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?kdf k|sfzs ;+:yf tyf n]vss} x'g\ . ;+;b ;xof]u kl/of]hgf÷o"Pgl8kL o; k|sfzgdf
pNn]lvt ljifoj:t' tyf ljrf/sf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ eGg] h?/L 5}g_

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution 4.0 International License.
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ljifo–;"rL
e'ldsf h
b'O{ zAb `

v08 !M v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L !

v'nf ;/sf/ cjwf/0ff @
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] k[i7e"ld $
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ^
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] l;4fGt &
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;+/rgf !)
:yfgLo ;/sf/;Fusf] kxn !%
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xeflutf !^
;b:o /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L !(
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf g]kfn @#
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L / lbuf] ljsf; nIo @^
;/sf/åf/f ul7t l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg @&
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L ljZj 3f]if0ffkq @(

v08 @M v'nf ;+;b #$

v'nf ;+;bsf] cjwf/0ff #^
;+;bLo v'nfkgsf k|d'v cfwf/x¿ $)
;+;bsf] gful/s lgu/fgL $#
g]kfndf ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] ;Gbe{ $%
;+;bLo v'nfkgsf cleofgx¿ $&
v'nfkgsf] nflu g}lts cfr/0fsf] lgod %&
kf/bzL{ cEof;df ldgL ;+;b\ %*
;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkq ^!
;|f]t ;Gbe{ &^
v
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

e'ldsf

nf] stGqnfO{ kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg zf;g k4ltsf] ;'wf/df ;/sf/ /

gful/saLr ;fem]bf/L ug]{ gofF cjwf/0ff :yflkt e}/x]sf] 5 . zf;g
;'wf/ k|lqmofdf cfd gful/snfO{ dfustf{ jf bafastf{sf ¿kdf dfq ;Lldt
g/fvL pgLx¿sf] ;lqmo / ;';"lrt ;xeflutf Pj+ l;h{gzLn of]hgfsf]
;fem]bf/sf ¿kdf u|x0f ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df g} of] cjwf/0ffn]
j}wtf kfpFb} uPsf] 5 . kf/bzL{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ hub]lv g} x'sf{P/ zf;g k|0ffnL;Fu
gful/snfO{ k|ToIf hf]8L ;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqnfO{ oyfy{df ¿kfGt/0f ug{
g} v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff ag]sf] xf] .

ljZjsf zf;g ;'wf/sf] cleofgdf lqmofzLn /fhg]tfx¿, ;/sf/sf clwsf/Lx¿,

gful/s ;dfhsf cleoGtfx¿ tyf kl5Nnf] ;"rgf k|ljlw qmflGtsf] pkhsf
¿kdf cfPsf k|ljlw1x¿ ;d]tsf] ;femf kxndf ;g\ @)!! df Pp6f gofF ljZj
d~rsf] pbo eof], h;nfO{ Open Government Partnership (OGP) cyf{t\ v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L elgG5 . of] ljZj d~rsf] :yfkgfkl5 v'nfkgsf] Ps PsLs[t
/ l;h{gzLn Kofs]hsf ¿kdf ;'wf/sf ljleGg cfofdx¿nfO{ ;d]6L ljZj
cleofg cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . o;} cleofgcGtu{t ljleGg ljifout If]qdf klg
v'nfkg lj:tf/ ug]{ kxnx¿ ;~rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . oLdWo] v'nf ;+;bsf]
cjwf/0ff klg Ps xf] .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ljZjsf &( b]zx¿sf ;/sf/ / xhf/f}+ gful/s ;dfh
;+:yfx¿ cfa4 e};s]sf 5g\ . t/ g]kfn o; ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o e};s]sf]
5}g . o; ljZj ;+:yfsf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} g]kfnn] o; ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o x'g
cfjZos Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf] 5 . tyflk g]kfn o; cleofgsf] Ps
;lqmo ;xefuL d'n's x'g cem} afFsL 5 . g]kfndf zf;gsf] kf/blz{tf / gful/s
;xeflutfsf] k|j4{gdf ;+nUg gful/s ;dfhsf ;+3;+:yf o; cleofg;Fu
hf]l8P/ ljleGg ljifout If]qdf jsfnt ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L -cf]lhkL_ k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g 3R3RofO /x]sf 5g\ .
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

gful/s;Fusf] ;xsfo{df /fd|f] zf;gsf] cj:yf l;h{gf ug]{ k|lta4tf ljZj

d~rdf k|bz{g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lxlRsrfpg' kg]{ vf; s'g} sf/0f 5}g .
g]kfnn] v'nf ;/sf/sf dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] 5 / s}of}+ ;kmn cEof; /
cg'ej klg 5g\ . t;y{ of] ljZj d~rdf g]kfn l5§} ;xefuL x'g' /fd|f] x'G5 .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L / ;f]xL cleofgsf] Ps csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf v'nf ;+;bsf]
dfGotfaf/] lh1f;'x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L xf];\ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ o; cleofgdf
cu|;/ x'g :ki6tf cfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] hfgsf/L k''l:tsf k|sfzgdf
NofOPsf] xf] . o;df ljifox¿sf] yf]/} dfq ;}4flGts kIf / w]/} h;f] pkof]uL
hfgsf/Lx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . of] k'l:tsf g]kfnsf ;ft} k|fb]lzs ljwflosL
;+:yf k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox¿ / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf ;f+;bx¿ tyf
gful/s ;dfhsf cleoGtfx¿ Pj+ k|]; hutsf cu'jf ;Dkfbs / ;+;bLo
dfldnfsf kqsf/x¿ ;d]tnfO{ o;af/]sf] 5nkmn rnfpg ;xof]uL ;fdfu|L x'g]
ljZjf; /fv]sf 5f}+ . o;}u/L v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf g]kfnsf] ;xeflutfsf
nflu klg o; s]xL xb;Dd lbzfaf]w ug]{ ljZjf; xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}+ .

o;sf] k|sfzg g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;+;b

;xof]u kl/of]hgfsf] ;xsfo{ / ;xof]udf ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o;sf nflu ;f]
kl/of]hgf;Fu ;Da4 ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf k|s6 ub{5f}+ . ;fy}
o; k'l:tsfsf] n]vg sfo{df ;xof]u ug'{x'g] lk|m8d kmf]/dsf gLlt ;Nnfxsf/
s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f ;lxt lk|m8d kmf]/dsf ;Dk"0f{ ;xsdL{x¿df cfef/ Pj+
wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

tf/fgfy bfxfn
;+:yfks cWoIf Pj+ sfo{sf/L k|d'v
lk|m8d kmf]/d
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

b'O{ zAb
v' nfkg, ;+jfb, ;xeflutf, ;'zf;g / ;fem]bf/L nf]stGqsf :yflkt dfGotf x'g\ .
log} dfGotfx? Jojxf/df k|rng x'g;s] nf]stflGqs k2lt / Joj:yf ;'b9[ x'g] xf] .
zf;g k|0ffnLdf kf/blz{tfsf] Jofks dxTj ;Lldt zAbdf ;d]6g\ sl7g 5, t/ o;sf]
cefjdf x'g] b'ik|efj tyf c;+ut kIfx?nfO{ ;xh} cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . zfob cg'ejaf6}
l;s]/ klg xf]nf, w]/h} :ff] cg'ejL nf]stflGqs d'ns' x?n] of] ljifosf] x]Ssf /fv]sf]
kfOG5 . zf;g k|0ffnLdf ToxfF gful/ssf] dxTj / ;xeflutfnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy
cfTd;ft ;d]t ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ToxL dxTj / cy{k0" f{ ;xeflutfsf sf/0f gful/s
klg d'nsk|lt lhDd]jf/ / st{Jolgi7 aGghfG5 . jf:tjdf cfh v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L
cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s ?kdf x/]s nf]stGqsf] lx:;f aGg uPsf] b]lvG5 .

o;sf ;fy}, ;"rgf / k|ljlw tyf cfd;~rf/ hutdf cfPsf ce"tk"j{ kl/jt{g / cfd
dflg;df a9\b} uPsf] /fhgLlts r]tsf sf/0f v'nfkg ca nf]stGqsf] clgjfo{ zt{sf]
?kdf :yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . nf]stGqdf o:tf] rl/q Jojxf/tM cg'et" x'g;s]g eg]
;'zf;g, zflGt, dfgj clwsf/ / Gofo k|flKt b'?x aGg hfg] s'/fdf b'Odt gxf]nf .

;fy;fy}, zf;sLo k|0ffnLdf v'nfkg k|a4{gsf nflu gful/sn] st{Jo / clwsf/

b'j}sf] cEof; plQs} dxTjsf ;fy ug'{kb{5 . /fHosf k|oTgx?df ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg gful/s klg cu|;/ x'g'kb{5 . To;sf nflu p;sf] 1fg tyf Ifdtf
ljsf; klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|:t't k'l:tsf k|sfzgn] ToxL lbzfdf 6]jf
k'¥ofpg]5 . k'l:tsfn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hgpQ/bfoL aGg'kg]{ ljifodf :d/0f
u/fpg'sf ;fy} cfd gful/snfO{ c;n cEof;x?sf ;Gbe{x? dfkm{t zf;sLo
k|0ffnLdf ;xeflutfsf nflu k|]l/t ug]{5 eGg] d}n} ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

o; dxTjk"0f{ 1fg ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/ sfo{sf] nflu lk|m8d kmf]/d
kl/jf/nfO{ wGojfb tyf awfO 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy}, ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf nflu
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L tyf v'nf ;+;bsf af/]df ;}4flGts Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s 1fg
k|bfg ug{] sfo{df k|sfzgsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5' . k|sfzg sfo{df ;+nUg
o; kl/of]hgfsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

8f=/fhaxfb'/ >]i7
kl/of]hgf Joj:yfks
;+;b ;xof]u kl/of]hgf÷o"Pg8LkL
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

efu !

v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/L

1
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ cjwf/0ff

nf] stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf d'Vo lg0f{ostf{ gful/s x'Gf\ . zf;g

Joj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf cfkm}F jf k|ToIf ;Dej gx'g] x'Fbf
lgjf{rgaf6 r'lgPsf k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ x'G5 . tL k|ltlglwn] gful/ssf] lxtdf
;fFlRrs} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] ;f]r gful/sdf /xG5 / /xg'
kb{5 . o:tf] ;f]r jf ;/f]sf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g} nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfdf
lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf, kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf ;'lglZrt ug]{
;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf x'G5 . nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ lbuf] / hglxtsf/L
agfpg /fHo / ;/sf/åf/f ul/g] ljleGg sfo{x¿df gful/ssf] ;xeflutf
x'g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotfx¿ :yflkt ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] ;xeflutf gful/snfO{
;/sf/sf] sfo{sf] ckgTj lng ;Sg] agfpg / /fHo tyf ;/sf/nfO{ gful/ssf]
lxtdf sfo{ ug]{ agfpg cfjZos x'G5 .

gful/s ;xeflutfdf ;/sf/sf] kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]xLtf nufot ;'zf;gsf

ljlw / k4ltnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ljleGg ;+oGqx¿sf] ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . gful/ssf]
;lqmo ;xeflutf x'g] o:tf ;+oGq / ljlwsf] cEof; vf; 36gf / ljifodf
dfq s]lGb|t geO{ ;/sf/L sfo{k|0ffnLdf ;do;fk]If ¿kfGt/0f u/L ;/sf/sf]
;du| sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg / To;af6 cfd gful/snfO{ nfesf] cg'e"lt
u/fpg nlIft x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .

gful/sn] /fHo k|0ffnL / ;/sf/nfO{ a9LeGbf a9L kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg

ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] klxrfg / To;sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . pQm nIo k|flKtdf
gful/s ;+:yf, lghL If]q / ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf / of]ubfgsf] plrt klxrfg u/L
kf/:kl/s nfesf nflu ;xsfo{ ug]{ cjwf/0ff / ljlwsf ax; tyf cEof;x¿
;+;f/el/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ax;x¿af6 ;/sf/ v'nf /xg' kb{5 / v'nf
;/sf/n] dfq nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ lbuf] / glthfd'vL agfpg ;S5g\
eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/ k|efjsf/L¿kdf v'nf x'gsf nflu

2
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

p;n] gful/s tyf pgLx¿sf ;+:yf;Fu Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;fem]bf/L ug'{ h¿/L
x'G5 .

nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ cfd gful/ssf] nfe tyf ;Gt'li6sf] ljifo agfpg]

uxg ljZjf; / dfGotfaf6 ljsl;t ;/sf/ -v'nf ;/sf/M gful/s ;fem]bf/L_sf]
¿kdf ;+;f/el/ lrlgG5 . o; ;fem]bf/Ldf ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yfx¿ tyf lghL
If]q ;Fu} a;L zf;g k4ltsf] ;'wf/ jf kl/jt{g / gful/sn] kfpg] ;]jfsf]
k|efjsfl/tfaf/] 5nkmn ub{5g\, sfo{ of]hgf agfpF5g\, Pscsf{sf] e"ldsf
ls6fg ub{5g\, lhDd]jf/L afF8kmfF6 ub{5g\, ldn]/ sfof{Gjog ub{5g\ / ;kmntf
tyf c;kmntfsf] efuLbf/L ;+o'Qm¿kdf lng] ub{5g\ .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln] zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ rfxg] ;/sf/leq / aflx/sf

;'wf/stf{sf] nflu ;femf d~r k|bfg ub{5 . o;n] ;'wf/stf{nfO{ kf/blz{tfsf]
k|j4{g, gful/s ;zQmLs/0f, e|i6frf/sf] Go"gLs/0f / gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] k|of]un]
zf;g Joj:yfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpgsf] nflu 5nkmn, sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
/ To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 . v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln]
;ª\3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿af6 kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]xLtf / gful/s
;xeflutfsf] :ki6 k|lta4tf dfu ub{5 .

