫ (x + 1) 2
dx
1 3 1
I= log | x − 1| + log | x + 1| + +C [1]
4 4 2(x + 1)
E 3
Mathematics
x3 + 1
11. I= ∫ x3 − x
dx
x3 + 1 − x + x 1+ x
I=∫ dx or I = ∫ 1 + 3 dx
x −x
3
x −x
1+ x 1
= ∫ 1 + dx = ∫ 1+ dx [1]
x ( x − 1) x ( x − 1)
2
= ∫ 1 +
1 1
− dx = x + log x − 1 − log x + C [1]
x −1 x
x −1
= x + log +C [1]
x
SECTION-D
1
=
12. Let I ∫ log(log x) + (log x) 2 dx
1
= ∫ log(log x) dx + ∫ (log x) 2
dx
In the first integral, let us take 1 as the second function. Then integrating it by parts, we get
1 dx
I =x log(log x) − ∫ x dx + ∫
x log x (log x)2
dx dx
= x log(log x) − ∫ +∫ …..(1)
log x (log x)2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
dx
Again, consider ∫ log x , take 1 as the second function and integrate it by parts,
dx x 1 1
we have ∫ log x log x ∫ (log x)2 x dx
= − x − …..(2)
Putting (2) in (1), we get
x dx dx x
=I x log(log x) − −∫ 2
+∫ 2
= x log(log x) − +C
log x (log x) (log x) log x
4
13. Let =
I ∫ 1
[| x − 1 | + | x − 2 | + | x − 3 |]dx
4 4 4
⇒ I= ∫
1
x − 1 dx ∫ x − 2 dx + ∫ x − 3 dx
1 1
I = I1 + I 2 + I3 ..…(1)
4 E
Integrals
4 4 4
∫ x − 1 dx, I2 =
Where, I1 =
1 ∫ x − 2 dx, and=
I3
1 ∫1
x − 3 dx
4
=
I1 ∫1
x − 1 dx
( x − 1) ≥ 0 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 4
∫ ( x − 1) dx
4
∴ =
I1
1
4
x2
=
I1 − x
2 1
1 9
⇒ I1 = 8 − 4 − + 1 = ..…(2)
2 2
4
=
I2 ∫1
x − 2 dx
x − 2 ≥ 0 for 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 and x − 2 ≤ 0 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
I 2 = ∫ ( 2 − x ) dx + ∫ ( x − 2 ) dx
2 4
∴
1 2
2 4
x2 x2
⇒ I 2 = 2x − + − 2x
2 1 2 2
1 1 5
⇒ I 2 = 4 − 2 − 2 + + [8 − 8 − 2 + 4] ⇒ I 2 = + 2 = ..…(3)
2 2 2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
4
=
I3 ∫1
x − 3 dx
x − 3 ≥ 0 for 3 ≤ x ≤ 4 and x − 3 ≤ 0 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
I3 = ∫ ( 3 − x ) dx + ∫ ( x − 3) dx
3 4
∴
1 3
3 4
x2 x2
⇒ I 3 = 3x − + − 3x
2 1 2 3
9 1 9
⇒ I3 = 9 − − 3 + + 8 − 12 − + 9
2 2 2
1 5
⇒ I3 = [ 6 − 4 ] + = ..…(4)
2 2
From equations (1), (2), (3), and (4), we obtain
9 5 5 19
I= + + =
2 2 2 2
E 5
Mathematics
π /4 π /4
sin x + cos x sin x + cos x
14. Let I = ∫
0
16 + 9sin 2x
dx = ∫
0 16 + 9 {1 − (sin x − cos x) }
2
dx
Put sin x – cos x = t ⇒ (cos x + sin x)dx = dt
π
when x = 0, t = –1 and=
x = ,t 0 [1]
4
0 0
dt dt
∴ I=∫ = ∫ 16 + 9 − 9t [1]
−1
16 + 9(1 − t 2 ) −1
2
a+x
0 0 0
dt 1 dt 1 dt 1 1
=∫ = ∫ = ∫ ∫
∵ = dx log + c [1]
25 − 9t 2
25
9 −1 − t 2 9 −1 5 2
a −x
2 2
2a a−x
−1
− ( t )2
9 3
0
5
+t
1 1 3 3
= . × log [1]
9 2 5 5 − t
3 −1
1 ( ) 1 1
= log 1 − log = log 4 [1]
30 4 30
SECTION-E
π /3
15. (i) Let I = ∫
π /6
log tan x dx …..(1)
b b
Using ∫ f (x) dx
= ∫ f (a + b − x) dx , we have :
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
a a
π /3 π π π /3 π
I= ∫ π /6
log tan + − x dx ⇒ I =
3 6
∫ π /6
log tan − x dx
2
π /3 π /3
Or I= ∫ π /6
log cot x dx = − ∫
π /6
log tan xdx …..(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2) ; we get :
Or 2I = 0 ⇒ I = 0
3 π 10
sin x
(ii) Let I =
π5
∫ (sin x + cos x)
dx …..(1)
π 3π π 3π π
Here, a = and b = ⇒ (a + b) = + =
5 10 5 10 2
b b
Using ∫ f (x) dx
= ∫ f (a + b − x) dx , we have :
a a
6 E
Integrals
π
3 π 10 sin − x
2
I= ∫ π π
dx
π5 sin − x + cos − x
2 2
3 π 10
cos x
⇒ I= ∫
π5
(sin x + cos x)
dx …..(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
3 π 10
3π π π π
1·dx = [ x ]π 5 = − =
3 π 10
2I =
π5
∫ 10 5 10
⇒ I=
20
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_7 Integrals_Paper.docx
E 7
Application of Integrals
8. APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
3
1. If the area above the x-axis, bounded by the curve y = 2kx and x = 0, and x = 2 is , then the
log e 2
value of k is [1]
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 2
2
2. The area bounded by the curve y = logex and x-axis and the straight line x = e is [1]
1 1
(A) e sq. units (B) 1 sq. units (C) 1 − sq.units (D) 1 + sq.units
e e
3. The area bounded by the curve y = x|x|, x-axis and the ordinates x = –1, x = 1 is [1]
1 2 4
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (D) 1 sq. unit
3 3 3
4. The area bounded by x = y , x = 0 and x – y + 2 = 0 is [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
9 10 7
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (D) 9 sq. units
2 3 6
5. The area cut off by the latus rectum from the parabola y2 = 4ax is [1]
8 8 8 2 8 3
(A) a sq. units (B) a sq. units (C) a sq. units (D) a sq. units
3 3 3 3
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
6. Using integration, sketch the graph of curve y = |x + 1| and evaluate area under the curve above
x-axis and between x = –3 to x = 1. [2]
7. Using integration, find the area enclosed by the curve x = 3cost, y = 2sint. [2]
x2 y2
8. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse + =
1. [2]
4 9
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
9. Using integration, find the area bounded by the curve y2 = 4x, y-axis and y = 3. [3]
10. Find the area of the region bounded by curve 4x2 = y and the line y = 8x + 12, using integration. [3]
11. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves x2 + y2 = 4, x = 3y and
x – axis lying in the first quadrant. [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
a2
12. If the area bounded by the parabola y2=16ax and the line y = 4mx is sq. units, then using
12
integration, find the value of m. [5]
13. Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangular region whose vertices are
(2,–2), (4, 3) and (1, 2). [5]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
14. Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line
y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32. [5]
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
15. Consider the following equations of curve x2 = y and y = x.
On the basis of above information answer the following questions. [4]
(i) Find the point of intersection of both the curves and draw the graph of the given curves.
(ii) Using integration find the value of area bounded by the curves x2 = y and y = x.
