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IC Lecture 1

The document discusses the fundamentals of internal combustion engines. It provides a brief history of IC engines from their inception in the 1860s to key developments by Otto, Diesel, Benz, and Daimler. It then summarizes different ways IC engines can be classified, including by application, cylinder arrangement, number of strokes, valve/port design, fuel type, air-fuel mixture preparation, and ignition type. The document serves as an introductory overview of IC engines.

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SENANAYAKE S.H.R
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67 views9 pages

IC Lecture 1

The document discusses the fundamentals of internal combustion engines. It provides a brief history of IC engines from their inception in the 1860s to key developments by Otto, Diesel, Benz, and Daimler. It then summarizes different ways IC engines can be classified, including by application, cylinder arrangement, number of strokes, valve/port design, fuel type, air-fuel mixture preparation, and ignition type. The document serves as an introductory overview of IC engines.

Uploaded by

SENANAYAKE S.H.R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME202: Mechanical Engineering for Civil Engineers

Fundamentals of Internal Combustion(IC)


Engines

Lecturer: Mr. Devinda Wijerathne

Created by: Dr. Primal Fernando

1
1
More tables given in the course book

• The internal combustion engine is a heat engine. Heat engines


are cyclic devices and that the working fluid of a heat engine
returns to its initial state at the end of each cycle.
• Work is done by working fluid during one part of the cycle and
on the working fluid during another part. (Deference between
these two equal to network delivered by the heat engine).
• Internal combustion engines convert chemical energy of the fuel
to mechanical energy.
• Since Otto (1876) and Diesel (1892) developed sparked ignition
engine and compression ignition engine respectively, these
engines have continued to develop. Last few decades the
developments were very rapid.

2
History of IC engines
• The first internal combustion engine came to practical reality in 1860s (Lenoir
engine), efficiency of 5%, 80 rpm and up to size of 6 hp, some 5000 units were
built during 1860 to 1865 period,
• In 1867, German inventors Nicolaus A. Otto (1832-1891) and Eugen Langen
(1833-1895) introduced a more successful engine of up to 11% efficiency and
produced around 5000 units at the time,
• In 1876 Nikolaus A. Otto patented more successful four cycle engine, it used
gaseous fuel with efficiency up to14%. Up to 1890, about 50,000 units were sold
in Europe and USA.
• In 1882 Gottlieb Daimler a German engineer for Daimler, left to work on his own
engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was the first engine to be produced in
quantities. Used liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was named
“Mercedes” after the daughter of his major distributor.
• The riding car, the world's first internal combustion motorcycle (1885).
• In addition to four stroke engine, two-stroke engine was invented by Sir Dugald
Clark in 1881 (Clerk cycle).

3
History of IC engines
• German inventor Karl Benz (1844-1929) is generally regarded as the inventor of
gasoline powered auto-mobile. Karl Benz and Bertha Benz pioneering founder
of the automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz.
• In 1893 one more German engineer Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) built a successful
compression ignition engine which was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of
any other engine of its time).

Benz patent motorwagen, 1885. Rudolf's Diesel Engine

4
IC Engine classification
• Classified according to their application, as automobile engine, truck
engine locomotive engine, aircraft engine or power generation engine etc,
• classified according to basic engine design, as inline, V-type, horizontally
opposed, radial and opposed piston according to the piston arrangement.

5
Cylinder Configurations

Straight Configuration V Configuration


Displacement refers to the
volume inside each piston
chamber. For example: a
3.0 Liter engine with 6
cylinders will have 0.5
Flat liters per cylinder.
Configuration

6
IC Engine classification – number of strokes
• It can be classified according to number of strokes (piston moving back
and forth) during a complete operation cycle. There are two major
categories, four stroke and two stroke engines.

7
IC Engine classification – according to valve or port design
location
• Overhead vale (I-head), under head valve (L-head), rotary valves, cross-
scavenged porting (inlet exhaust opposite side), loop scavenged porting
(inlet exhaust same side) etc.

8
IC Engine classification – further
• The fuel type: gasoline (or petrol), diesel, natural gas, ethanol,
hydrogen, dual fuel.
• Air-fuel mixture preparation: carburetion and fuel injection
• Ignition: Spark ignition , compression ignition

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