3
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] k[i7e"ld

nf] stflGqs zf;gnfO{ ;'b[9 / glthfd'vL agfpg ;/sf/ / gful/s ;+:yf

tyf gful/s ;dfhaLr ;xsfo{ h¿/L ePsf] s'/f ;}4flGts¿kdf rrf{
eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|efjsf/L ;+oGq / k4ltsf]
ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf ePsf ljleGg cWoogx¿n] e|i6frf/
lgjf/0f / kf/blz{tfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg s'g} klg /fi6«sf] ;/sf/ / ToxfFsf
gful/s ;+:yfaLr Jojl:yt ;xsfo{ ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf
5g\ . k|efjsf/L zf;g Joj:yfsf] o;} rfxgf / cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff / sfo{ ;+/rgf tyf sfo{ljlw ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .

o; cjwf/0ff / sfo{ljlwn] v'nf ;/sf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o txdf :jLsfo{ /

cEof; ul/Psf dfkb08nfO{ vf; d'n'sdf sfof{Gjog ug{ / ;+;f/e/ km}nfpg
cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yf / lghL If]qaLrsf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ ljZj

cleofgsf] ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg cGt/f{li6«o d~r k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] æv'nf
;/sf/M gful/s ;fem]bf/LÆ k|lt k|lta4 cf7 /fi6« tyf gf} cGt/f{li6«o gful/s
;+:yfx¿ ldn]/ rf/ a'Fb] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ub}{ ;g\ @)!! sf] ;]K6]Da/Dff v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L -cf]lhkL_ sf] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . æv'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/LÆn]
;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf gful/sx¿k|lt klxn]eGbf a9L v'nf, hjfkmb]xL / pQ/bfoL
agfpg k|lta4 ;/sf/L tyf gful/s txsf ;'wf/stf{x¿nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf
eP/ sfd ug{ pTk|]l/t ub{5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff, e|i6frf/lj¿4sf] cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw

/ dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;'zf;gsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df v'nf ;/sf/
cfjZos / ;Dej ePsf] ljZjf; ub}{ cleofgsf] z'¿jft ul/Psf] xf] .

4
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

oL zf;gdf ;'wf/ rfxg] /fi6« / gful/s ;+:yfx¿n] ;/sf/x¿ gful/s;Fu

;xsfo{ ub}{ clxn]eGbf a9L v'nf, hjfkmb]xL / k|efjsf/L aGg] k|lqmofnfO{
cfkm\gf] k|fyldstfsf] ljifo 7fg] . pgLx¿n] e|i6frf/sf] cGTo, kf/blz{tf k|j4{g,
gful/s ;zQmLs/0f ub}{ ;/sf/nfO{ hjfkmb]xL tyf glthfd'vL agfpg' cfkm\gf]
st{Jo ePsf] :jLsf/] . ;fy}, pgLx¿ ljZj ;d'bfosf] nflu dfgjLo dof{bf, ;'v
/ ;d[l4 k|flKtsf lglDt cfk;sf] ;xsfo{df v'nfkgnfO{ cg's/0fLo cEof;sf]
¿kdf :yflkt ug{ k|lta4 eP . ToxL ;do pgLx¿n] ;/sf/sf ultljlwsf
;"rgfsf] k|jfx a9fpg, gful/s ;fem]bf/LnfO{ k|]l/t ug{ / ;3fpg, ;/sf/
;~rfngdf ;bfrf/sf] pRr dfkb08 sfod ug{ tyf v'nfkg km/flsnf] kfg{
/ hjfkmb]xLtfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr a9fpg] k|lta4tf
JoQm u/] .

pgLx¿n] v'nf ;/sf/ cjwf/0ffnfO{ Ps k|lqmofut cleofgsf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/L

o;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg lg/Gt/ lqmofzLntf / lbuf] k|lta4tfsf] cfjZostf af]w
u/] . t;y{, pgLx¿n] ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;+:yfx¿nfO{ of] cleofg :j}lR5s
tyf bfloTj l;h{gf gePsf] / v'nf ;/sf/sf] sfddf cfkm"nfO{ pbfx/0fsf]
¿kdf :yflkt ub}{ ;kmn cEof;x¿ tyf cfljisf/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf
cfbfgk|bfg ug{ cfXjfg u/] . pkl:yt ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;+:yfx¿n] v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf s]xL l;4fGt / k|lta4tf ;dfj]z ePsf] 3f]if0ffkq cg'df]bg
u/L tTsfn cf–cfkm\gf /fi6«sf] sfo{of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/L v'nf ;/sf/ gful/s
;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] z'¿jft u/]sf x'g\ .

;g\ @)!! Dff cf7 b]zaf6 z'¿ ePsf] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cleofgdf
l8;]Da/ @)!* ;Dddf ljZjsf &( b]zx¿ -v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf xfn &^
;lqmo b]z 5g\ . tLg ;b:o/fi6« lgliqmo 5g\ . ch/a}hfg, af]l:gof–xh{uf]legf /
l6«lg8f8–6f]afuf] cfa4 eP/ klg xfn ;lqmo 5}gg\ eg] xFu]/L, tfGhflgof / 6sL{n]
;b:otf lkmtf{ lnPsf 5g\ ._, @) :yfgLo ;/sf/ tyf w]/} ;+Vofdf gful/s
;+:yfx¿ ;xefuL 5g\ / zf;g ;'wf/sf If]qdf ;xsfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . oL b]zsf
/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿ cfkm"nfO{ cem a9L kf/bzL{ tyf k|efjsf/L
agfpg zf;sLo ;'wf/sf sl/a tLg xhf/ k|lta4tf sfof{Gjog ug{ nfluk/]sf
5g\ .
5
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf]

d'Vo p2]Zo
v' nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] d'Vo p2]Zo zf;g ;'wf/sf] If]qdf of]ubfg ug{
;Sg] ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ pko'Qm ;+oGq pknAw u/fO{ ;/sf/L v'nfkgnfO{
a[xQ/ cleofgsf] ¿kdf ;+:yfut ug{ cfjZos /fli6«o Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ xf] .

n ;/sf/, gful/s tyf gful/s ;+:yf / lghL If]qaLr ;fem]bf/L ub}{ nf]stflGqs
zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ ;xefuLd"ns agfpg' .
n ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yf / lghL If]qnfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/j]z cg';f/ ck]lIft ;'wf/
jf kl/jt{gsf] sfdnfO{ ;DkGg ug{ /0fgLlts¿kdf ;fem]bf/L ug]{ ;+:sf/ /
sfo{ ;+/rgf k|bfg ug'{ .
n e|i6frf/lj¿4 h'Wg, kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug{ / gful/s ;zQmLs/0f ug]{
cjwf/0ff / of]hgf agfpg, To;sf] sfof{Gjog / lg/Gt/ cg'udg tyf
d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf /
of]ubfgsf] sb/ ug'{ .
n zf;g Joj:yfdf gful/ssf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf / To;dfkm{t\ kf/blz{tf,
hjfkmb]xLtf / k|efjsfl/tf k|j4{g ug]{ k|0ffnL / k|lqmofaf/] /fi6«x¿nfO{
cg's/0fLo cEof;sf] yfngL ug{ pTk|]l/t ug'{ .
n ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yf / lghL If]q ldn]/ ePu/]sf cg's/0fLo cEof;x¿
cfbfgk|bfg u/L Pscsf{ b]zsf ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yfx¿ tyf lghL If]qn]
l;Sg], l;sfpg] tyf kl/jt{gsdL{x¿sf] nflu ;femf ynf] pknAw u/fpg' .

6
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] l;4fGt

v' nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cleofgsf nflu ;}4flGts d"No / dfGotfsf]
hu eg]sf] o;sf] 3f]if0ffkq xf] . 3f]if0ffkqn] lgDgfg';f/sf l;4fGtx¿
k|ltkfbg u/L cjnDag ug{ k|lta4tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5M

n ;xeflutfM zf;g Joj:yfdf gful/ssf] ;xeflutf / ;Gt'li6

dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . gful/sx¿ zf;g k|lqmofsf] 36gf ljz]ifdf dfq ;xefuL
geO{ kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf ;lxtsf] zf;g k4lt / ;+:yfut ;'wf/ u/L
gful/s rf;f] / cfjZostfx¿, tL k|fKt ug]{ pkfox¿ / ;f]sf] nflu gLlt,
of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjodf ;r]t / ;lqmo 9ª\un] ;xefuL
eO{ of]ubfg ub{5g\ . o;df /fHon] pbf/ ;f]rn] gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{
zf;g k4ltdf ;+:yfut ub{5 .

n ;xsfo{ / ;xl;h{gfM zf;g Joj:yf / o;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf gful/sx¿sf]

rf;f] / lhDd]jf/L dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;f] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ pgLx¿n] ;/sf/;Fu
;xsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw / ;/sf/L lgsfox¿aLr ;xsfo{
eof] eg] ;d:of klxrfg / ;dfwfgdf ;a} kIfsf] ckgTj / l;h{gfTdstf
/xG5 . cfk;L lxtsf nflu ul/g] ;fem]bf/Lsf] d"No, dfGotf, ljlw, ultljlw /
;+:yfut ;+oGq klg ;a} kIfn] ;+o'Qm¿kdf to ug'{ kb{5 . o;nfO{ ;xl;h{gf
elgG5 . ;xl;h{gfdf zf;g ;~rfng k|lqmofdf gful/sx¿ ;]jfu|fxL tyf
k|ltkIf dfq xf]Ogg\ a¿ pgLx¿ o;sf] lx:;]bf/ / :jfldTjstf{ x'g\ eGg]
dfGotfnfO{ dxTj lbG5 .

n ;dfj]zLs/0f / ljljwtfM x/]s ;dfh / /fi6« ljljwtfo'Qm x'G5 . To:tf]

ljljwtfn] slxn]sfxLF s]xL ju{ jf kIfnfO{ nfe / csf]{nfO{ sd nfe
jf xflg eO/x]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . zf;g Joj:yf ;~rfngdf To:tf] ljljwtfnfO{
a'Efm\b} / ;Ddfg ub}{ jlxis/0fdf k/]sf jf kfl/Psf ju{ jf kIfsf cfjZostf