2 E
Application of Integrals
8. APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS (SOLUTIONS)
SECTION-A
1. (B) According to question;
2
3 Y
2kx
∫ 2 dx =
kx
0
log 2
X' X
2
O x=2
2 kx
3
=
Y'
k log 2 0 log 2
1 3
⇒ [22k − 1] =
k log 2 log 2
Solving, we get k = 1
2. (B) y = logex intersects x-axis at (1, 0)
∴ According to question Y
logx
Required Area 1
X'
O x=eX
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
e
(1,0)
= ∫ log x dx = [x log x − x]1e
1
Y'
= 1 sq. units
3. (B) Required Shaded Area
= 2 × (Area in the 1st quadrant) Y
2
1 x =y
= 2 × ∫ x dx 2
0
X' O X
3 1
x
= 2 x=1
3 0 2 x = –1
x = –y
2 Y'
= sq. units
3
E 1
Mathematics
4. (B) Required Shaded Area
2 Y
= ∫ (x + 2 − x 2 ) dx
0
(2, 4)
2
x2 x3 8
= + 2x − = 2 + 4 − − 0
2 3 0 3 X' X
O (2, 0)
10 x–y+2=0
= sq. units
3 Y'
5. (C) ∵ Latus rectum of parabola y2 = 4ax is x = a
a Y
Required Shaded Area = 2 ∫ 4ax dx
0 y2 = 4ax
a
2
= 4 a. x 3/2 X' O X
3 0
8
= a 2 sq. units x=a
3 Y'
SECTION-B
x + 1; if x ≥ − 1
6. y = |x + 1| =
−(x + 1); if x < − 1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
Required Area = Area of CDEC + Area of ABCA
−1
Y
∫ ∫
1
= y dx + y dx E
−3 −1 B
y=
–(
1
x+
x+
1)
y=
−1
∫ ∫
1
= −(x + 1)dx + (x + 1) dx
−3 −1
C
X' X
D(–3, 0) (–1, 0) O A(1, 0)
−1 1
x x2
2
=
− + x + + x Y'
2 −3 2 −1
1 9 1 1
=
− − 1 − − 3 + + 1 − − 1
2 2 2 2
1 3 3 1
= + + + = 4 sq. units
2 2 2 2
2 E
Application of Integrals
7. x = 3cost, y = 2sint
Y
x y
⇒ = cos t and = sin t (0,2) B
3 2
(–3,0) O
2 2 A
x y X′ X
⇒ + =
1 (Ellipse) (3,0)
9 4
(0,–2)
Y'
It is symmetrical about both the axes.
∴ Area enclosed by the ellipse = 4[Area enclosed by the ellipse and the coordinate axes in the
first quadrant]
3
2
Required area = 4 (area of OABO) = 4 ∫ 9 − x 2 dx
0
3
3
8 x 9 x
= 9 − x 2 + sin −1 =6π sq. units
3 2 2 3 0
8. The given curve is an ellipse with centre at (0, 0) and symmetrical about X-axis and Y-axis.
Area bounded by the ellipse
Y
(0, 3)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
X X
O (2, 0)
= 4 × (Area of shaded region in the first quadrant only) (∵ By symmetry)
x=b
= 4× ∫ y dx (Considering the elementary strip on x-axis)
x=a
2 23 x2 y2 3
∫ y dx 4 ∫
= 4=
0 02
4 − x 2 dx ∵ +
4 9
=1,∴ y = 4 − x 2
2
2
2 x 22 x x 2 a2 x
= 6∫ 2 −x=
2
dx 6 4 − x 2 + sin −1 ∵ ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx
2
= a − x 2 + sin −1 + C
0 2 2 2 0 2 2 a
π
{ }
= 6 0 + 2 sin −1 (1) − 0 = 6 × 2 × = 6 π sq. unit.
2
E 3
Mathematics
SECTION-C
9. Given curve is y2 = 4x .....(1)
and given line is y = 3 .....(2)
Y
From equations (1) and (2) :
9
Point of intersection is B ,3 A (0, 3) y2 = 4x [1]
4 y=3
3 X' X
⇒ Required Area = ∫0
x dy O
3
1 3 1 y3
= ∫ y 2 .dy = Y'
[1]
4 0 4 3 0
1 33 0 1 27 9
= − = . = sq. units [1]
4 3 3 4 3 4
10. Given curve is 4x2 = y ….(1)
and given line is y = 8x + 12 ….(2) Y (3,36)
From eq. (1) & (2), we get :
2
4x2 – 8x – 12 = 0 4x = y
⇒ x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
⇒ (x – 3) (x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 3, –1 (–1,4)
X' X
From equation (1); when x = 3, y = 36 (–1,0) O (3,0) [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
and when x = –1 ⇒ y = 4.
So, point of intersection of curve & line
are (3, 36) and (–1,4). Y'
3
⇒ ∫ {(8x + 12 ) − 4x } dx
2
Required Area =
−1
3
8x 2 4x 3
= + 12x − [1]
2 3 −1
4
= (36 + 36 – 36) – 4 − 12 +
3
20
= 36 +
3
128
= sq.units [1]
3
4 E
Application of Integrals
11. Given curve x2 + y2 = 4 is a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 2.
And line is . Now, for point of intersection of line & circle, we have :
⇒ 4y2 = 4 ⇒ y = ± 1
Y
For y = 1; x =
So, point C is C [1]
Required area = area of OACO + Area of ABCA B (2, 0)
X' X
O A
x2 + y2 = 4
Y'
[1]
[1]
SECTION-D
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
12. Given equation of curve are y2 = 16ax ….. (1)
and y = 4mx …..(2)
From equation (1) and (2)
16m2x2 = 16ax
⇒ m2x2 – ax = 0 ⇒
⇒ x = 0;
or y = 0;
Required area =
E 5
Mathematics
Given Required area is sq. units
∴ ⇒ m3 = 8 ⇒ m = 2
13. Line AB is : , line BC is
Line AC is ; y = –4x + 6 ⇒
Required area
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
sq.units.
14. Given line is y = x .....(1)
2 2 Y
and given circle is x + y = 32 .....(2)
(4,4)
From equation (1) & (2); we have :
( 4 2, 0)
2x = 32 ⇒ x = ± 4 ∴y=±4
2
X' X [2]
(4,0)
O
Now; (4, 4) lies in Ist quadrant x 2+ y2= 32
⇒ Required Area = [1]
Y'
[1]
= 4π sq. units [1]
6 E
Application of Integrals
SECTION-E
15. (i) We have, x2 = y and y = x
∴ x2 = x
⇒ x2 – x = 0 ⇒ x(x – 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 1
Now, when x = 0, y = 0 and when x = 1, y = 1
So, point of intersection is (0, 0) and (1, 1)
The graph of the curves is given as
Y
x2 = y
y=x
(1, 1)
X' (0, 0) X
O x=1
Y'
1 1
(ii) Required area = ∫y
0
line dx − ∫ y parabola dx
0
1 1
1
x 2 x3
1
1 1 1
= ∫ x dx − ∫ x=
dx − = = − = sq. units.
2
0 0
2 0 3 0 2 3 6
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_8 Application of Integrals_Paper.docx
E 7
Differential Equation
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
dy y + 1
1. The number of solutions of = , when y(1) = 2 is [1]
dx x − 1
(A) None (B) One (C) Two (D) Infinite
dy
2. Solution of differential equation – y tan x = 2 sin x is [1]
dx
cos 2x cos 2x
(A) y cos x = +C (B) y cos x = − +C
2 2
sin 2x cos 2x
(C) y cos x = − +C (D) y sin x = − +C
2 2
dy
3. The integrating factor of differential equation (1 – x2) – xy = 1 is [1]
dx
1
(A) –x (B) – 1 − x 2 (C) 1 − x 2 (D) l og(1 − x 2 )
2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
dy y logx
4. The solution of differential equation − = is [1]
dx x x
(A) y = – log x – 1 + Cx (B) y = log x – 1 + Cx
(C) y = log x + 1 + Cx (D) y = – log x + 1 + Cx
d2y
2
d2y dy
5. Write the order and degree of the differential equation + 3 =
x 2
log 2 [1]
dx 2 dx dx
dy
6. Find the integrating factor of x + (1 + x cot x) y =x [1]
dx
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. Find the solution of differential equation cos x sin y dx + sin x cos y dy = 0. [2]
dy 3e 2x + 3e 4x
8. Find the general solution of the differential equation : = x –x . [2]
dx e +e
Find the general solution of the differential equation : log =
dy
9. ax + by . [2]
dx
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
dy
10. Find the general solution of − 3y =
sin 2x [3]
dx
11. Find the general solution of the differential equation : edy/dx = x2. [3]
dy
12. Find the particular solution of the differential equation x −y=x 2 .e x , given y(1) = 0. [3]
dx
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. Solve : (x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy. [5]
14. Find the particular solution of the differential equation ex tan y dx + (2 – ex) sec2ydy = 0, given
π
that y = when x = 0. [5]
4
dy
15. Find the particular solution of the differential equation + 2ytanx = sin x, given that y = 0
dx
π
when x = . [5]
3
SECTION-E
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. A Veterinary doctor was examining a sick cat brought by a pet lover. When it was brought to the
hospital, it was already dead. The pet lover wanted to find its time of death. He took the
temperature of the cat at 11.30 pm which was 94.6°F. He took the temperature again after one
hour; the temperature was lower than the first observation. It was 93.4°F. The room in which the
cat was put is always at 70°F. The normal temperature of the cat is taken as 98.6°F when it was
alive. The doctor estimated the time of death using Newton law of cooling which is governed by
dT
the differential equation: ∝ (T − 70) , where 70° F is the room temperature and T is the
dt
temperature of the object at time t.
