Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY –CETD

4A’s Lesson Plan Format

I. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
 Illustrate dependent and independent events;
 solve for the probability of dependent and independent
events; and
 show cooperation in doing group activities.
II. SUBJECT MATTER Topic: Probability of an Event
III. REFERENCES 1. LESSON PLAN IN Probability of Simple Events. (n.d.).
Scribd.https://www.scribd.com/document/451023483/LE
SSON-PLAN-IN-Probability-of-Simple-Events
2. Rosellnica-Balasoto. (2022). Semi-detailed Lesson Plan on
Mathematics: Probability. dokumen.tips.
https://dokumen.tips/documents/semi-detailed-lesson-
plan-on-mathematics-probability.html?page=1
IV. PROCEDURE
4.1 Preparatory 1. Prayer
Activities 2. Greetings
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Energizer
5. Recall
4.2 Motivation Activity: Treasure Hunt
Materials: Points Mystery Box
Procedure:
1. The teacher will present the general instructions about
the activity.
2. The teacher will now conduct the activity, “Treasure
Hunt”
3. The teacher will present the right answers every after
the given questions.
4. The teacher will record the points the student garnered
from the activity.
4.3 Lesson Proper
a. Activity “Bato-Bato Pick Game”
The students will find a pair to play rock-paper-scissors game
with. The students will have three (3) rounds to play and will
write W if they win and L if they lose on a piece of paper.
b. Analysis 1. How did you find the activity?
2. How many times did you lose or win the game?
3. Compare your results with your other classmates, what have
you observed?
c. Abstraction Probability of an Event (E)
Probability measures the likelihood or chance that an event will
occur.
Formula to find the probability of an event:
number of favorable outcomes
P ( E )=
total number of possible outcomes
Example 1: When tossing a coin two times, what is the
probability of at least getting a tail?
Solution:
Favorable outcomes = 3 (HT, TH, TT)
Total number of outcomes = 4 (HH, HT, TH, TT)
3
P ( E )= ∨0.75
4

Example 2: If you throw a die, what is the probability that you’ll

get an even number?
Solution:
Favorable outcomes = 3 (2,4,6)
Total number of outcomes = 6 (1,2,3,4,5,6)
3 1
P ( E )= = ∨0.50
6 2

Example 3: What is the probability of getting a Queen in a

standard deck of cards?
Solution:
Favorable outcomes = 4 (QH,QS,QC,QD)
Total number of outcomes = 52
4 1
P ( E )= = ∨0.08
52 13

Example 4: What is the probability of getting a black card in a

standard deck of cards?
Solution:
Favorable outcomes = 26
Total number of outcomes = 52
26 1
P ( E )= = ∨0.50
52 2

Complementary Events
Two events are said to be complementary when one event
occurs if and only if the other does not. The probability of two
complementary events add up to 1.
Complementary events are two outcomes of an event that are
the only two possible outcomes.
P ( E ) + P ( E )=1

Examples:
Flipping a coin
P(Heads) = P(E) = ½ or 0.5
P(Tails) = P( E ) = ½ or 0.5
P(E) + P( E ) = 0.5 + 0.5
=1

Picking a card
P(Picking a red card) = P(E) = 26/52 = ½ or 0.5
P(Picking a black card) = P( E ) = 26/52 = ½ or
0.5
P(E) + P( E ) = 0.5 + 0.5
=1
 Rolling a die
P(Rolling a 2 or lower) = P(E) = 2/6
P(Rolling a 3 or higher) = P( E ) = 4/6
P(E) + P( E ) = 2/6 + 4/6
=1

Picking a card
P(Picking a Jack) = P(E) = 4/52 = 1/13
P(Not picking a Jack) = P( E ) = 48/52 = 12/13
P(E) + P( E ) = 1/13 + 12/13
=1

Properties of Probability
Property 1. Probabilities are always between 0 and 1.
0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
Property 2. The probability of the event and the complement
of an event is equal to 1.
P(E) + P( E ) = 1
Property 3. The probability of the event is equal to 1 minus the
probability of the complement of an event.
P(E) = 1 - P( E )
Property 4. The complement of an event is equal to 1 minus
the probability of the event
P( E ) = 1 – P(E)
Odds of an Event
The odds of an event is the ratio of the probability of an event
to the probability of its complement. It is the ratio of favorable
outcomes to unfavorable outcomes.
Examples:
1. The odds of getting a head when tossing a coin is 1:1.
2. The odds of drawing a ball that is 10 or lower from a
lottery with 100 balls is 10:90, which reduces to 1:9.
3. If we flip a coin two times, what are the odds for it
landing tails at least once?
Solution:
Favorable outcomes = 3 (HT, TH, TT)
Total number of outcomes = 1 (HH)
Therefore, the odds for it landing tails at least
once are 3 to 1, or 3:1.
d. Application A. Testing Knowledge and Understanding
Properties of Probability
1. If the probability of an event is 3/8, what is the probability of
its complement?
Solution:
P( E ) = 1 – P(E)
P( E ) = 1 – 3/8
P( E ) = 5/8
2. If the complement event is 7/20, what is the probability of the
event?
Solution:
P(E) = 1 - P( E )
 P(E) = 1 – 7/20
P(E) = 13/20
Odds of an Event
1. If the probability of an event happening is 3/7, what are
the odds for that event?
Solution:
Since the probability of the event is 3/7, the probability of its
complement is 4/7.
Therefore, the odds for that event is 2/7:5/7 or 2:5.

B. Practical Applications
Group Activity: Probability Maze
Solve and follow the arrows until you arrive at the finish line.

V. ASSESSMENT Answer the following questions on a ¼ sheet of paper. (Quiz)

A. From a standard deck of 52 cards, what is the probability of
1. picking a black card? – 26/52 or ½
2. picking a face card? – 4/52 or 1/13
3. not picking a face card? – 48/52 or 12/13
4. picking a red face card? – 2/52 or 1/26
B. In rolling a die, what is the probability of having
5. a number greater than 3? – 3/6 or ½
6. a prime number? – 3/6 or ½
7. a multiple of 2? – 3/6 or ½
8. a number between 1 and 5? - 3/6 or ½
C. Complementary Events
9. What is the complement event of rolling a 5 on a die? –
Rolling a 1,2,3,4, and 6
10. What is the complement event of getting rejected by your
crush after a confession? – Getting your feelings reciprocated
VI. ASSIGNMENT Research in advance about mutually and not mutually
exclusive events.

Prepared by: Princess Pauline A. Laiz Checked by: Rhumer S. Lañojan

Pre-Service Teacher Cooperating Teacher