7
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

/ ;xsfo{nfO{ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln] dxTj lbG5 . ljljw cfjZostf

ePsf gful/s tyf gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf
eof] eg] dfq To:tf] zf;g k|0ffnLn] dfgjLo dof{bf tyf cfwf/e"t dfgj
clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;fdflhs Gofosf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;Sb5 . To:tf]
x'g g;Sbf ;dfhdf ul/aL tyf czflGt eO/xG5 h'g cGttM ;dfh tyf
/fi6«sf] ;dfj]zL ;d[l4sf] cleofgsf] afws aGb5 . v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln]
;dfhsf ltg} ljljw rfxgf / cfjZostf ePsf gful/s tyf ;/sf/n]
;+o'Qm¿kdf sfd u5{g\ / ;a} ju{ jf kIfnfO{ Goflos tl/sfn] ;d6\g /
;/sf/sf] sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tf ;a} tx / tKsfdf cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsg] agfpg
nfuLk5{g\ .

n v'nf tYofª\sM ;/sf/n] sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf w]/} tYo tyf tYofª\s l;h{gf
tyf ;ª\sng x'G5g\ . o:tf ;"rgf / tYofª\saf6 cfd gful/sn] nfe lng
;Sb5g\ . To;}n] o:tf tYofª\s tyf ;"rgfx¿ cfd gful/sn] yfxf kfpg'
kb{5 / tL tYofª\sx¿sf] ;ª\sng / e08f/0f ubf{ k'gM k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] /
gful/ssf] kx'Fr x'g]u/L ul/g' kb{5 . ;/sf/sf] pknlAw tyf k|efjsfl/tf
dfkg / hjfkmb]xLtfsf nflu o:tf tYofª\sx¿ w]/} pkof]uL x'G5g\ . ;/sf/L
txdf pTkfbg x'g] tYofª\s v'nf tYofª\ssf] ¿kdf rfx]sf] ;dodf ;/n
tl/sfn] gful/sn] k|fKt ug{;Sg], ;a} gful/ssf] ;dfg kx'Frdf /xg], k'gM
k|of]u ug{ ;lsg], Ohfht lng' gkg]{ u/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .
o:tf ;"rgf / tYofª\sn] gful/snfO{ z;Qm, lhDd]jf/ / k|df0fsf] cfwf/df
af]Ng] / Jojxf/ ug]{ agfpF5 . o;n] ;/sf/nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg'sf] ;fy}
gful/sk|lt hjfkmb]xL agfpg d2t ub{5 . o:tf] k4ltsf] cEof;n] gful/s
tyf ;/sf/aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ljZj;gLo agfpF5 / /rgfTds ;xsfo{nfO{
a9fjf lbG5 .

n ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ;"rgfsf] k|jfx / k|of]uM v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln] ;/sf/

/ To;sf lgsfosf] gLlt, sfo{qmd, /fh:j tyf ah]6 ljlgof]hg, ah]6
vr{, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjog / To;sf glthfx¿ tyf cGo
;"rgfx¿ gful/ssf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu pgLx¿n] a'em\g] efiff / kfpg ;/n
8
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

x'g] dfWodaf6 :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf lg/Gt/ k|jfx ug'{ kb{5{ egL ljZjf; /fVb5 .
To:tf ;"rgfx¿sf] k'gM k|of]usf nflu s'g} afwf, cj/f]w x'g'xF'b}g . ;"rgfsf]
xs;DaGwL sfg'gn] ;a} ;/sf/L tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs;+:yfn] ;fj{hlgs
ug'{kg]{ ;"rgfx¿ / To:tf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ljlwaf/] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
;"rgfsf] k|of]u s'g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ tyf kfpg' kg]{ ;]jfaf/] hfGg],
To;sf] dfu ug]{, k|of]u ug]{ tyf lgsfox¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg]
;Gbe{df Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

n kx'Fr / ;xhtfM ;/sf/ ;~rfngsf] l;nl;nfdf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljleGg

;"rgf tyf tYofª\s l;h{gf x'g' / To;sf] plrt Joj:yfkg x'g' dxTjk"0f{
s'/f xf] . ;/sf/L txdf l;h{gf ePsf tyf ;/sf/n] k|jfx ug]{ s'g} klg ;"rgf
tyf tYofª\sdf ;a}sf] ;dfg xs / Goflos kxF'r x'g'kb{5 . o;dfs'g} JolQm,
ju{ jf kIfsf cfwf/df lje]b x'g'xF'b}g / tL ;"rgfx¿ gful/sx¿n] a'em\g]
efiff / kfos kg]{ :yfgdf pknAw x'g'kb{5 . o:tf ;"rgfn] gful/sdf ;/sf/
tyf zf;g k4ltk|lt rf;f] l;h{gf ub{5 / ;xeflutfsf] :t/ a9fpFb} n}hfG5
h;n] ubf{ ;/sf/ / gful/saLrsf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ alnof] agfpF5 . o:tf]
;fem]bf/Ln] :yfgLo ;d:ofsf] :yfgLo ;dfwfg vf]hL gful/s ;Gt'li6sf]
dfqf a9fO{ ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / nf]slk|otf clej[l4 x'G5 . ;xh kx'Frsf]
s'/f ubf{ efiffsf] ljljwtf, dfWodsf] ljljwtf tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
k|of]u klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

n kf/blz{tf tyf hjfkmb]xLtfM ;/sf/ ;~rfngsf]] ;Gbe{df ul/g] lg0f{o, gLlt

lgdf{0f, ;|f]t–;fwgsf] ljlgof]hg / nfesf] ljt/0f ubf{ ckgfOg] kf/blz{tf
/ hjfkmb]xLtfsf ljlwx¿n] ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf km/s NofpF5 .
;/sf/;~rfngsf ;a} ultljlwx¿sf] ;"rgfdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr x'g' kb{5 /
;/sf/n] jfrf u/]sf s'/fx¿sf] ;kmntfdf >]o lng] / c;kmntfsf] efuLbf/L
lng] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . ;/sf/ tyf gful/saLrsf] ;fem]bf/Ln]
;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] st{Jo kfngfdf kf/blz{tf sfod ug{ / glthfpk/
pQ/bfloTj jxg ug{ d2t k'Ub5 .

9
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;+/rgf

of] Ps gofF tyf :j]lR5s ;+oGq xf] . of] ;+oGq b]zdf ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{
k|lta4 ;/sf/ tyf gful/sx¿sf] :jtM:km"t{ kxn sbdL xf] .

of] ;+oGqn] s'g} ljifodf s;}nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb}g . ;/sf/sf] v'nfkg /

k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f ub{5 . zf;g k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsfl/tf
tyf hjfkmb]xLtfdf ;xsfo{, ;xof]u / l;sfO{nfO{ g} v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln]
d"n dGqsf] ¿kdf lnPsf] x'Fbf o;sf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf sfo{k|0ffnL klg
;f]xL¿kdf Joj:yf 5 .

;~rfns ;ldlt
v'nf ;/sf/ ;~rfns ;ldltdf ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 ;dfg
;+Vof / x}l;otdf ;xeflutf x'g] ub{5 . ;~rfns ;ldltdf gful/s ;+:yf /
;/sf/sf k|ltlglwn] ;xcWoIfsf] ¿kdf g]t[Tj k|bfg ub{5g\ . of] g]t[Tj k|To]s
jif{ x:tfGt/0f x'G5 . ;/sf/x¿sf] tkm{af6 !! hgf tyf gful/s ;+:yfx¿af6
!! u/L @@ ;b:oLo ;~rfns ;ldlt 5 . /fli6«o txdf aGg] ;ldltx¿df klg
oxL l;4fGt tyf lgod nfu" x'G5 .
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf ;x cWoIfx¿
jif{ ;/sf/ gful/s ;+:yf
@)!@÷!# ;+o'Qm clw/fHo ;/sf/ jf/]g s|fkm|rs
] , OG6/g]zgn ah]6 kf6{g/;Lk (IBP)
@)!#÷!$ OG8f]g]lzof ;/sf/ /fs]z /fhgL, k|d'v, Twaweza
@)!$÷!% d]lS;sf] ;/sf/ cn]Sh]08/ uf]Ghfn]h, sfo{sf/L k|dv
' , GESOCAC
@)!%÷!^ blIf0f clk|msL ;/sf/ ;'lgtf, s}dfn, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, NRGI
@)!^÷!& k|mfG; ;/sf/ dlgif afkgf, k|aGw lgb]{zs, WRI
@)!&÷!* hlh{of ;/sf/ d's]nfgL l8Daf, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, OADC
@)!*÷!( Sofg8f ;/sf/ gfylgon x]n/, sfo{sf/L pkfWoIf, R4D

10
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;fem]bf/Lsf] d'Vo lg0ff{os ;+oGq eg]sf] ;~rfns ;ldlt xf] . o;n] v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/LnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o txdf lbzflgb]z { ub{5 . ;ldltn]] d"No, dfGotf /
l;4fGtsf] k|j4{g / ;+/If0fsf nflu d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . o;y{ ;~rfns
;ldlt v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljZjJofkL g]tT[ jbfoL cª\u xf] . ;~rfns
;ldltdf ;/sf/ / ;'zf;g Pj+ kf/blz{tfsf] If]qdf of]ubfg u/]sf / nfdf] cg'ej
;ª\ufn]sf gful/s ;+:yfdf cfa4 JolQmx¿ ;b:osf] ¿kdf /xg] ub{5g\ .

;x;ldlt
;~rfns ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfddf ;xhtfsf nflu ;x;ldltx¿ lgdf{0f ug{
;Sb5 . xfn zf;g / g]t[Tj (Governance and Leadership), dfkb08 / dfgsx¿
(Criteria and Standards) / ;dsIfL l;sfO{ / 1fgsf] cfbfgk|bfg (Peer Learning
and Exchange) u/L tLg ;x;ldlt lqmofzLn 5g\ . o:tf ;x;ldltx¿df klg
gful/s ;+:yf / ;/sf/sf] a/fa/ ;xeflutf 5 .

;lrjfno tyf ;xof]u PsfO{

cleofgnfO{ ;dGjo ug{ ;+oQ' m/fHo cd]l/sfdf ;lrjfno :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
o; ;+oGqcGtu{t dxfb]z tyf If]qLo lhDd]jf/Lsf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf gful/s ;+:yf
/ ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjodf sfo{ ug{ ljz]if1 k|ltlglwx¿ 5g\ . o;sf] g]tT[ j k|dv '
sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ub{5g\ . ;lrjfnon] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ffsf] k|j4{g
/ cfjZos ;xof]usf nflu ;~rfns ;ldltsf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ub{5 .

;lrjfno;Fu} /x]sf] ;xof]u PsfO{sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L eg]sf] v'nf ;/sf/

;fem]bf/Lsf] ;+oGqdf sfo{ ug{ ;b:o ePsf /fi6«df ;/sf/ tyf gful/s
;+:yfnfO{ pgLx¿sf k|lta4tf lgwf{/0f ug{ / tL k|lta4tf k"/f ug{ cfjZos
bIftf, ;|f]t / k|ljlw;Fusf] ;DaGw :yfkgf u/fpg e"ldsf v]Ng' xf] . ;lrjfnon]
;+;f/e/ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf b]zaf6 pgLx¿sf]
sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd ePu/]sf sfdsf] k|ltj]bg ;ª\sng ub{5 h'g k|ltj]bgdf
;DalGwt b]zsf k|ult, cg'ej / cj;/x¿ ;d]l6G5g\ .