Substituting the two different observations of T and t made, in the solution of the differential
dT
equation = k (T − 70) where k is a constant of proportion, time of death is calculated.
dt
Based on the given information, answer the following questions.
dT
(i) The solution of the differential equation = (T − 70) is given as ?
dt
(ii) If t = 0 when T is 72, then the value of c is ? [4]
2 E
Differential Equation
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
SECTION-A
dy y + 1 dy dx
1. (A) Given =
dx x − 1
, ∫ y + 1 = ∫ x − 1 ⇒ log(y + 1) = log(x – 1) + c
x ≠ 1 & y ≠ –1
Here there is no function for y(1) = 2
dy
2. (B) + (– tan x)y = 2 sin x
dx
It is linear differential equation of form dy + Py = Q
dx
where P = – tan x and Q = 2 sin x
Therefore I.F. = e ∫ P dx = e ∫ –tanx dx = eln cos x = cosx
Hence, the solution of the given differential equation is
y (I.F.) = ∫ Q. (I.F.) dx + C
⇒ y cos x = 2 ∫ sin x cos x dx + C
or y cos x = ∫ sin 2x dx + C
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
cos 2x
∴ y cos x = − +C
2
dy
3. (C) Given (1 − x 2 ) − xy =
1
dx
dy x 1
− y=
dx 1 − x 2
1 − x2
dy
This is linear differential equation of form + Py =
Q
dx
−x 1
Where P = ,Q =
1− x 2
1 − x2
−x
∫
I.F. = e ∫ = e 1−x
1
Pdx dx log(1− x 2 )
= 1 − x2
2
= e2
4. (A) Differential equation is in form of dy + Py = Q
dx
Where P = –1 & Q = logx
x x
1
∴ I.F. = e ∫
P dx ∫ - x dx e=
= e= − log x 1
x
E 1
Mathematics
Its solution is y.(I.F.) = ∫ Q(I.F.) dx + C
y
=∫
log x 1 y 1
⇒
x x
=
· dx
x
+C ⇒
x ∫ log x. x 2
dx + C
I II
y log x(x –1 ) 1 x –1
∴
x
=
(–1)
– ∫ x (–1) dx + C [Integration by parts]
y –log x 1
or = – + C . ⇒ y = – log x – 1 + Cx
x x x
d2y
2
d2y dy
5. Given differential equation is : + 3 =
x 2
log 2
dx 2 dx dx
⇒ Order = 2 and degree is not defined since the given equation is not a polynomial in derivatives
dy dy 1
6. x + (1 + x cot x) y =x ⇒ + y + cot x =
1
dx dx x
dy
Comparing it with + Py =
Q ; we get :
dx
1
=
P + cot x and Q = 1
x
1
∫ x +cot x dx
= e∫
Pdx
⇒ =
I.F. e= e(log x +logsin x )
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
or I.F. = elog(xsinx) = xsinx [1]
SECTION-B
7. Given, cos x sin y dx + sin x cosy dy = 0
cot y dy = –cot x dx
Integrating both side ∫ cot y dy = − ∫ cot x dx
log sin y = –log sin x + log C ⇒ sin x sin y = C
dy 3e 2x + 3e 4x
8. Given differential equation is = x −x
dx e +e
dy 3e (1 + e )
2x 2x
dy
⇒ = −x ⇒ = 3e3x [1]
dx e (1 + e )
2x
dx
e3x
⇒ ∫ ⋅ ∫
= =⇒ +C ⇒ y = e + C
3x 3x
1 dy 3e dx y 3 [1]
3
2 E
Differential Equation
dy
9. Given that, log = ax + by
dx
dy ax + by dy
⇒ = e= eax .e by ⇒ by = eax dx [1]
dx e
On integrating both sides; we get :
e – by eax
⇒ ∫e dy = ∫ e dx ⇒ = + c1
– by ax
−b a
b
⇒ e–by = – eax + C where C = – bc1 [1]
a
SECTION-C
dy
10. Given, − 3y =
sin 2x
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q , we get :
dx
P = – 3, Q = sin 2x
I.F. = e ∫ = e −3x
−3 dx
The general solution is : y.e3x = ∫ sin 2x e
−3x
dx
I II
Let y·e–3x = I …..(1)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
∴ I = ∫e −3x
sin 2x
II I
e −3x e −3x
−3 ∫
⇒ I=
sin 2x − 2cos 2x dx + C1
−3
1 2
⇒ − e −3x sin 2x + ∫ e −3x cos 2x dx + C1
I=
3 3 II I
1 2 e −3x e −3x
⇒ I= − e −3x sin 2x + cos 2x − ∫ (−2sin 2x) dx + C1 + C2
3 3 −3 −3
1 2 4
⇒ I= − e −3x sin 2x − cos 2xe −3x − I + C′ [where, C' = C1 + C2]
3 9 9
4 1 2
⇒ I + = e −3x − sin 2x − cos 2x + C′
9 3 9
13 1 2
⇒ e −3x − sin 2x − cos 2x + C′
I=
9 3 9
9 −3x 1 2 9C
⇒ I= e − sin 2x − cos 2x + C where C = 13
13 3 9
E 3
Mathematics
3 −3x 2 3 −3x (−3sin2x − 2cos 2x)
⇒ I= e − sin =
2x − cos 2x + C ⇒ Ι e +C
13 3 13 3
e −3x
⇒ Ι = (−3sin2x − 2cos 2x) + C
13
e −3x
⇒ I= − (2cos x + 3sin2x) + C
13
On substituting the value of I in Eq.(1), we get :
e −3x
y.e −3x = − (2cos 2x + 3sin 2x) + C
13
1
⇒ y= − (2cos 2x + 3sin 2x) + Ce3x
13
11. Given that edy/dx = x2
Taking log on both sides; we get :
⇒ log edy/dx = logx2
dy
⇒ = 2log x ⇒ dy = 2logxdx [1]
dx
On integrating both sides; we have :
⇒ ∫1.dy = 2∫1.log x dx
1
⇒
= y 2 log x ∫ 1.dx − ∫ .∫ 1 dx dx [1]
x
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
⇒
= y 2x log x – 2x + c [1]
dy dy y
12. Given differential equation is x − y = x 2 ⋅ ex ⇒ − =x ⋅ ex
dx dx x
dy
This is linear differential equation of the form + Py =
Q
dx
1
where P = − and Q = x⋅ex
x
1
I.F. = e ∫ x = e − log x =
− dx 1
∴ [1]
x
1 x 1
Hence, the general solution is given by y = ∫ x ⋅ e dx
x x
y y
⇒ = ∫ e x dx ⇒ = e x + c [1]
x x
Substituting x = 1 and y = 0, we get: 0 = e1 + c ⇒ c = – e
y
∴ Required particular solution is = e x − e . [1]
x
4 E
Differential Equation
SECTION-D
dy x 3 − 3xy 2
13. We are given that, (x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy ⇒ =
dx y3 − 3x 2 y
Clearly, the given equation is a homogeneous equation.
dy dv
Putting y = vx and = v+x in it, we get,
dx dx
dv x 3 − 3v 2 x 3 dv 1 − 3v 2
v+x = ⇒ v + x =
dx v3 x 3 − 3vx 3 dx v3 − 3v
dv 1 − 3v 2 1 − v4 v3 − 3v dx
⇒ x= 3 =
−v ⇒ dv =
dx v − 3v v − 3v
3
1− v 4
x
On integrating both sides
v3 − 3v dx v3 v dx
⇒ ∫ 1 − v4 dv = ∫x ⇒ ∫ 1 − v4 dv − 3∫ 1 − v4 dv =
∫x
1 −4v3 3 2v dx
⇒ − ∫
4 1− v 4
dv − ∫
2 1 − (v )
2 2 ∫
dv =
x
1 −4v3 3 dt dx
⇒ − ∫
4 1− v 4
dv − ∫
2 1− t 2 ∫
=
x
, Where v2 = t ⇒ 2vdv = dt
1 3 1 1+ t
⇒ − log |1 − v 4 | − × log | =| log | x | + log C
4 2 2 ×1 1− t
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
1 3 1 + v2 1 + v2
⇒ ⇒ 4
− log |1 − v 4 | − log | | =
log | Cx | –log| (1 – v )| – 3 log | | = 4 log | Cx |
4 4 1 − v2 1 − v2
−3 3
4 −1 1 + v2 1 1 − v2
⇒ log | (1 − v ) 2
| =
log | (Cx) 4
| ⇒ × 2
=
(Cx) 4
1− v 1− v 1+ v
4
⇒ (1 – v2)2 = (1 + v2)4 (Cx)4 ⇒ 1 – v2 = (1 + v2)2 (Cx)2 ⇒ 1 – y2/x2 = (1 + y2/x2)2 C2 x2
⇒ x2 – y2 = (x2 + y2)2 C2, which is the required solution.