11
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ljifout sfo{ ;d"x

;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg o;df gful/s ;xeflutf,
;"rgfsf] xssf] ;'lglZrttf, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfx, ah]6df kf/blz{tf, v'nf
tYofª\s, ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] :jfy{ tyf ;DklQsf]
3f]if0ff, ;+;bLo v'nfkg, Goflos kf/blz{tf, ;'/Iff lgsfosf] kf/blz{tf, lgjf{rg,
;fj{hlgs 7]Ssf, ;DklQ 3f]if0ff, j}b]lzs ;xof]u, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg tyf
;~rf/ dfWodsf] kf/blz{tf sfo{If]q kb{5g\ .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/LcGtu{t ljz]if1x¿ ;lDdlnt ljifout sfo{ ;d"xx¿

u7g ul/Psf 5g\ . o:tf sfo{ ;d"xx¿df ljifout cfjZostf, sfo{ cg'ej
/ lj1tfsf] cfwf/df ;b:ox¿ /xg] ub{5g\ . o:tf sfo{ ;d"xx¿df klg
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ;/sf/ / gful/s ;+:yfx¿sf] ;dfg
;xeflutf x'g] ub{5 . cleofgdf xfn lgDg sfo{ ;d"xx¿ ;~rfngdf 5g\ .

n ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Fiscal Openness Working Group)

n ;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Legislative Openness Working Group)
n ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Access to Information Working Group)
n e|i6frf/lj¿4sf] sfo{ ;d"x (Anti-Corruption Working Group)
n v'nf tYofª\s;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Open Data Working Group)
n k|fs[lts ;+zfwgdf v'nfkg;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Openness in Natural Resources
Working Group)
n v'nf jftfj/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ;d"x (Open Climate Working Group)

:jtGq k|ltj]bg ;+oGq

;fem]bf/Ldf ;xefuL ;b:o /fi6«x¿n]] cfkm"n] to u/]sf] sfo{of]hgfsf]] nflu jflif{s¿kdf
:jd"Nofª\sg ug]{ ub{5g\ . :jd"Nofª\sgn] zf;gdf v'nfkg / k|efjsfl/tfsf] k|ultsf]
cj:yf :ki6 kfb{5 . o;} :jd"Nofª\sgsf] kl/k"/ssf] ¿kdf :jtGq lj1x¿sf] /fli6«o
;+/rgfn] to u/]sf k|lta4tf, sfo{of]hgf / To;sf] k|ultaf/] ;"rgf ;ª\sng /
ljZn]if0f u/L k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf k|ltj]bg tof/ ub{5g\ . o;nfO{ :jtGq k|ltj]bg

12
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+oGq elgG5 . o; k|ltj]bgdf ;DalGwt d'ns ' n] ;fem]bf/Lsf] l;4fGtnfO{ slt

cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;s]sf] 5 eGg] d"Nofª\sg x'G5 / jflif{s sfo{of]hgfsf] k|ultaf/] pNn]v
x'G5 . o; k|ltj]bgn] cfjZos ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f / ;'emfjx¿ Kflg lbG5 .
o;/L tof/ ul/Psf k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt /fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o lj1 ;d"x;FUf 5nkmn u/]/
6'ªu\ f] nufpg] ul/G5 / ;fj{hlgs x'g] ub{5 .

lzv/ ;Dd]ng
cleofgaf6 k|fKt pknlAw tyf l;sfO{x¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug{ x/]s jif{ v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L ljZj ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/G5 hxfF ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yfsf
k|ltlglwx¿, lghL If]q, k|fl1s hut\ tyf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] pkl:ylt x'G5 .
lzv/ ;Dd]ng v'nf ;/sf/af/] rf;f] /fVg]x¿sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ xf] . o;
;Dd]ngdf v'nf ;/sf/ cEof; u/]sf /fi6« tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/, gful/s ;+:yf,
lghL If]q tyf cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, ;~rf/ dfWod, bft[ lgsfo / cGo
;ª\3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglw tyf ;fem]bf/Laf/] rf;f] /fVg] JolQmx¿sf] hd36 x'g]
ub{5 . o;df ;fem]bf/L ;DaGwdf s] s:tf cEof; ePsf 5g\, To;sf] k|efj s:tf]
k/]sf] 5, kl/jlt{t kl/j]zcg';f/ tf]lsg' kg]{ k|fyldstf / cjnDag ul/g' kg]{
/0fgLltsf ljifodf 3lge"t 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 . ;g\ @)!! Dff :yfkgf ePb]lv ;g\
@)!( ;Dd 5 j6f v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L;DaGwL lzv/ ;Dd]ng eP . ;g\ @)!(
sf] lzv/ ;Dd]ng Sofg8fn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] eg] To;eGbf cufl8sf qmdzM
cd]l/sf, a]nfot, d]lS;sf], k|mfG; / hlh{ofn] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L lzv/ ;Dd]ng

klxnf]– a|flhn clk|n !&–!*, @)!@
bf];|f]– nG8g, a]nfot cS6f]a/ #!–gf]e]Da/ !, @)!#
t];|f]– d]lS;sf] cS6f]a/ @*–@(, @)!%
rf}yf]– k]l/;, k|mfG; l8;]Da/– &–* @)!^
kfFrf}+– hlh{of, l6AnL;L h'nfO{ !*–!(, @)!*
5}6f}+– c§f]jf, Sofg8f d] @(–#!, @)!(

13
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

k|j4{g sf]if
o; sf]ifn] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf k|lta4tf tyf
sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/fpg rflxg] ljz]if1 ;]jf tyf cGo cfjZos ;xfotf
pknAw u/fpF5 . ;b:o /fi6«aLr cg'ej tyf 1fgsf] cfbfgk|bfg tyf ;dsIfL
l;sfO{sf nflu klg of] sf]ifsf] k|of]u x'g ;Sb5 . to ul/Psf k|lta4tfx¿sf]
sfof{Gjogdf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;|ft] , 1fg, ;Lksf] sdL ePdf o; sf]ifn]
;xof]u ub{5 . of] sf]ifsf] k|of]u :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;DalGwt gd'gf kxnx¿df klg
k|of]u x'g ;Sb5 . ;fy} v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ;b:o gePsf /fi6«x¿nfO{ o;
;fem]bf/Ldf ;xefuL u/fpg cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ klg of] sf]ifsf] /sd pknAw x'g]
ub{5 . of] sf]ifaf6 gful/s ;+:yf, ;/sf/, cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfox¿n] ;xof]u lng
;S5g\ . sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u lngsf nflu k|lt:kwf{Tds k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ kb{5 .

14
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

:yfgLo ;/sf/;“usf] kxn

; g\ @)!^ df !% b]zsf !% leGg :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu z'¿ ul/Psf] :yfgLo

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] gd'gf kxn kl/of]hgf ;g\ @)!* sf] cGTo;Dddf
@) b]zsf @) :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

:yfgLo v'nf ;/sf/x¿

! c:6Lg, 6]S;;, ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf
!!= Dofl8«8, :k]g
@= af:s k|b]z, :k]g
!@= gfl/gf], sf]nlDaof
#= a]hf]g]uf]/f], OG8f]g]l;of
!#= PG6fl/of], Sofg8f
$= Ao"g; cfo;{– ch]{G6Lgf
!$=k]l/;, k|mfG;
%= Onluof] df/]Sof]6f–s]Gof
!%= ;fcf] kfpnf], a|flhn
^= nf;L, /f]dflgof
!^= :s6n}08, o's]
&= hfln:sf], d]lS;sf]
!&= ;]sf]GbL–6fsf]/fbL–3fgf
*= sb'gf k|b]z, gfOh]l/of
!*= l;of]n–blIf0f sf]l/of
(= lsuf]df, tfGhlgof
!(= ;fpy sf]6faf6f]–lkmlnlkG;
!)= nf lnj]{6f8, k]¿
@)= l6lAn;L– hlh{of

n s'g} b]z v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L ;b:o gePsf] cj:yfdf klg ;f] b]zsf] s'g}
:yfgLo ;/sf/ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/LcGtu{tsf] cjwf/0ff / dfkb08sf]
cEof; u/L zf;g ;'wf/sf] sfd ug{ :jtGq 5 .

n :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;DalGwt gd'gf kxndf ;xefuL x'g rfxg] :yfgLo

;/sf/sf] hg;+Vof Go"gtd @ nfv @% xhf/ x'g' cfjZos 5 .

15
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xeflutf

of] ;+/rgf afWosf/L geO{ :j]R5fdf lqmofzLn x'G5 . s'g} klg b]zn] v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu s]xL lhDd]jf/Lx¿ k"/f ug'{
kb{5 . d'VotM ;b:o /fi6«n] ;/sf/sf] v'nfkg, kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]xLtf /
gful/s ;xeflutfk|lt ljZjf; k|s6 ug'{ kb{5 / To;sf nflu rflxg] gLlt,
sfo{of]hgf / ;+/rgf tof/ ug{ k|lta4 x'g' kb{5 . of] ;+/rgf cg'ej /
cfjZostfsf cfwf/df cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ljsf; u/L /fli6«o :t/df sfof{Gjog
ug]{ lsl;dsf]] 5 .

;b:osf] nflu of]Uotf

;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] ;b:o aGg] jf gaGg] s'/f ;DalGwt b]zsf] OR5fdf lge{/
ub{5 . t/ s'g} klg b]zn] Rffx]s} e/df v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] k|lqmofdf
;xefuL x'g eg] kfpFb}g . :ff] /fi6«n] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu tf]lsPsf]
k|lqmof k"/f u/]sf] / v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] l;4fGtk|lt ljZjf; /x]sf] k|lta4tf
k|s6 ug'{ kb{5 . ;fem]bf/Lsf] d'Vo nIo ;'wf/ rfxg] /fi6«nfO{ cj;/ k|bfg ug'{
/x]sfn] o;sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ Go"gtd of]Uotf / ;b:otf k|lqmof ;/n 5 .

;fem]bf/L cleofgdf ;b:o x'g rfxg] /fi6«sf] Go"gtd of]Uotf dfkgsf nflu
rf/ j6f If]qnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 .

n ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'g / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog

n ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL cEof;
n ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff;DaGwL Joj:yf / sfof{Gjog
n zf;g k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutf

dfly plNnlvt k|To]s If]qsf] nflu $ cÍ k|bfg ul/G5 / Go"gtd !@ cÍ

NofPsf] b]z v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGg] of]Uotf k'u]sf] dflgG5 . olb
s'g} b]zsf] cj:yfn] ubf{ jf s'g} Ps If]qdf s'g} sfo{ g} gePsf] cj:yfdf
16
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

# j6f If]qdf dfq d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . s'g} # j6f If]qsf] dfq
d"Nofª\sg ePsf]df ( cÍ Nofpg' kb{5 . cyf{t\ d"Nofª\sg ePsf] If]qdf &%
k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt ug]{ b]z ;b:o aGg of]Uo dflgG5 .

!= ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'g / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog

;"rgfsf] xs sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] b]zn] klxnf] d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df $ cÍdf
$ g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 . t/ ;+ljwfgdf ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt 5 / sfg'g
5}g eg] # cÍ dfq k|fKt ub{5 . olb sfg'g klg 5}g / ;+ljwfgdf klg pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5}g eg] s'g} cÍ k|fKt x'Fb}g . To:t} ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'gsf]
d:of}bf dfq 5nkmndf 5 eg] To; b]zn] ! cÍ k|fKt ub{5 . o;;DaGwL
hfgsf/Lsf nflu right2info.org ;e]{If0f /Centre for Law and Democracy and
Access Info Europe sf] rti-rating.org nfO{ cfwf/ lng] ul/G5 .

@= ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL cEof;

ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL dfkgdf ;/sf/sf] ah]6 k|:tfj / n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
gful/ssf] txdf pknAw 5 eg] ;b:o aGg rfxg] b]zn] k|To]s leGg b:tfj]hsf
nflu @–@ cÍ u/L $ cÍ k|fKt ub{5 . s'g} Ps 5}g eg] @ cÍ/ s'g} klg 5}g
eg] s'g} cÍ k|fKt ub}{g . ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] cfwf/
International Budget Partnership sf] Open Budget Survey nfO{ lng] ul/G5 .

#= ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff

;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ sfg'g
ePsf]df @ cÍ / To:tf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] b:tfj]h gful/s tyf ;~rf/ dfWodsf]
kx'Frdf eP @ cÍ u/L $ cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|fjwfg 5 . olb ;DklQ 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{
t/ ;f];DaGwL hfgsf/L gful/ssf] kx'Frdf gePdf @ cÍ dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
o;;DaGwL sfg'gL tyf k|of]usf] cj:yf dfkg ug{sf nflu World Bank’s Public
Officials Financial Disclosure Database nfO{ cfwf/ lng] ul/G5 .

$= zf;g k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutf

zf;g ;~rfng k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] ;Gbe{df gful/s

17
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;xeflutfsf nflu hf/L ul/g] gful/s :jtGqtf cÍsf] cfwf/df ) b]lv $ cÍ

k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . o;sf] dfkgsf] nflu The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index
of Democracy sf] cÍnfO{ lng] ul/Psf] 5 .

Value Check -d"No hfFr_

rf/j6f If]qsf] d"Nofª\sgdfkm{t\ s'g} b]zn] ;b:o aGg] of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sf]
ePtfklg ;]K6]Da/ @), @)!& b]lv gful/s ;+:yfx¿n] ;f] b]zdf sfo{ ug]{ jftfj/0f
5 ls 5}g egL dfkg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ Value Check -d"No hfFr_ eGg]
ul/G5 . o;sf] dfkgdf gful/s ;+:yfnfO{ :jtGq¿kdf ;~rfng ug]{ sfg'gL
/ k|zf;lgs jftfj/0f eP gePsf] x]l/G5 . of] d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/ Varieties of
Democracy (V-dem) sf] Dataset on Democracy nfO{ lng] ul/G5 .

;b:o aGg of]Uo ePsf] b]zsf] sfg'g tyf Jojxf/df kl/jt{g eP/ dfkg cÍ
36]df ;b:otf u'Dg] ;Defjgf klg plQs} /xG5 .

;b:otf k|lqmof
s'g} b]zn]] ;b:o aGg rfx]df lgDg k|lqmofx¿ k"/f ug'{ kb{5M

3f]if0ffkqsf] cg'df]bg M
OR5f JoQmM ;fem]bf/Lsf] cfwf/
;b:o aGg of]Uo /fi6«nfO{ eg]s} o;sf] 3f]if0ffkq xf] .
;lrjfnon] ;b:o aGg 3f]if0ffkqsf] ;DalGwt b]zsf]
of]Uotfsf] k"0f{tfM of]Uo ePsfn] ;b:osf] ;/sf/n] cg'df]bg ug'{ g}
# jf $ j6f If]qsf] ¿kdf :jfut 5 eGg] o; ;+/rgfsf] ;b:o aGg'
cj:yf d"Nofª\sgdf &% k|:tfj–kq k7fpg ;Sb5 . xf] . s'g} klg b]zsf] ;/sf/n]
k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt u/L ;DalGwt /fi6«n] ;b:o cf}krfl/s ¿kdf Tof]
d"No hfFrdf kf; x'g' aGg OR5's 5fF} eGg] kq 3f]if0ffkq cg'df]bg u/]sf] /
cfjZos 5 . pQm ;lrjfnodf k7fpg' v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu
kb{5 jf cf}krfl/s¿kdf tof/ /x]sf] s'/f JoSt ug'{
o;sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ kb{5 . kb{5 . cg'df]bg /fi6«sf] k|d'v
sfo{sf/L jf dlGq:t/af6 klg
ug{ ;lsG5 .

18
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;b:o /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L

v' nf ;/sf/ M gful/s ;fem]bf/L ljZj cleofgdf ;b:o aGg' s'g} klg
;'wf/ rfxg] b]zsf nflu l;Sg] / l;sfpg] 7"nf] cj;/ xf] . o:tf]
cleofgdf ;b:o ePkl5 tkl;n adf]lhdsf lhDd]jf/Lx¿ k"/f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

/fli6«o ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g

;xefuL b]zx¿n] ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ / gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;dfg
;fem]bf/L / x}l;ot /xg] u/L /fli6«o ;~rfns ;ldlt (National Steering
Committee) agfpg' kb{5 . o; ;ldltn] b]zsf] nflu zf;g ;'wf/ jf kl/jt{gsf
k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{, jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfpg], To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{,
k|ultsf] :jd"Nofª\sg ug]{ / cfkm\gf k|ult ljj/0f v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf]
;lrjfnodf k7fpg] sfd ub{5 .

o;;ldltdf gful/s ;+:yf / ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ;dfg ;+Vofdf ;xeflutf /xg]

ub{5 / b'j}n] ;ldltsf] ;xcWoIftf ub{5g\ . /fli6«o ;~rfns ;ldltdf /xgsf
nflu gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/
;xdlt jf r'gfjdfkm{t\ cfpg ;S5g\ eg] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 lhDd]jf/L
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf lhDd]jf/ JolStx¿nfO{ tf]Sg ;Sb5 . sfo{sf/Lsf] s'g}
dxTjk"0f{ lgsfo tyf dGqfnon] ;ldltsf]] ;lrjfnosf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sb5 .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] k|j4{g / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu

sfo{of]hgf th'd
{ f
;~rfns ;ldltn] b'O{jif]{ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf (National Action Plan) agfpg]
ub{5 . /fli6«o ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;/f]sf/jfnf, gful/s tyf gful/s ;+:yfx¿;FUf
5nkmn u/]/ of] sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 .

sfo{of]hgf cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] kl/j]znfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ ug{'kg]{ / ug{ ;lsg] ;'wf/
/ kl/jt{gsf ljifox¿ ;d6\b} v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ of]ubfg

19
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ug]{ / /fli6«o cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{u/L agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgfn]

d'VotM kf/blz{tf, e|i6frf/ lj¿4sf cleofg, ;"rgfsf] xs, v'nf tYofª\s,
pQ/bfloTj / hjfkmb]xLtf, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr,
;+;bLo v'nfkg, Gofodf kx'Fr h:tf If]qx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sb5 .

sfo{of]hgf agfpg' eg]sf] b]zdf ;'zf;g, kf/blz{tf tyf v'nfkg k|j4{g ug{
gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, lghL If]q tyf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;xl;h{gf ug'{ xf] .
of] sfo{of]hgfn] g} ;'wf/sf nflu dfu{lgb]{lzt ub{5 . o;n] ;/sf/, lghL If]q
tyf gful/s ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] k|lta4tf vf]Hb5 . sfo{of]hgf agfpg]
sfo{ Ps lg/Gt/ k|lqmof xf] .

sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog
sfo{of]hgfdf s] ug]{, s;n] ug]{ / slxn];Dd ug]{h:tf dfkgof]Uo ;"rs;lxt
Joj:yf ul/g] x'Fbf o;sf]] sfof{Gjog lg/Gt/¿kdf g} x'G5 . kf/blz{tf,
hjfkmb]xLtf tyf v'nfkg k|j4{g ug]{ ljifodf sfo{of]hgfdf plNnlvt gful/s
;+:yf tyf lghL If]qsf] klg uxg e"ldsf x'G5 . k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf k|of]udf
lghL If]qsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg x'G5 . To:t} gful/s hfu/0f, ;xeflutf, cleofg,
cg';Gwfg / tYofª\s ;ª\sng / ;Dkflbt sfo{df k[i7kf]if0f ug{ gful/s
;+:yfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . o:tf] sfo{of]hgf @ jif{sf] x'g] ePtf klg
sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;'¿jftL r/0fb]lv g} k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] yfngL ug'{ kb{5 .

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog eg]sf] ;f] of]hgfn] tf]s]sf] ;do / ljlwaf6 k|:tfj

ul/Psf sfo{x¿ ;~rfng ug'{ jf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' xf] . o;n] ;du|df v'nf
;/sf/sf] cjwf/0fnfO{ k|j4{g ub{5 .
jflif{s :jd"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg
;b:o /fi6«n] tof/ kfg]{ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfaf/] jflif{s¿kdf
:jd"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg (Self-Assessment Report) tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf]
k|ltj]bgdf sfo{of]hgsf] jflif{s k|lta4tf / To;pk/ ePsf] pknlAwaf/] pNn]v
ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] k|ltj]bgn] ;do;Ldf, k|lta4tf / pknlAwaf/] OdfGbf/L;fy
pNn]v ub{5 eGg] ljZjf; /fVb5 . Pp6f sfo{of]hgf sfndf b'O{j6f :jd"Nofª\sg
20
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

k|ltj]bgx¿ tof/ x'G5g\ . klxnf] k|ltjb]g sfof{Gjogsf] Ps jif{kl5 x'g] x'Fbf

o;nfO{ dWofjlw / bf];|f]nfO{ clGtd k|ltj]bgsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . clGtd
k|ltj]bgn] ;du| l;sfO{ / pknlAwaf/] pNn]v ub{5 eg] dWofjlw k|ltj]bgn]
;'wf/sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ OlËt ub{5 .

l;sfO{ / cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfg

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ljleGg b]zsf cg'ej / l;h{gfx¿nfO{
cfkm\gf] cg's"ntfdf k|of]u ug]{ / l;sfO{sf] cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu Ps dxTjk"0f{
d~rsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . o;y{ kf/blz{tf, ;'zf;g, v'nfkg cflbaf/] s'g}
klg b]zdf ePsf] pknlAw jf l;sfO{af/] cGo ;b:o /fi6«nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg]
/ c¿sf c;n cEof;af6 l;Sg] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ ;fem]bf/Lsf ;b:o /fi6«sf]
lhDd]jf/L xf] . o:tf] l;sfO{ / cg'ej cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu ;b:o /fi6«sf]
;lqmotf / :jtM:km"t{tfsf] ck]Iff ul/G5 .

:JftGq d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof

;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o /fi6«n] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L] ;lrjfnodfkm{t\ cfkm\gf
sfo{of]hgf / k|ultaf/] ul/g] :jtGq k|ltj]bg :jLsf/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;b:o /fi6«n]
to u/]sf] sfo{of]hgf / k|ultaf/] :jtGq ¿kdf lj1dfkm{t\ d"Nofª\sgsf nflu
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cGtu{t Ps Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM)
;+oGq 5 . oxL ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 ;lrjfno tyf cGo /fi6«n] s'g} klg b]zdf
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln] to u/]sf k|lta4tfsf] k|ultaf/] hfgsf/L lng;S5g\ .
:jtGq d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLn] k|To]s ;b:o /fi6«sf] sfo{ k|ultaf/] jif{sf] b'O{k6s
k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ub{5 . o:tf] k|ltj]bgn] ;b:o /fi6«n] u/]sf] c;n cEof;nfO{
k|z+;f / cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfsf] yk sfof{Gjogaf/] lg/Gt/ ems\emSofpg] ub{5 .
;fy} o;n] ;b:o /fi6«nfO{ rflxg] k|fljlws tyf cGo ;xfotf jf sfo{ ;'wf/sf]
cfjZostfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ub{5 . o; k|lqmofcGtu{t k|ltj]bgx¿ lng] /
;'emfP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug'{ ;b:o /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . o:tf k|ltj]bgx¿n]
sdhf]/L cf}+Nofpg] geO{ ;'wf/sf nflu of]ubfg ug{] p2]Zo lnPsf x'G5g\ .

21
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;b:otf z'Ns
;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] ;b:o /fi6«n] ;b:otf z'Ns a'emfpg' kb{5 . o:tf] z'Ns
;f] b]zsf] cfodf cfwfl/t eP/ to ug]{ ul/G5 / Tof] Go"gtd Pj+ ck]lIft u/L
b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . ljZj AofÍsf] dfkscg';f/ b]zx¿nfO{ Go"g, Go"g dWod,
pRr dWod / pRr cfo u/L $ ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . Go"g cfo ePsf
b]zsf] ;b:o z'Ns jflif{s Go"gtd !) xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ / ck]lIft @% xhf/
8n/ 5 . Go"g dWod cfo ePsf b]zsf nflu Go"gtd @% xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/
/ ck]lIft %) xhf/ 5 . To:t} pRr dWod cfo ePsf b]zsf nflu Go"gtd %)
xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ / ck]lIft ! nfv 5 . pRr cfo ePsf b]zsf nflu Go"gtd
! nfv / ck]lIft @ nfvcd]l/sL 8n/ 5 . ;b:otf z'Ns Pp6f k|lta4tf xf] .