14. The given differential equation is e x tan ydx + ( 2 − e x ) sec 2 ydy =
0
sec 2 y −e x
∴ (2 – ex) sec2ydy = –extan y dx ⇒ dy = dx [1]
tan y 2 − ex
sec 2 y −e x
Integrating both sides, we get : ∫ tan y ∫ 2 − ex dx
dy =
⇒ log ( tan y )= log ( 2 − e x ) + log C ⇒ log ( tan y ) =log [ C ( 2 − e x )] ⇒ tan
= y C ( 2 − ex )
π
y= when x = 0 ⇒ C = 1
4
So, Req. particular solution is tan y = 2 – ex [1]
E 5
Mathematics
dy
15. The given differential equation is + 2y tan x =
sin x
dx
dy
This is a linear equation of the form + Py =
Q;
dx
=
where P 2=
tan x and Q sin x
e∫ ∫ 2 tan xdx e=
Pdx
Now, I.F. == e= 2log|sec x|
e=
log|sec2 x|
sec 2 x. [1]
The general solution of the given differential equation is;
y ( I.F.) =∫ ( Q × I.F.) dx + C
⇒
= y ( sec 2 x ) ∫ ( sin x.sec
2
x ) dx + C [1]
⇒
= y sec 2 x ∫ ( sec x.tan x ) dx + C
⇒ y sec=
2
x sec x + C .....(1)
π
=
Now; y 0=
when x
3
π π
Therefore, 0 × sec 2 =sec + C
3 3
⇒ 0 = 2 + C ⇒ C = –2 [1]
Substituting C = –2 in equation (1), we get :
ysec2x = sec x – 2 ⇒ y = cos x – 2cos2x
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_9 Differential Equations_Paper.docx
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is y = cos x – 2cos2x [1]
SECTION-E
dT
16. (i) Given; = k ( T − 70 )
dt
dT
⇒ = kdt
T − 70
dT
or ∫ T − 70 =∫ kdt
⇒ log |T– 70| = kt + C
(ii) We have; [log |T–70| = kt + C]
When T = 72 and t = 0,
⇒ log |72 – 70| = C
or C = log 2
6 E
Vector Algebra
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : VECTOR ALGEBRA
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. Show below is regular hexagon whose two vertices are joined by a vector. [1]
Which of these statement(s) is/are true ?
(i) a and d are equal vectors.
(ii) b and e are collinear vectors.
(iii) c,d and g are coinitial vectors.
(A) only (ii) (B) only (iii) (C) only (i) and ii) (D) all (i), (ii) and (iii)
2. The position vectors of the vertices P, Q and R of ∆PQR are −ˆi + 2ˆj + 4kˆ , 3iˆ + 6ˆj + 8kˆ and
4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ respectively. Which of the following is the vector that represents the median PS ? [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
7ˆ 9ˆ 9 ˆ 13 9 3 1 1 5 7
(A) i + j+ k (B) 2iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ (C) ˆi + ˆj + kˆ (D) − ˆi + ˆj + kˆ
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
3. What is the angle which the vector ( ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ ) makes with the z-axis? [1]
π π π 2π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 3 6 3
4. If a, b, c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then | a + b + c | = ? [1]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2
5. If | a | = 8 , | b | = 3 and | a × b | =
12 , then the value of | a · b | is [1]
(A) 6 3 (B) 8 3 (C) 10 3 (D) 12 3
6. If a and b are unit vectors inclined at an angle θ, then the value of a − b is [1]
θ θ
(A) 2sin (B) 2 sinθ (C) 2cos (D) 2 cosθ
2 2
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. If a = 4 and – 3 ≤ λ ≤ 2, then λa lies in : [2]
8. The area of a triangle formed by vertices O, A and B; where OA ˆi 2ˆj 3kˆ and
OB 3iˆ 2ˆj kˆ , is : [2]
9. If a, b and c are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors, find the value of a + 2b + 3c . [2]
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
10. If a × b = c × d and a × c = b × d , then show that (a – d) is parallel to (b − c) , it being given that
a ≠ d and b ≠ c . [3]
11. Let a =ˆi + 4ˆj + 2k
=
ˆ , b 3iˆ – 2ˆj + 7kˆ and
= c 2iˆ – ˆj + 4kˆ . Find a vector p which is perpendicular to
both a and b and p.c = 18 [3]
12. Show that the points A, B, C with position vectors 2iˆ − ˆj + k,
ˆ ˆi − 3ˆj − 5k̂ and 3iˆ − 4ˆj − 4kˆ
respectively are the vertices of a right angled triangle. Hence find the area of the triangle. [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. If=| a | 3,= | b | 5,= | c | 4 and a + b + c = 0, then find the value of (a.b + b.c + c.a). [5]
14. The scalar product of the vector a ˆi + ˆj + kˆ with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
b 2iˆ + 4jˆ – 5kˆ and c λˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ is equal to 1. Find the value of λ and hence find the unit
vector along b + c . [5]
15. Let a 4iˆ + 5jˆ kˆ , b ˆi 4ˆj + 5kˆ and c 3iˆ + ˆj kˆ . Find a vector d which is perpendicular to
both c and b and d.a 21 . [5]
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. A class XII student appearing for a competitive examination was asked to attempt the following
questions.
Let a, b and c be three non-zero vectors.
Based on the given information, answer the following questions.
(i) If a = ˆi − 2ˆj , b = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ ; then evaluate (2a + b). (a + b) × (a − 2b)
π
(ii) Let a, b and c be unit vectors such that a= .b a= .c 0 and angle between b and c is ;
6
then find a ? [4]
2 E
Vector Algebra
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : VECTOR ALGEBRA
SECTION-A
1. (A) only (ii) [1]
Equal vectors : Those vectors which have same direction and equal magnitude.
So, statement (i) is false, because a and d have opposite direction.
Collinear vectors : Those vectors which are lie along the same line or parallel lines.
So, statement (ii) is true.
Coinitial vectors : Those vectors which have same initial points.
So, statement (iii) is false, because c and d have same initial point but g has different initial
point.