22
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf g]kfn

g] kfnn] dfgjclwsf/sf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿ / e|i6frf/lj¿4sf]

dxf;lGw cg'df]bg u/L ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn;Fu dfgjclwsf/ tyf ;'zf;gsf ljljw If]qx¿df If]qLo tyf dxfb]zLo
:t/df afF8\g ldNg] lsl;dsf /fd|f cEof; tyf cg'ejx¿ 5g\ . t/ g]kfnn]
v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] ;b:o eg] alg;s]sf] 5}g .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ;+;f/sf k|rlnt ;+ljwfgx¿dWo] dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;'zf;gsf]

If]qdf k|ultzLn dflgG5 . o;n] v'nf, kf/bzL{ / nf]stflGqs zf;gnfO{ /fHosf]
gLlt tyf lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf clVtof/ u/]sf] 5 . cGo w]/} b]zsf]
t'ngfdf g]kfnsf] ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'g cu|0fL 5 . ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f
u/]sf JolQmx¿n] ;DklQ ljj/0f a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/sf] jflif{s
ah]6 tyf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs x'G5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox¿sf]
;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs x'G5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf lg0f{ox¿ ;fj{hlgs ul/G5g\ .
;/sf/n] kf/blz{tf tyf hjfkmb]xLtfsf sfg'g tyf cf}hf/x¿ k|of]udf NofPsf]
5 . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 e|i6frf/df z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] k|lta4tf k|s6 ePsf]
5 . g]kfn v'nfkgdf ljZjf; ub{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfn v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] nflu Ps ;an b]z dflgG5 .

v'nf ;/sf/ dfkb08df g]kfn

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu tf]lsPsf of]Uotfadf]lhd ;g\
@)!! b]lv g} g]kfn ;b:o aGg of]Uo 5 . ;g\ @)!( hgj/Lsf] ljZn]if0fdf
g]kfnn] dfly plNnlvt of]Uotf dfkgsf rf/dWo] ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'g
/ To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] If]qdf $, ljQLo v'nfkg;DaGwL k|Tofe"ltsf] If]qdf $,
;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] 3f]if0ff;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf/ sfof{Gjogsf] If]qdf @ /
zf;g ;~rfng k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] If]qdf # u/L !^
dWo] !# cÍ -*! Kf|ltzt_ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .

23
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

To:t} of]Uotf dfkgsf] gofF dfkb08 Value Check df klg g]kfn pQL0f{ eP/
;b:o aGg] of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5 . æv'nf ;/sf/M gful/s ;fem]bf/LÆsf] ;b:o aGg
dfkg x'g] of]Uotfdf rf/ If]qdf Go"gtd &% k|ltzt cÍ / cj:yf hfFrdf
pQL0f{ x'Gf' kb{5 .

;b:o aGg dfkg x'g] of]Uotf tflnsfdf g]kfn

qm=;+= cÍ dfkgsf ljifox¿ hDdf cÍ
!= ljQLo kf/ sfo{sf/L ah]6 n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
blz{tf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ePsf]
5–@ 5–@ $
@= cÍ dfkgsf ljifox¿ hDdf cÍ
;"rgfsf] xs ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'g sfof{Gjog ePsf]
5–$ $
#= cÍ dfkgsf ljifox¿ hDdf cÍ
;DklQ tyf ;DklQ tyf 3f]lift ;DklQ tyf
bfloTjsf] bfloTj 3f]if0ffsf] bfloTj gful/ssf]
3f]if0ff sfg"g kx'Frdf
5–@ 5}g – ) @
$= cÍ dfkgsf ljifox¿ hDdf cÍ
gful/s The Economist Intelligence Unit n]
;xeflutf k|bfg u/]sf] cÍ
!) dWo] %=%( cÍ #
hDdf cÍ !#
hDdf ;DefJo cÍ = !^ -!))Ü_

g]kfnn] k|fKt u/]sf] hDDff cÍ = !# -*!Ü_

cj:yf hfFr gful/s ;+:yf ;~rfng / Gfful/s ;+:yfdfly cj:yf
-d'No hfFr_ aGb ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f bdgsf] cj:yf
# $ pQL0f{

24
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

gful/s kxn
of] ;fem]bf/Lsf] k|d'v ljz]iftf eg]s} gful/s ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;dfgfGt/ /
;lqmo ;+nUgtfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ xf] . g]kfndf klg zf;sLo k4ltsf] ;'wf/sf
nflu gLltut cWoog, cg';Gwfg, jsfnt / cleofg rfnfpFb} cfPsf s}of}F
gful/s ;+3;+:yfx¿ ;lqmo 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ klxrfg / k|f]T;fxg u/L v'nf
;/sf/ cleofgdf PsLs[t kl/rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu k|f/lDes
kxn ;'¿ ePsf] 5 .

@)&@ d+l;/ @ ut] s]xL gful/s ;+3;+:yfsf] sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] k|f/lDes

e]nfn] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L (OGP) sf af/]df gful/s kxn cufl8 a9fpg]
;dembf/L agfPsf] 5 . ;f] ;dembf/L cg'¿k o; kxnnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg
g]kfndf ;"rgfsf] xssf] cfGbf]ngsf] Ps cu'jf / g]t[TjbfoL ;+:yf lk|m8d
kmf]/d Pj+ ;"rgfsf] xssf nflu gful/s cleofgsf cWoIf tf/fgfy bfxfnsf]
;+of]hsTjdf Ps gful/s kxn u7g klg ul/Psf] 5 .

o; kxndf kf/blz{tf, ;"rgfsf] xs, ;'zf;g, k|zf;sLo ;'wf/, ah]6 kf/blz{tf,

cf]kg 8f6f, e|i6frf/lj¿4sf] cleofg, ;fj{hlgs ljQ Joj:yfkg, O{–ueg{]G;,
;bfrf/ k4lt, gful/s ;xeflutf, ;+;bLo v'nfkg, pQ/bfloTj / hjfkmb]xLtf
Pj+ Gofodf kx'Fr tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] c;n Joj:yfkg nufotsf If]qdf
sfo{/t /fli6«o txsf / k|b]z txsf cu'jf ;+:yf, cleofgsdL{ / k|fl1s
JolQmTjx¿ ;xefuL x'g'x'G5 .

o;sf] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfpFb} nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu

of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsfx¿nfO{ o; kxndf ;d]6\g] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . o; k|of;af6
g]kfndf o; cleofgn] ult lng] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

25
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L

/ lbuf] ljsf; nIo

;+ o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo (Sustainable Devlopment

Goals) cGtu{tsf !& j6f nIodWo] !^ cf}F nIosf] cg'udg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/LnfO{ lbPsf] 5 . of] ljsf; nIo xfl;n
ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd (UNDP) v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf]
;lrjfno;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIodf Gofo, zflGt,
;dfj]zLs/0f, kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]xLtf, ;"rgfdf kx'Fr h:tf nIox¿ a'Fbf g++
!^ df ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . o; nIonfO{ cGo nIo k|flKtsf] cfwf/ / dfkb08sf
¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 .

nf]stflGqs zf;gsf] ;'lglZrttf geO{ s'g} klg ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ ;Dej
5}g eGg] cg'ejsf cfwf/df nIo g+= !^ / To;cGtu{tsf ljleGg dfkb08x¿
agfOPsf] xf] . o; cufl8sf] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo (MDG) df zf;sLo nIo
gx'Fbf ljsf;sf cGo nIo k"/f ug{ ;Ifd ;/sf/sf] cefj v6\lsPsf] lyof] .
To;}n] lbuf] ljsf; nIo (SDG) ;kmn agfpg nIo g++ !^ xfl;n ug'{ Hofb}
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . / ;f]sf nflu v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cfwf/ ;'lglZrt u/fpg'
emg\ dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] of] lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ klg
o;sf] d"No / dfGotfnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ ckl/xfo{ x'g uPsf] 5 .

nIo g+= !^M lbuf] ljsf;sf] lglDt zflGtk"0f{ / ;dfj]zL ;dfhx?sf] k|j4{g
ug]{, Goodf ;a}sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ / ;a} txx?df k|efjsf/L, hjfkmb]xL /
;dfj]zL ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

nIo g+= !^=!)= /fli6«o sfg"g / cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿ cg';f/ ;"rgfdf

;a}sf] kx'Fr / df}lns :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

26
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf tYofª\s (Open Data) v'nf ;/sf/sf] Ps k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . v'nf ;/sf/
agfpg] cfw'lgs nf]stGqsf] nf]slk|o cleofg xf] . o;af6 gful/sx¿
;a} vfn] clwgfosjfbL k|j[lQnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ . gful/snfO{
;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg ePsf] cg'e"lt lbg;Sg' g} s'g} klg nf]stflGqs /fHo /
;dfhsf] nIo xf] . h'g nIo xfl;n ug{ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] /0fgLlt
cufl8 cfPsf] xf] . lbuf] ljsf; nIo th'{df x'Fb} ubf{ nIo g+= !^ sf] kl/sNkgf
klg oxL /0fgLltsf] ;kmntfsf nflu g} ul/Psf] lyof] .

n ;g\ @))( df cd]l/sfsf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt af/fs cf]afdfn]

sfof{nodf /fi6«kltsf] kbef/ u|x0f ubf{ Pp6f sfo{sf/L cfb]zdf
x:tfIf/ ug'{eof] . Tof] lyof]— kf/blz{tf / v'nf ;/sf/ cfb]z . o;
cfb]zsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} sfof{nosf] Joj:yfkg / ah]6 k|0fnLsf]
v'nfkg a9fpg] tyf ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g adf]lhd v'nf tYofª\ssf]
cEof;nfO{ sfg'gL¿kdf k|j4{g ug]{ lyof] . of] cfb]zkl5 cd]l/sL
;/sf/n] DATA.GOV klg ;'¿ u¥of] . o;}sf] lj:tf/ x'Fb} uP/ ;g\ @)!$
df cd]l/sL ;+;bn] æl8lh6n Psfp06Llaln6L tyf 6fG;k/]G;L PS6Æ
g} kfl/t u¥of] . o;sf] p2]Zo ;/sf/sf] ah]6 / vr{sf] kf/blz{tf
;'lglZrt u/fpg' xf] . ;g\ @)!^ df Open Government Data Act g}
agfpg k|:tfj ul/of] / @)!& df of] P]g kfl/t eof] . of] v'nf ;/sf/
k|j4{gsf] cleofg xf] .

n blIf0f sf]l/ofn] ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] sfo{zn } LnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{

cleofg cGtu{t ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ cjnDag ug{ ;g\ @)!# df ljz]if
/0fgLlt ;'¿ u¥of], h;nfO{ …;/sf/ #=)Ú sfo{qmd elgG5 . ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L
sfof{nosf ;"rgfsf] l8lh6fOh]zg ug]{ / tYofª\snfO{ v'nf ug]{ cleofg
o;sf] /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu v'nf tYofª\s /0fgLlt
kl/ifb\ (Open Data Strategic Council) g} agfOPsf] 5 . / v'nf tYofª\ssf]
kxFr
' ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug{ 'Open Data Mediation Committee' g}
agfOof] . blIf0f sf]l/ofnfO{ ;/sf/n] DATA.GO.KR g} ljsf; u/]sf] 5 hxfF
;/sf/L tYofª\sdf ;xh kx'r F ;'lglZrt ePsf] 5 .
27
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;/sf/åf/f ul7t l;kmfl/;

;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg

;' zf;gsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ gful/s ;+:yfx¿sf] cg'/f]w / v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/Lsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lrjfnosf] cf}krfl/s cfdGq0f ePkl5 g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] ;b:otf k|flKt ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ lj=;+= @)&@ k'; * ut] Ps ;ldlt agfof] . /fli6«o
;"rgf cfof]usf k|d'v ;"rgf cfo'Qm s[i0fx/L af:sf]6f ;+of]hs, k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf ;lrj / k|mL8d kmf]/dsf ;+:yfks tf/fgfy bfxfn
;b:o tyf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no zf;g;'wf/ dxfzfvfsf
;x;lrj ;b:o;lrj /x]sf] ;ldlt lyof] . ;f] ;ldltn] lj=;+= @)&@ df3 !!
ut] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg a'emfof] .