9ˆ 3ˆ 1 ˆ
2. (C) i + j+ k [1]
2 2 2
Let the position of the vertices P, Q and R
P
are a =−ˆi + 2ˆj + 4kˆ ,
b = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj + 8kˆ and
c = 4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ respectively
∵ S is the mid-point of Q and R Q S R
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
b+c 7ˆ 7ˆ 9 ˆ
∴ Position vector of S is = i + j+ k
2 2 2 2
7 7 9 9 3 1
= ˆi + ˆj + kˆ − (−ˆi + 2ˆj + 4k)
Now, PS ˆ ⇒ PS = ˆi + ˆj + kˆ
2 2 2 2 2 2
3. (A) Let a = ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ
a (iˆ + ˆj + 2k)
ˆ
=
â =
|a| 12 + 12 + ( 2) 2
1 1 1 ˆ
⇒ â = ˆi + ˆj + k
2 2 2
1 1 1
So, The dc's of a are , ,
2 2 2
1 π
∴ cos γ = ⇒γ=
2 4
E 1
Mathematics
4. (C) Since a, b, c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then | = a| |= b | | c | = 1 and
a=· b b= ·c c=·a 0
2
∵ a+b+c = (a + b + c) ·(a + b + c) = a ·a + b · b + c · c + 2(a · b + b · c + c ·a)
= | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 + 2(0) = 1 + 1 +1 = 3
∴ | a + b + c | =3
5. (D) ∵ a=× b a b sin θ
a×b 12 1 π 5π
⇒ sin = θ = = ⇒ θ= ,
| a | | b | 8× 3 2 6 6
3
Now,= a ·b a b=
cos θ (8)(3) ± = ±12 3
2
∴ a · b = 12 3
6. (A) Given | a |= 1 , | b |= 1
| a − b |2 = (a − b)·(a − b) = | a |2 −2a ⋅ b + | b | 2 (∵ | a |2 = a ·a)
⇒ | a − b |2 = 1 − 2 | a || b| cos θ + 1 ⇒ | a − b |2 =2 − 2cos θ
θ θ
⇒ | a − b |2 = 2(1 − cos θ) ⇒ | a − b |2 =2 × 2sin 2 ⇒ | a − b |=
2sin
2 2
SECTION-B
7. | a | = 4 (given)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
Now, | λa | =λ | || a | ⇒ | λa | = 4 | λ | (∵ | a |= 4)
Also, −3 ≤ λ ≤ 2 (given)
For λ = –3, λa = 12 ; for λ = 0, | λa | =
0 ; for λ = 2, | λa | = 8
∴ | λa | ∈ [0,12]
8. OA =+ˆi 2 ˆj + 3k,
ˆ OB = −3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ (given)
1
Area of ∆OAB = OA × OB …..(1)
2
ˆi ˆj kˆ
Now, OA OB 1 2 3 8iˆ 10ˆj 4kˆ
3 2 1
⇒ OA × OB = 64 + 100 + 16= 180
1
So, area of ∆OAB = 180 3 5 sq.units [from (1)] [1]
2
2 E
Vector Algebra
9. Since a, b, c are unit vectors, we have :
| a | = | b=| | c=| 1 …..(1) [½]
Since a, b, c are mutually perpendicular vectors, we have :
a.b = b.c = c.a = 0 ….(2) [½]
Now, | a + 2b + 3c | 2 = (a + 2b + 3c).(a + 2b + 3c) (∵ | a | 2 = a .a )
= a .a + 4(b.b) + 9(c.c) + 4a .b + 6a .c + 12b.c (∵ a .b = b.a ) [½]
= | a |2 +4 | b |2 + 9 | c |2 + 0 [using (2)]
=1 + 4 + 9 =14 [using (1)]
2
⇒ | a + 2b + 3c | =
14 ⇒ | a + 2b + 3c |= 14 [½]
SECTION-C
10. Given a × b = c × d …..(1)
and a ×c = b×d …..(2)
Subtract eq. (2) from eq.(1)
a ×b − a ×c = c×d − b×d
⇒ a × (b − c) = (c − b) × d
⇒ a × (b − c) + (b − c) × d = 0
⇒ a × (b − c) − d × (b − c) = 0
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
⇒ (a − d) × (b − c) = 0 ⇒ (a − d) || (b − c)
11. Given a =ˆi + 4ˆj + 2kˆ , b = 3iˆ − 2ˆj + 7kˆ , c = 2iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ and p.c = 18
The vector which is perpendicular to both a and b must be parallel to a × b
ˆi ˆj kˆ
a×b = 1 4 2 = î (28 + 4) – ĵ (7 – 6) + k̂ (–2 – 12) = 32 ˆi − ˆj − 14 kˆ
3 −2 7
since p is ⊥ to both a and b
i.e., p || (a × b)
Let p=λ(a × b) = λ (32 ˆi − ˆj − 14 k)
ˆ
p.c = 18 ⇒ λ (32iˆ − ˆj −14k).(2i
ˆ ˆ − ˆj + 4k)
ˆ = 18
then 2 (32λ) + (–1) (–λ) + 4 (– 14 λ) = 18
If 64 λ + λ – 56 λ = 18
9 λ = 18
⇒ λ=2
=p 2(32 ˆi − ˆj − 14 kˆ )
E 3
Mathematics
12. Given position vectors of points A, B, C are 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ , ˆi − 3jˆ − 5kˆ , 3iˆ − 4ˆj − 4kˆ respectively.
AB= OB – OA = –iˆ − 2ˆj – 6k̂
⇒ | AB = | (–1) 2 + (−2) 2 + (–6)
= 2
41
BC = OC – OB = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
⇒ | BC = | (2) 2 + (−1) 2 + (1)
= 2
6
CA = OA – OC = –iˆ + 3jˆ + 5k̂
⇒ | CA | = (−1) 2 + (3) 2 + (5) 2 = 35
∵ AB + BC + CA = 0
So, A, B, C are vertices of a triangle.
Also, |=
AB |2 | BC |2 + | CA |2
Hence A, B, C are vertices of a right-angled triangle.
ˆi ˆj kˆ
⇒ AB × AC = −1 =−2 −6 (–8iˆ –11 ĵ + 5k)
ˆ
1 –3 –5
1 1
∴ Area of ∆ABC = AB= × AC | –8iˆ –11jˆ + 5kˆ |
2 2
1 210
= 64 + 121 + 25 = sq. units.
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
2 2
SECTION-D
13. Given that | a | = 3,= | b | 5,= |c| 4 & a+b+c = 0
⇒ | a + b + c | 2= (a + b + c).(a + b + c) = 0 [∵ | a | 2 = a.a] [1]
⇒ | a | 2 + a.b + a.c + b.a + | b | 2 + b.c + c.a + c.b+ | c |2 = 0 [1]
⇒ 9 + 25 + 16 + 2 (a.b + b.c + c.a) = 0 [∵ a · b = b ·a ]
⇒ a.b + b.c + c.a = –25 [1]
14. a ˆi + ˆj + kˆ , b 2iˆ + 4jˆ – 5kˆ and c λˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ
⇒ b + c ˆi(2 + λ) + 6ˆj 2kˆ d (let) [½]
ˆi(2 + λ) + 6ˆj 2kˆ
Unit vector along d = ±
(2 + λ) 2 + 62 + (2) 2
4 E
Vector Algebra
ˆ ˆ
ˆ i(2 + λ) + 6 j 2k 1
ˆ
⇒ (iˆ + ˆj + k). (∵ a . d = 1 ) [1]
(2 + λ) 2 + 62 + (2) 2
⇒ (2 + λ) + 6 2 (2 + λ) 2 + 36 + 4 ⇒ 6 + λ = 4 + 4λ + λ 2 + 40
⇒ 36 + λ2 + 12λ = 44 + 4λ + λ2 or 8λ = 8 ⇒ λ = 1 [1½]
∴
Unit vector along b + c
ˆi(2 + λ) + 6ˆj 2kˆ 3iˆ + 6ˆj 2kˆ 3iˆ + 6ˆj 2kˆ
=± =± =± [∵ λ = 1] [1]