;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf d'Vo aF'bfx¿ lgDg lyP M

n v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cleofgsf] ;b:o aGg' g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dks{ Pj+
;DaGw alnof] agfpg] cj;/ xf] .
n v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/LnfO{ kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug{, gful/s ;zQmLs/0f ug{,
e|i6frf/lj¿4 n8\g / ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ zf;g k|0ffnLdf clwstd ;b'kof]u
ug]{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf lng'kb{5 .
n g]kfnn] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ln] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf dfGotfnfO{ klxnfb]lv g}
k|of]udf NofO;s]sf] 5 . v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGbf /fHon] lnPsf
nIo kl/k"lt{ ug{ of]ubfg ug{;Sb5 .
n g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ / ;'zf;g;DaGwL P]g @)^$ n]
;d]t v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf dfGotfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf]df v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGbf oL P]gsf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ ug{;d]t ;xh x'Gf] b]lvG5 .
n g]kfnn] v'nf ;/sf/sf] If]qdf u/]sf /fd|f sfdx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf
k|:t't ug]{ / l;sfOsf] ;d]t cj;/ x'g] x'Fbf v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o
aGbf g]kfnnfO{ kmfObf x'g] b]lvG5 .
n ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;]jfk|jfx / ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] ;~rfngdf yk

28
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;dy{g, ;xof]u / k|fT] ;fxg k|fKt x'g5 ] . O{–ueg]G{ ; / OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t

kf/blz{tfsf dfkb08x¿ k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos jftfj/0f / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f x'g5 ] .
n e|i6frf/ 36fpg, hg;xeflutf / ;fem]bf/L a9fpg, gjLg k|ljlwx¿sf] cjnDag
a9fpg, zf;sLo sfo{Ifdtf j[l4 ug{, tYofª\sLo k4ltx¿df ;'wf/ Nofpg /
k|efjsf/L ;/sf/ ;~rfng ug{ yk an / ;dy{g k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
n /fHosf tNnf txx¿ h:t} k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ klg pQ/bfoL,
kf/bzL{, ;'zf;go'Qm / v'nfkgsf] ;+:s[ltdfkm{t\ k|efjsf/L / cg'zfl;t
agfpg cfjZos dfkb08 nfu" ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
n hjfkmb]xLtf j[l4 ug{ d2t k'Ug]5 . pbfx/0fsf nflUf, Gofofnosf] kf/blz{tf
/ hjfkmb]xLtfsf] bafa dfkm{t\ Gofodf kx'Fr a9fpg d2t k'Ug]5 eg] ;+;bLo
v'nfkgsf] ax; / cfjZos ;+oGqx¿sf] ljsf;n] hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL /
k|efjsf/L hgk|ltlglwTjsf] ;+:s[lt k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
n gful/s ;zQmLs/0f / gful/s;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Lsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'b9[ agfO{ nf]stGqnfO{
cem ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns t'Nofpg ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt x'g5] .
n nf]stGq / v'nf ;/sf/sf cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] cj:yfdf v'nf;/sf/
;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o agL cGt/f{li6«o hut\df g]kfnsf] k|lta4tf b]vfpg] cj;/
x'G5 . t;y{ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGg' g]kfnsf] nflu kmfObfhgs 5 .
n v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xefuL x'g' eg]sf] k/Dk/fut zf;g;DaGwL dfGotf /
z}nLdf Jofks ;'wf/sf] ofqf yfngL ug'{ / gofF zf;g;DaGwL ;+:s[ltsf] cjnDag
ug'{ xf] . gful/s;Fu k|ToIf ;fem]bf/L ;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t zf;g ;~rfng
ug{ tof/ x'g' xf] . o;sf nflu cfw'lgs k|ljlwn] ljsf; u/]sf] l;h{gzLntf /
cfljisf/nfO{ /fHosf] zf;g k|aGwdf clwstd ;b'kof]u ug{ cu|;/ x'g' xf] .
n g]kfnsf ;kmn k|of]ux¿M x]nf] ;/sf/, gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]ttf s]Gb|,
of]hgf th'd{ f k|lqmof, ;fj{hlgs ;'gj' fO{, ;"rgfsf] xs, ;'zf;g P]g, sfo{dn " s
n]vfk/LIf0f, t];f| ] kIfsf] cg'udg, ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldlt / ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿sf]
v'nf a}7s cjwf/0ff, gful/s a8fkq, xf]l8{Ë af]8,{ ;/sf/L sfof{non] lan
;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf nufotsf] cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
n ;/sf/ / gful/saLrsf] ljZjfl;nf] ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ k|efjsf/L kl/0ffd
lbg ;Sg] ;/sf/ / zf;g k|0ffnL ;~rfng ug]{ of] Pp6f ofqf xf] .
n o; sfo{nfO cema9L k|efjsf/L / ;dGJfofTds agfpgsf nflu Ps tof/L
;ldlt agfO sfo{ ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
n g]kfn ;/sf/ v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o aGg pko'Qm x'g]5 .
29
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L

ljZj 3f]if0ffkq
@) ;]K6]Da/, @)!!

v' nf ;/sf/ ;fEfm]bf/Lsf] ;b:osf] x}l;otn] dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL

3f]if0ffkq, e|i6frf/lj¿4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dxf;lGw, tyf dfgjclwsf/
/ c;n zf;g;DaGwL cGo cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL b:tfj]hsf l;4fGtx¿k|lt
k|lta4 xF'b}, xfdL of] :jLsf/ u5f}{+ ls ;+;f/e/sf gful/sx¿ ;/sf/df cema9L
v'nfkg dfu ub}{5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;fj{hlgs dfldnfdf gful/s ;xeflutfsf
nflu cfXJffg ub}{5g\, / cfKfm\Gff ;/sf/x¿nfO{ yk kf/bzL{, pQ/bfoL, hjfkmb]xL
/ k|efjsf/L agfpg] pkfo vf]Hb}5g\ .

xfdL of] dfG5f}}+ ls ;/sf/df v'nfkg k|j4{g ug]{ k|of;df b]zx¿ ljleGg
r/0fdf 5g\ / xfdL x/]sn] xfd|f /fli6«o k|fyldstfx¿ / kl/j]zx¿ tyf xfd|f
gful/sx¿sf rfxgfadf]lhdsf k4lt cjnDag u5f}{+ .

xfdL kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug{, e|i6frf/lj¿4 n8\g, gful/snfO{ ;an agfpg

/;/sf/nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L / hjfkmb]xL agfpg gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ of]
cj;/ pkof]u ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lnG5f}}F .

xfdL ;]jf ;'wf/ ug{, ;fj{hlgs ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ug{, gjLgtf k|j4{g ug{, /
yk;'/lIft ;d'bfox¿ lgdf{0f ug{ gful/sx¿;Fusf] xfd|f] v'nf ;+nUgtfsf]dxTjsf]
;dy{g u5f}+{ .

xfd|f b]zx¿df / a9\bf] 9ª\un] Pscfk;df cfa4 ;+;f/s} yk ;d[l4, sNof0f

/ dfgjsf] cfTd;Ddfg xfl;n ug{ xfdL kf/blz{tf / v'nf;/sf/sf] l;4fGtx¿
clËsf/ u5f}F{ .

30
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

xfdL ;+o'Qm ¿kdf lgDGf s'/fdf k|lta4tf JoQm u5f{}F . ;/sf/L lqmofsnfk;DaGwL
;"rgfsf] pknAwtfdf j[l4 ug{ ;/sf/n] gful/ssf] tkm{af6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng
ug]{ / /fVg] ub{5 / gful/sx¿nfO{;/sf/L lqmofsnfk;DaGwL ;"rgf dfUg] xs
x'G5 .

xfdL ;/sf/sf x/]s txsf lqmofsnfk;DaGwL ;"rgfdf kxF'r j[l4 ug]{ tyf
hfgsf/Ldf Nofpg] sfo{ k|j4{g ug{ k|lta4 5f}}+F .

xfdL cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf lqmofsnfkx¿df ;/sf/L vr{/ sfo{

;Dkfbg;DaGwL tYofª\s Jojl:yt 9ª\un] ;ª\sng / k|sfzg ug{ k|of; j[l4
ug]{ k|lta4tf u5f{}+ . ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;lhn} e]§fpg], a'em\g] / k|of]u ug{;Sg]
/k'gM k|of]usf] nflu ;xh x'g] 9fFrfdf a9L dxTj ePsf ;"rgfsf ;fy} ck|zf]lwt
tYofª\s plrt ;dodf ;lqmo tl/sfn] pknAWf u/fpg] afrf u5f{}+ . olb ;"rgf
jf To;;Fu ;DalGwt ljj/0fx¿ cg'lrt 9ª\un] :yug u/]sf] kfOPdf xfdL
To;sf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/df kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{'sf] ;fy} d2tsf]
k|lqmofdf k|efjsf/L lgu/fgL klg u5f}+{ .

xfdL ;fj{hlgs tYofª\sdf gful/s ;dfhsf] kx'Fr k|j4{g tyf ;/sf/L ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] cGt/;~rfngsf] k|of]udf ;xhLs/0f ug{ v'nf dfkb08sf] dxTjnfO{
xfdL dfGotf lbG5f}+ .

xfdL ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ;"rgf klxrfgsf nflu

pgLx¿af6} hfgsf/L dfUg k|lta4 5f}+ / ;f] hfgsf/LnfO{ oyf;Dej Wofgdf
/fVg] k|0f klg u5f}{+ .
gful/s ;xeflutfdf ;xof]u
xfdL lg0f{o u/fOdf / gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;Dk"0f{ gful/ssf] ;dfg / ljgfe]befj
;fj{hlgs ;xeflutfnfO{ dxTj lbG5f}+ . dlxnfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf ;lxtsf]
;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] ;+nUgtfn] ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ub{5 h;n]
gful/ssf] 1fg, ljrf/ / lgu/fgL ug]{ Ifdtfaf6 nfEf lnG5 .

31
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;fj{hlgs ;"rgf dfUg / ;/sf/L qmofsnfkx¿sf] of]hgf agfpg, cg'udg

tyf d"Nofª\sg ug{ gofF dfWod l;h{gf / k|of]u ub}{ gLltlgdf{0f / lg0f{o
u/fOnfO{ cema9L kf/bzL{ agfpg jfrf u5f{}+ .

cleJolQm, ;Ë7g tyf ljrf/sf] :jtGqtfk|ltsf] xfd|f] k|lta4tf;Fu d]nvfg] u/L

gfkmf/lxt tyf gful/s ;+:yfx¿sf] ;~rfng IfdtfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ k|lta4tf
JoSt u5f}{+ .

;/sf/ / gful/s ;dfh tyf Joj;fox¿aLr cem a9L ;xsfo{sf nflu

;3fpg;+oGqx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .

;Dk"0f{ k|zf;gdf pRrtd :t/sf] k]zfut ;bfrf/

hjfkmb]xL ;/sf/sf cfkm\gf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf nflu pRr g}lts dfkb08
tyf cfrf/;+lxtf cfjZos kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs ljQ Joj:yfkg, ;/sf/L vl/b tyf
sfg'gL zf;gsf] ;anLs/0fdf kf/blz{tf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu Ef|i6frf/lj/f]wL
zlQmzfnL gLlt, ;+oGq tyf cEof; agfpg xfdL sl6a4 5f}+ .

b]zsf pRr:t/Lo ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf] cfDbfgL tyf ;DklQ;DaGwL ;"rgf

;fj{hlgs ug{ sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf jf lg/Gt/tfsf nflu xfdL k|lta4
5f}+ .

zÎ3f]if (whistle blow) ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;+/If0fsf nflu sfg'g agfpg / To;nfO{
nfu" ug{ xfdL k|lta4tf hfx]/ u5f}{+ .

xfdL sfg'g sfof{Gjog;DaGwL lglZrt ;"rgfsf] uf]kgLotfsf] ;Ddfg

ub}{ xfd|f] e|i6frf/lj/f]wL / sfg'g nfu" ug]{ lgsfox¿ tyf tL lgsfox¿;Fu
dflug];xof]usf] sfo{ljlw;DaGwL ;"rgf gful/snfO{ pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf
u5f}{+ .

;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qdf x'g] 3';vf]/L tyf cGo :j¿Kfsf e|i6frf/ lgjf/sx¿
j[l4 ug{ tyf ;"rgf / ljz]if1tf cfbfgk|bfg ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .
32
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nfkg / hjfkmb]xLtfsf nflu gof“ k|ljlwdf kx'“r j[l4

gofF k|ljlwx¿n] ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;fj{hlgs ;xeflutf tyf ;xsfo{sf
nflu cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 .

oL k|ljlwx¿ pkof]u u/L xfdL cema9L ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs u/L gful/snfO{

cfkm\gf] ;/sf/n] s] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] a'em\g tyf ;/sf/n] ug]{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{
k|efj kfg]{ 9ª\un] ;an agfp5f}+ .