(2 + λ) 2 + 62 + (–2) 2 9 + 36 + 4 7
15. Given; a 4iˆ + 5jˆ kˆ , b ˆi 4ˆj + 5kˆ , c 3iˆ + ˆj k and d.a 21 .
ˆi ˆj kˆ
⇒ c b 3 1 1 ˆi(5 4) ˆj(15 +1) + k( ˆ 12 1)
1 4 5
or c b i 16ˆj 13kˆ [1]
Now, d is ⊥ to both c and b (given)
i.e. d (c b) or d λ c b
⇒ d = λ (i16j 13k) = (λi − 16λj − 13λ k)
.....(1) [1]
Now, d.a = 21
⇒ (λi − 16λj − 13λ k)
. (4i + 5j − k)
= 21 [from (1)]
or 4λ – 80λ + 13λ = 21
21 1
⇒ –63λ = 21 or λ = = − [1]
−63 3
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
Put this value of λ in equation (1), we get :
1
⇒ d (i16j 13k)
3
1 16 13
⇒ d i + j + k [1]
3 3 3
SECTION-E
16. (i) a = ˆi − 2ˆj & b = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ
Here, 2a + b = 4iˆ − 3jˆ + 3kˆ
a + b = 3iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ ⇒ a − 2b = −3iˆ − 4ˆj − 6kˆ
ˆi ˆj kˆ
Now, (a + b) × (a − 2b)= 3 −1 3 = 18iˆ + 9ˆj − 15kˆ
−3 −4 −6
∴ (2a + b) ·[(a + b) × (a − 2b)] = (4iˆ − 3jˆ + 3k) ·(18iˆ + 9ˆj − 15k)
ˆ = 72 – 27 – 45 = 0
E 5
Mathematics
(ii) Given | a=| | b=| | c=| 1
a ⋅b = a ⋅c = 0
angle between b & c = π / 6
π 1
Here, b × c = | b || c | sin nˆ = n̂ …..(1)
6 2
1
⇒ b× c = …..(2)
2
Since, a is perpendicular to plane of b and c both
So, a || (b × c) i.e. a = λ(b × c) …..(3)
1
⇒ a =λ b × c = λ [Using (2)]
2
⇒ |λ| = 2 (∵ | a | = 1)
⇒ λ = ±2
1
From eq.(3), a= ±2 nˆ =± nˆ [Using (1)]
2
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_10 Vector Algebra.docx
6 E
Three Dimensional Geometry
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. Distance of the point (α, β, γ) from y-axis is : [1]
(A) β (B) |β| (C) |β| + |γ| (D) α2 + γ 2
2. If the direction cosines of a line are k, k and k, then [1]
1 1
(A) k > 0 (B) 0 < k < 1 (C) k = 1 (D) k = or −
3 3
3. The vector equation of the line through the points (3, 4, –7) and (1, –1, 6) is [1]
(A) r= 3iˆ + 4ˆj − 7kˆ + λ(−2iˆ − 5jˆ + 13k)
ˆ (B) r= 3iˆ + 4ˆj + 7kˆ + λ(−2iˆ − 5jˆ + 13k)
ˆ
ˆ ˆ
=
(C) r 3i – 4 j − 7kˆ + λ(−2iˆ + 5jˆ + 13k)
ˆ (D) r =
−3iˆ + 4ˆj − 7kˆ + λ(2iˆ − 5jˆ + 13k)
ˆ
4. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 5, 7) on the x-axis are
given by. [1]
(A) (0, 5, 7) (B) (0, 5, 0) (C) (2, 0, 0) (D) (0, 0, 7)
5. The position vector of a point A in space such a OA is inclined at 60° to OX and at 45° to OY
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
and | OA | = 10 units. [1]
(A) 5iˆ − 5 2ˆj + 5kˆ (B) 5iˆ + 5 2ˆj + 5kˆ (C) 5iˆ + 5 2ˆj + 5kˆ (D) 5iˆ − 2ˆj + 5kˆ
6. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, –3, 4) on the y-axis is?
[1]
(A) (2, 3, 4) (B) (–2, –3, –4) (C) (0, –3, 0) (D) (2, 0, 4)
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to the three coordinate axes. [2]
8. Prove that the line x = py + q, z = ry + s and = z r′y + s′ are perpendicular, if
x p′y + q′ , =
pp′ + rr′ + 1 =0 [2]
9. Find the direction ratio and direction cosines of a line parallel to the line whose equations are
6x – 12 = 3y + 9 = 2z – 2. [2]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x − 4 y −1
10. Show that the lines = = and = = z intersect each other. Find their
2 3 4 5 2
point of intersection. [3]
11. Find the vector and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
x −1 y−2 z−3 x y z
perpendicular to the lines = = and = = . [3]
1 2 3 −3 2 5
1− x y – 3 z x − 4 2y – 2
12. Show that the lines = = and = = z – 1 are coplanar. [3]
2 4 –1 3 −4
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
13. An insect is crawling along the line r= 6iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ + λ(iˆ − 2ˆj + 2k)
ˆ and another insect is crawling
along the line r = −4iˆ – kˆ + µ(3iˆ − 2ˆj − 2k)
ˆ . At what points on the lines should they reach so that
the distance between them is the shortest? Find the shortest possible distance between them. [5]
14. Find the length and the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, –1, 5) to the line
x − 11 y + 2 z + 8
= = . [5]
10 −4 −11
15. Find the shortest distance between the following lines : [5]
x +1 y +1 z +1 x −3 y−5 z −7
= = and = =
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
7 −6 1 1 −2 1
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
16. Two motorcycles A and B are running at the speed more than allowed speed on the road along
ˆ and r= 3iˆ + 3ˆj + µ(2iˆ + ˆj + k)
the lines r =λ(iˆ + 2 ˆj − k) ˆ respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the shortest distance between the gives lines.
(ii) Find the point at which motorcycles will meet with an accident. [4]
2 E
Three Dimensional Geometry
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
SECTION-A
1. (D) Required distance = (α − 0) 2 + (β − β) 2 + ( γ − 0) 2 = α2 + γ 2
2. (D) Since, direction cosines of a line are k, k and k.
∴ = k, m = k and n = k
We know that, 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
1 1
⇒ k2 + k2 + k2 = 1 ⇒ k2 = ∴k=±
3 3
3. (A) We know that, vector equation of a line passes through two points is represented by
r = a + λ(b − a)
Here, a = 3iˆ + 4ˆj − 7kˆ and b = ˆi − ˆj + 6kˆ
⇒ (b − a) = −2iˆ − 5jˆ + 13kˆ
So, the required equation is r= 3iˆ + 4ˆj − 7kˆ + λ(−2iˆ − 5jˆ + 13k)
ˆ
4. (C) When we draw a perpendicular from point (x1, y1, z1) on x-axis then coordinates of foot
of ⊥ is (x1, 0, 0).
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
∴ Then coordinates of foot of ⊥ from (2, 5, 7) is (2, 0, 0).
5. (B) Since , OA is inclined at 60° to OX and at 45° to OY. Let OA makes angle α with OZ.
∴ cos2 60° + cos2 45° + cos2 α = 1
2 2
1 1
⇒ + + cos 2 α =1 [∵ l2 + m2 + n2 = 1]
2 2
1 1 1 1
⇒ + + cos 2 α =1 ⇒ cos 2 α = 1 − −
4 2 2 4
6 1
⇒ cos 2 α = 1 − ⇒ cos 2 α =
8 4
1
⇒ cos α= = cos 60° ⇒ α = 60°
2
1 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
∴ = | OA | ˆi +
OA j + k = 10 ˆi + j+ k ∵ | OA | = 10
2 2 2 2 2 2
OA =+ 5iˆ 5 2ˆj + 5kˆ
6. (C) The coordinates of foot of perpendicular on y-axis from the point (2, –3, 4) is (0, –3, 0) [1]
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
7. 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
given = m = n
1
3n2 = 1 ⇒ n = ±
3
1 1 1 −1 −1 −1
d.c's are , , and , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3
x−q
8. We have : x = py + q ⇒ y = …..(1)
p
z −s
and z = ry + s ⇒ y = …..(2)
r
x −q y z −s
⇒ = = [Using Eqs.(1) and (2)] …..(3)
p 1 r
x − q ′ y z − s′
Similarly, = = …..(4)
p′ 1 r′
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), direction ratios of lines are
=
a1 p,=
b1 1,=
c1 r
a 2 p′,=
and = c2 r′
b 2 1,=
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
If these given lines are perpendicular to each other, then
a1a 2 + b1 b 2 + c1c 2 =
0
⇒ pp′ + 1 + rr ′ =0
or pp′ + rr ′ + 1 =0
which is the required condition.
9. The equations of the line are 6x – 12 = 3y + 9 = 2z – 2, which, when written in standard
x − 2 y − (−3) z − 1
symmetric form, will be= =
1 1 1
6 3 2
a1 b1 c1
Since, lines are parallel, we have = =
a 2 b2 c 2
1 1 1
Hence, the required direction ratios are , , or(1, 2, 3)
6 3 2
1 2 3
and the required direction cosines are , ,
14 14 14
2 E
Three Dimensional Geometry
SECTION-C
10. The equation of the given lines are
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
= = = λ (say) …..(1)
2 3 4
x − 4 y −1 z − 0
= = = µ …..(2)
5 2 1
Any point on the line (i) is P(2λ + 1, 3λ + 2, 4λ + 3) and
Any point on the line (ii) is Q(5µ + 4, 2µ + 1, µ)
if the lines (i) and (ii) intersect then P and Q must coincide for some particular values of λ and µ.
This gives, 2λ + 1 = 5µ + 4, 3λ + 2 = 2µ+ 1 and 4λ + 3 = µ
2λ – 5µ = 3 …..(3)
⇒ 3λ – 2µ = –1 …..(4)
4λ – µ = –3 …..(5)
On solving (iii) and (iv), we get : λ = –1 and µ = –1
These values of λ and µ also satisfy (v)
Hence, the given lines intersect.
Putting λ = –1, we get P(–1, –1, –1)
Note that putting µ = –1, we get Q(–1, –1, –1)
Hence, the point of intersection of the given lines is (–1, –1, –1)
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
11. Let direction ratios of line L which passes through the point (2, 1, 3) are a1, a2, a3.
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x y z
Given lines are L1 ⇒ = = and L 2 ⇒ = =
1 2 3 −3 2 5
line L ⊥ L1
a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 = 0 .......(1)
and line L ⊥ L2
– 3a1+ 2a2 + 5a3 = 0 ......(2)
from equation (1) and (2)
a1 a2 a3 a1 a2 a3 a1 a 2 a 3
= = ⇒= = ⇒ = =
10 − 6 −9 − 5 2 + 6 4 −14 8 2 −7 4
x − 2 y −1 z − 3
So, Cartesian equation of required line is = =
2 −7 4
( )
r 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ + λ ( 2iˆ − 7ˆj + 4kˆ )
and vector equation of line is =
E 3
Mathematics
1− x y − 3 z x − 4 2y − 2
12. Given equation of lines are = = and = = z −1
2 4 −1 3 −4
x −1 y − 3 z − 0 x − 4 y −1 z −1
⇒ = = and = =
−2 4 −1 3 −2 1
In vector form, both the lines can be expressed as :
ˆ ˆ
( ) (
r= i + 3 j + λ −2iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ and = ) (
r 4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ + µ 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ) ( )
On comparing it with r= a1 + λb1 and r= a 2 + µb 2 ;
ˆ ˆ
a1 =+ i 3 j , b1 = −2iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ ,
a 2 = 4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b 2 = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ [1]
The given lines are coplanar if ( a 2 − a1 ) ⋅ b1 × b 2 =
0 ( )
Now; a 2 − a1 = ( 4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) − ( ˆi + 3ˆj) = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
ˆi ˆj kˆ
and b1 × b 2 =−2 4 −1 = ˆi ( 4 − 2 ) − ˆj ( −2 + 3 ) + kˆ ( 4 − 12 ) = 2iˆ − ˆj − 8kˆ [1]
3 −2 1
(
Now, ( a 2 − a1 ) ⋅ b1 × b 2 = ) ( 3iˆ − 2ˆj + kˆ ) ⋅ ( 2iˆ − ˆj − 8kˆ ) = 6 + 2 – 8 = 0
Hence, both the lines are coplanar. [1]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
SECTION-D
13. The given lines are non-parallel lines. There is a unique line-segment PQ (P lying on one and Q
on the other, which is at right angles to both the lines. PQ is the shortest distance between the
lines. Hence, the shortest possible distance between the insects = PQ
The position vector of P lying on the line r= 6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ + λ(iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2k)
ˆ
is (6 + λ)iˆ + (2 − 2λ)ˆj + (2 + 2λ)kˆ for some λ
The position vector of Q lying on the line
ˆ is (−4 + 3µ)iˆ + (–2µ)ˆj + (−1 − 2µ)kˆ for some µ
r = −4iˆ − kˆ + µ(3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2k)
PQ = (–10 + 3µ − λ)iˆ + (–2µ – 2 + 2λ)ˆj + (–3 – 2µ − 2λ)kˆ
Since, PQ is perpendicular to both the lines
(–10 + 3µ − λ) + (–2µ – 2 + 2λ)(–2) + (–3 – 2µ − 2λ)2 = 0 ,
i.e., µ – 3λ = 4 …..(1)
and (–10 + 3µ − λ)3 + (–2µ – 2 + 2λ)(–2) + (–3 – 2µ − 2λ)(−2) = 0
i.e., 17µ – 3λ = 20 ..…(2)
4 E
Three Dimensional Geometry
Solving (1) and (2) for λ and µ, we get µ = 1, λ = −1.
The position vector of the points, at which they should be so that the distance between them is
the shortest, are
5iˆ + 4 ˆj and −ˆi − 2 ˆj − 3kˆ
PQ = −6iˆ − 6 ˆj − 3kˆ
The shortest distance = PQ = 62 + 62 + 32 = 9
x −11 y + 2 z + 8
14. Given equation of line is = = = λ (say) .....(1)
10 −4 −11
Let N be the foot of perpendicular from the point P(2, –1, 5) to the line (1)
∴ Coordinates of N are (10λ + 11, –4λ – 2, –11λ – 8)
Direction ratios of PN are :
10λ + 11 – 2, –4λ – 2 + 1, –11λ – 8 – 5 or 10λ + 9, –4λ – 1, –11λ – 13
and direction ratios of line (1) are 10, –4, –11. Since PN ⊥ to line (1)
⇒ 10(10λ + 9) – 4(–4λ – 1) –11(–11λ – 13) = 0 [∵ a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0]
or 100λ + 90 + 16λ + 4 + 121λ + 143 = 0 ⇒ 237λ + 237 = 0 ⇒ λ = –1
Hence ; foot of perpendicular is N (1,2,3)
and PN = (2 −1) 2 + (–1 − 2) 2 + (5 − 3) 2 = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14 units
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
x +1 y +1 z +1
15. The given lines are = = ….(1)
7 −6 1
x −3 y −5 z−7
and = = ….(2)
1 −2 1
Line (1) passes through point (–1, –1, –1) with its dr's 7, –6, 1 and line (2) passes through point
(3, 5, 7) with its dr's 1, – 2, 1
So, vector equation of lines (i) and (ii) are :
( )
(
r1 = −ˆi − ˆj − kˆ + λ 7iˆ − 6ˆj + kˆ and r2 = 3iˆ + 5jˆ + 7kˆ + µ ˆi − 2ˆj + kˆ ) [½]
which are of the form :
r1 = a1 + λ b1 and r2 = a 2 + µ b 2
ˆ b = 7iˆ − 6ˆj + kˆ ,
Here; a1 = –iˆ − ˆj − k, 1
ˆ b = ˆi − 2ˆj + kˆ
a 2 = 3iˆ + 5jˆ + 7k, 2
⇒ a 2 – a1 = 4iˆ + 6ˆj + 8kˆ
E 5
Mathematics
ˆi ˆj kˆ
and b1 × b 2 = 7 −6 1 =−4iˆ − 6ˆj − 8kˆ [1]
1 −2 1
⇒ b1 × b 2 = (−4)2 + (−6)2 + (−8)2 = 2 29 [1]
∴ Shortest distance between given lines is :
S.D. =
( )
b1 × b 2 . ( a 2 − a1 )
=
( )(
−4iˆ − 6ˆj − 8kˆ . 4iˆ + 6ˆj + 8kˆ ) [2]
b1 × b 2 2 29
116 58
= = = 2 29 units [½]
2 29 29
SECTION-E
16. (i) Here, a1 = 0iˆ + 0 ˆj + 0kˆ , a= 2 3iˆ + 3ˆj ,
b1 =ˆi + 2 ˆj − kˆ , b 2 = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
∴ a 2 − a1 = 3iˆ + 3ˆj
ˆi ˆj kˆ
and b1 × b 2 = 1 2 −1 = 3iˆ − 3ˆj − 3kˆ
2 1 1
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_11 Three Dimensional Geometry.docx
Now (a 2 − a1 ) ·(b1 × b 2 ) = (3iˆ + 3ˆj) ·(3iˆ − 3ˆj − 3k)
ˆ =9–9=0
Hence, distance between the lines is 0.
x−0 y−0 z−0 x −3 y −3 z −0
(ii) Cartesian form = = = λ and = = = µ
1 2 −1 2 1 1
x =λ ……(1) , x = 2µ + 3 …..(4)
y = 2λ ……(2), y=µ+3 …..(5)
z =–λ ……(3), z=µ …..(6)
Solving the equation, we get :
µ = –1 and λ = 1
so, x = 1, y = 2, z = –1
Since the point (1, 2, –1) satisfy both the equations of lines, therefore point of intersection
of given lines is (1, 2, –1).
So, the motorcycles will meet with an accident at the point (1, 2, –1).
6 E
Linear Programming
TEST PAPER
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Time : 90 mins. Max. Marks : 40
SECTION-A
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. Region represented by the in equation system x + y ≤ 13, y ≤ 6, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 is [1]
(A) Unbounded in first quadrant (B) Unbounded in first and second quadrant
(C) Bounded in first quadrant (D) None of these
2. Consider the following LPP :
Maximize : Z = 12 x + 10 y
Subject to : 4x + 3y ≤ 480
2x + 3y ≤ 360
x, y ≥ 0
Value of Z will be maximum at [1]
(A) (120, 0) (B) (60, 80) (C) (100, 80) (D) (60, 100)
3. The graph of x ≤ 2 and y ≥ 2 will be situated in the [1]
(A) first and second quadrant (B) second and third quadrant
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
(C) first and third quadrant (D) third and fourth quadrant
4. Corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are (0, 3),
(1, 1) and (3, 0). Let Z = px + qy, where p, q > 0. Condition on p and q, so that the minimum of Z
occurs at (3, 0) and(l, 1) is [1]
q
(A) p = 2q (B) p = (C) p = 3q (D) p = q
2
5. A Linear programming problem is as follows : [1]
Minimize Z = 2x + y
subject to the constraints x ≥ 3, x ≤ 9, y ≥ 0, x – y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 14
The feasible region has :
(A) 5 corner points including (0, 0) and (9, 5) (B) 5 corner points including (7, 7) and (3, 3)
(C) 5 corner points including (14, 0) and (9, 0) (D) 5 corner points including (3, 6) and (9, 5)
6. The corner points of the feasible region determined by a set of constraints (linear inequalities) are
P(0, 5), Q(3, 5), R(5, 0) and S(4, 1) and the objective function is Z = ax + 2by; where a, b > 0.
The condition on 'a' and 'b' such that the maximum of Z occurs at Q and S is : [1]
(A) a – 5b = 0 (B) a – 3b = 0 (C) a – 2b = 0 (D) a – 8b = 0
E 1
Mathematics
SECTION-B
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
7. Solve the linear programming problem graphically
Maximize Z = 4x + 6y,
subject to constraints 3x + 2y ≤ 12,
x + y ≥ 4, x, y ≥ 0 [2]
SECTION-C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
8. Maximize Z = 6x + 4y,
subject to constraints x ≤ 2, x + y ≤ 3,
–2x + y ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 [3]
9. Maximize Z = 80 x + 120 y
subject to constraints 9x + 12y < 180,
x + 3y < 30 , x > 0 ; y > 0 [3]
SECTION-D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
10. Solve the following problem graphically :
Maximize Z = 3x + 9y
subject to the constraints : x + 3y ≤ 60,
x + y ≥ 10,
x ≤ y, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 [3]
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
SECTION-E
(CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS)
11. The feasible region for the LPP is shown below :
Y
50
40
30
C
20 B
10
A
X
O 10 20 30 40 50 l2
l1
Based on the above information, answer the following questions and show your work :
(i) Find the corner points of the feasible region shown in above graph are :
(ii) If Z = 6x + 3y be the objective function, find the maximum value of Z ? [3]
2 E
Linear Programming
SOLUTIONS
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : LINEAR PROGRAMMING
SECTION-A
1. (C)
(0,13)
y=6
(0,6)
X' X
O (13,0)
x+y=13
Y'
Hence, the represented region is bounded in the first quadrant.
2. (B) We have to maximize Z = 12x + 10y
Subject to
4x + 3y ≤ 480,
2x + 3y ≤ 360,
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
x, y ≥ 0
Corner–points Z=x+y Y
O (0, 0) 0
A (120, 0) 1440
B (60, 80) 1520
C (0, 120) 1200 (0,120)C B(60,80)
Hence ; value of Z is maximum at (60, 80)
X' X
(0,0)O (120,0)A
4x+3y=480 2x+3y=360
Y'
E 1
Mathematics
3. (A)
y=2
X' X
O
Y' x=2
Hence ; as per the graph ; the region lies in the first and second quadrant.
4. (B) Given ; Z = px + qy
Since the minimum value of Z occurs at (3, 0) and (1, 1) :
q
⇒ 3p = p + q or p =
2
5. (B) Given ; Z = 2x + y subject to the constraints ;
x ≥ 3, x ≤ 9, y ≥ 0, x – y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 14
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
18
15
(0,14)
12
9 D(7,7)
6 C(9,5)
(3,3)E
3
X' (9,0) 14,0) X
(0, 0) O A (3,0) B
3 6 9 12 15 18
y=x
Y' x=3 x=9 x+y=14
Hence ; the feasible region has 5 corner points including (7, 7) and (3, 3) [1]
6. (D) Given points are P(0, 5), Q(3, 5), R(5, 0), S(4, 1) and Z = ax + 2by
Since, maximum of Z occurs at Q and S;
⇒ 3a + 10b = 4a + 2b
⇒ 8b = a ⇒ a – 8b = 0
2 E
Linear Programming
SECTION-B
7. Maximize Z = 4x + 6y
subject to constraints
3x + 2y ≤ 12
x+y≥4
x, y ≥ 0
Corner points of feasible region are Y
A(4,0), B(0,4) and C(0,6)
C (0,6)
Corner points Z = 4x+ 6y
A (4, 0) 16 (0,4)B
B(0, 4) 24
C(0, 6) 36
A
X' X
O (4,0)
x+y=4
Hence, the maximum value of Z is 36 at (0, 6)
3x+2y=12
Y'
SECTION-C
8. Maximize Z = 6x + 4y
subject to constraints x ≤ 2, x +y ≤ 3,
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
–2x + y ≤ 1,
x, y ≥ 0
Corner points of feasible region are
Y
A(2,0), B(2,1), C 2 , 7 , D (0, 1) and O (0,0) 6
3 3
5 (0,10) (2,5)
Corner Z = 6x+ 4y 4
points (3,0)
3
O (0, 0) ZO = 0
A(2, 0) ZA = 12 2 C
1 B(2,1)
B (2, 1) ZB = (6 × 2) + (4 × 1) = 16
(3,0)
X' X
O (0, 0) A (2,0)
C 2 , 7 2 7 40 4 5 6
ZC = 6 × + 4 × =
3 3 3 3 3
D (0, 1) ZD = 4 Y' x=2 x+y=2
Hence, Maximum value of Z is 16 at (2, 1)
E 3
Mathematics
9. Maximize Z = 80 x + 120 y
subject to constraints 9x + 12y < 180
x + 3y < 30 , x > 0 ; y > 0
Corner points of feasible region are Y
A(20,0), B(12,6), C(0,10) and O (0,0)
25
20
Corner Points Z = 80x+120y
15
O (0,0) 0
A(20,0) 1600 10
(10,0)C B(12, 6)
B(12,6) 1680 5
C(0,10) 1200 X' X
(0, 0)O 5 10 15 20 25 30
Hence, maximum value of Z is 1680 at
(12, 6). Y'
SECTION-D
10. First of all, let us graph the feasible region of the system of linear inequalities given above. The
feasible region ABCD is shown in the Figure. Note that the region is bounded. The coordinates
of the corner points A, B, C and D are (0, 10), (5, 5), (15, 15) and (0, 20) respectively.
Y
25
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
D(0,20)
20
15 C(15,15)
10
5 B(5,5)
(10,0) (60,0) [2]
X' X
(0, 0) O 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
5
x+3y=60
x+y=10
Y'
Corner points Z = 3x + 9y
A (0, 10) 90
B (5, 5) 60
[2]
C(15, 15) 180 (Maximum)
D(0,20) 180 (Maximum)
⇒ Maximum value of Z is 180, which occurs at every point of the line segment joining the
points C and D. [1]
4 E
Linear Programming
SECTION-E
50 40
11. (i) Corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0), A (25,0), B , and C(0, 20)
3 3
(ii) Z = 6x + 3y
Corner points Z = 6x+ 3y
O (0, 0) 0
A(25, 0) 150 (max.)
B(50/3, 40/3) 140
C(0,20) 60
So; the maximum value of Z is 150 at (25, 0).
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\Board Material\Mathematics\Faculty Folder\Sunil Sharma Sir\Chapterwise Test paper\Mathematics_Chapterwise Test Paper_12 Linear Programming.docx
E 5
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