;]jf k|bfg ug{sf nflu d~rsf] ¿kdf kx'FRfof]Uo / ;'/lIft ljB'tLo :yfg ljsf;
ug{ k|lta4 5f}+ h;af6 gful/snfO{ ;+nUGf u/L ;"rgf / ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg
ul/G5 .

xfdL of] dfG5f}+ ls k|ljlwsf] ;dtfd"ns / wfGg ;Sg] kx'Fr Pp6f r'gf}tL xf] /
gful/s ;+nUgtfsf] j}slNks ;+oGqsf] klxrfg / k|j4{g ub}{ a9\bf] ljB'tLo tyf
df]afOn ;Dks{ ug{ sl6a4 5f}+ .

xfdL gful/snfO{ ;zQmLs/0f ug{ tyf ;/sf/L sfo{sf] kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug{
gofF k|ljlwx¿sf] dfWodaf6 gful/s ;dfh / lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fO
k|efjsf/L cEof;x¿ tyf gjLgtd k4ltx¿ Klxrfg ug{ k|lta4 5f}+ .

xfdL of] s'/f dfG5f}+ ls k|ljlwdf kx'Fr j[l4 ug{' eg]sf] ;/sf/ / gful/snfO{
o;sf] k|of]u ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] .

xfdL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / gful/sn] ug]{ k|fljlws gjLgtfsf] k|of]udf ;dfg

¿kn] ;xof]u / ljsf; ug{ k|lta4 5f}+ .

xfdL of] klg hfGb5f}+ ls :ki6, k|of]uof]Uo tyf pkof]uL ;"rgfsf nflu k|ljlw
Ps kl/k"/s xf], k|lt:yfks xf]Og .

xfdL of] :jLsf5f}{+ ls v'nf ;/sf/ Pp6f k|lqmof xf] h;sf nflu lg/Gt/ / lbuf]
k|lta4tf cfjZos k5{ .
33
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

oL l;4fGtx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{ rflnPsf sbdx¿af/] ;fj{hlgs¿kdf

k|ltj]bg lbg, tL sfo{x¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf gful/s;Fu k/fdz{ ug{ tyf gofF
r'gf}tL / ;Defjgfx¿sf] cfwf/df xfd|f k|lta4tf cWofjlws ug{ sl6a4 5f}+ .

cGo b]zx¿df v'nf ;/sf/nfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;jf]{Qd cEof; tyf ljz]if1tfsf]
cfbfgk|bfg / of] 3f]if0ffdf JoQm k|lta4Tffx¿ afWosf/L gx'g] / :j]lR5s
cfwf/df ug{, pbfx/0fdfkm{t\ g]t[Tj ug{ / o;df of]ubfg ug{ arga4 5f}+ .

xfd|f] p2]Zo gjLgtfnfO{ k]|l/t ug]{, k|ultnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] / b]zx¿nfO{

lbOg] ;xof]u jf ltgsf] :t/Ls/0fnfO{ kl/eflift ug]{ dfkb08 agfpg] xf]Og .
j[xQ/ k4ltsf] v'nfkgfsf] k|j4{g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;Ë7g lgdf{0fdf k|fKt
k|fljlws ;xof]usf] dxTjdf hf]8 lbGf' xf] .

xfd|f cGt/f{li6«o ;+nUgtfdf oL l;4fGtx¿ cg'z/0f ug{ k|lta4 5f}+ /

v'nf;/sf/sf] ljZjJofkL ;+:s[ltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u5f}{+ tfls To;n] gful/sx¿nfO{
;zQm agfpF5, ;]jf k|bfg ub{5 / @! cf}F ztfAbLsf] v'nf / ;xeflutfd"ns
;/sf/sf cfbz{x¿nfO{ cl3 a9fpF5 .

34
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

efu @

v'nf ;+;b

35
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nf ;+;bsf] cjwf/0ff

/f Hosf ljleGg cËx¿sf] kf/blz{tf / gful/sk|ltsf] hjfkmb]xLtf
nf]stGqsf] cfwf/ :tDe xf] . hgtfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] hgrfxgfnfO{
ljlwsf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;/sf/sf ultljlwsf] lgu/fgL ub}{ /fHosf ;fwg
;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt pkof]usf nflu e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ljwflosL lgsfo, ;+;bsf]
kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqdf Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

;+;bLo sf/afxLx¿ v'nf¿kdf x'g] dfGotf ljZjJofkL¿kdf g} :jLsf/ e};s]sf]

5 . tyflk ;'/Iff ;+j]bgzLntf / cfd dflg;sf] kx'FraLrsf] åGådf ;+;bLo
v'nfkgsf sltko dfldnfx¿df cfdwf/0ff Pp6} alg;s]sf] 5}g . oL b'j}
dfGotfsf] ;Gt'ngdf ;+;b ;lrjfno jf ;+;b k|zf;gn] km/s–km/s gjLg
cEof; / k|rng cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ .

;}4flGts¿kdf ;+;bLo ultljlw / lg0f{ox¿ cfd dflg;sf nflu v'nf /xg]

dfGotf ePklg Jojxf/df of] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ eg] s}of}+ sl7gfOx¿
b]lvG5g . o;} sf/0f ljZje/L g} v'nf / hjfkmb]xL ;+;b;DaGwL dfkb08x¿
to u/L cEof;df Nofpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

kl5Nnf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf; qmddf ;+;bLo k|lqmofx¿ cfd gful/ssf nflu v'nf
/xg] ljifon] ;+j}wflgs xssf ¿kdf klg dfGotf kfpg yfn]sf] kfOG5 . blIf0f
clk|msfsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;+;bLo k|lqmofaf/] gful/ssf] kx'FrnfO{ ef}lts¿kdf g}
s]xL j}w ;Ldfx¿ ;lxt ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .

Joxf/df ;a} dflg; ;+;b x]g{, 3'Dg / pkl:yt x'g cfpFb}gg\, ;+;bsf ultljlwaf/]]
pgLx¿sf] rf;f]sf] ef]s cfd;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6 k"/f ub{5g\ . To;}n] ;+;bLo
v'nfkgsf] klxnf] cfwf/ eg]s} ;+;bsf a}7sx¿ / ;"rgfdf k|];sf] kx'Fr slQsf]
;'lglZrt 5 eg]/ x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;+;bLo lqmofsnfkaf/] cfd dflg;nfO{ ;';"lrt

36
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ug{'kg]{ bfloTj lgM;Gb]x k|];dfly 5 . Joxf/df ;a} dflg; ;+;b x]g{, 3'Dg
t/ ;+;b cfkm}Fn] k|];nfO{ ;f] k|lqmofdf / pkl:yt x'g cfpFb}gg\, ;+;bsf
;xh cj:yf agfpg' k"j{zt{ xf] . ultljlwaf/]] pgLx¿sf] rf;f]sf]
ef]s cfd;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6 k"/f
cfd dflg;nfO{ ;+;bLo k|lqmofaf/] ub{5g\ . To;}n] ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf]
;";'lrt u/fP/ b]zsf ;fj{hlgs klxnf] cfwf/ eg]s} ;+;bsf
dfldnfdf pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf a}7sx¿ / ;"rgfdf k|];sf] kx'Fr
clej[l4u/fpg] k|fylds bfloTj slQsf] ;'lglZrt 5 eg]/ x]g'{kg]{
;+;b :jo+sf] xf] . To;}n] k|];dfkm{t\ x'G5 . ;+;bLo lqmofsnfkaf/] cfd
dfq ge} ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pknAw dflg;nfO{ ;';"lrt ug{'kg]{ bfloTj
cfw'lgs cj;/nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ tyf lgM;Gb]x k|];dfly 5 . t/ ;+;b
;+;bLo dfldnfsf ax;df ljleGg cfkm}Fn] k|];nfO{ ;f] k|lqmofdf ;xh
pd]/, ju{ / ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ cj:yf agfpg' k"j{zt{ xf] .
;+nUg u/fpg l;h{gzLn sfo{qmdx¿
;~rfng ug{ ;+;b k|zf;g cu|;/
/xg' kb{5 .

c+u|]hLsf] Parliament zAb k|mfG;]nL efiffsf] Parlement zAbaf6 cfPsf] xf]

h;sf] cy{ 5nkmn jf s'/fsfgL x'G5 . o'/f]ksf] Oltxf;df *)) jif{eGbf
cl3b]lv /fHosf ultljlwx¿sf] 5nkmnsf nflu of] zAb k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
w]/}cl3 ;+;bsf] klxnf] a}7s O+UNof08sf] j]:6ldG:6/df ;g\ !@^% df ePsf]
kfOG5 . ljkIfL bnx¿n] xltof/åf/f geO{ jftf{åf/f cfkm\gf dte]bsf] ;dfwfg
vf]Hg k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGq cEof;df cfPsf] xf] . To;}n] ;+;bdf zAbx¿
dfq x'G5g\, ax; / ;+jfb x'G5 .

;+;bLo cEof;sf]Oltxf; cf7 ;o jif{ x'g nfu]klg k|];nfO{ 5'§} :yfg -Uofn/L_
lbg] k|rng ;'¿ ePsf] b'O{ ;o jif{ dfq ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !^** sf] Bill of
Rights n] af]Ng kfpg] :jtGqtf lbPklg a]nfotL k|hftGqdf klg v'nfkgsf]

37
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+:s[ltn] k|j]z kfpg csf]{ Ps ztfAbL nfUof] . ;+;bsf ultljlw / lg0f{oaf/]

cfd dflg;nfO{ hfGg]–yfxf kfpg] cj:yf x'g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf ;qf}+ ztfAbLsf]
cGTolt/ cfP/ :yflkt ePsf] xf] . ;g\ !^*) df a]nfotL ;+;b xfp; ckm
sdG;n] cfˆgf] 5nkmn, dtbfg / k|lqmofsf af/]sf ultljlwsf] clen]v b}lgs
agfpg] / 5fKg] lg0f{o u¥of] . Tof] cufl8 ;+;bsf 5nkmn / lg0f{o aflx/
Nofpg x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf lyof] .

cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf hgk|ltlglwn] ;+;bsf ultljlw aflx/ NofPsf]df

;Dkfbg u/]sf sfd hgrfxgf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ /f]s ;d]t
adf]lhd eP ePgg\ eGg] s'/f nufOPsf] Oltxf; 5 . ;g\ !&(!
d"Nofª\sg x'g cfjZos 5 . af6 dfq ;+;bdf k|];sf] Uofn/L
o:tf] d"Nofª\sgn] s]jn c;n / /fVg] dfGotf kfPsf] xf] . ;g\ !*)#
v/fa k|ltlglw 5'6\ofpg] dfq geO df xfp; ckm sdG;df l/kf]6{/
;j{;fwf/0f gful/sn] cg'ej ug]{ Uofn/L agfP/ kqsf/nfO{ kx'Fr
u/L sfd ug{ g;Sg] tyf cg'Q/bfoL lbg yflnof] . ;g\ !()( af6 dfq}
JolQm k'gM lgjf{lrt x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ a]nfotL ;+;bn] cfˆg} l/kf]l6{Ë
;d]t lg¿T;flxt ub{5 . :6fkm /fv]/ clen]v ;'/lIft agfpg]
k|rng ;'¿ u¥of] .

!&cfF} ztfAbLdf a]nfotsf] k|l;4 klqsf uflh{ogsf kqsf/ hf]g ljNsn] nfd}
;ª\3if{ ug{ k¥of] . ;+;bsf hgk|ltlglwsf sfdsf af/]df hgtfn] hfGg kfpg] /
klqsfn] n]Vg kfpg] ljifo :jLsf/ u/fpg a]nfotL kqsf/ / ;f+;bx¿n] s}of}+
lgsfo / /fhf;Fu ;d]t ;ª\3if{ ug{' k/]sf] lyof] . a]nfotdf xfp; ckm sdG; /
xfp; ckm n8\{;sf ax;x¿ h:tfsf] To:t} l6kf]6 u/]/ ljt/0f ul/G5 h;nfO{
æXofg;8{Æ elgG5 . k|sfzs yf]d; s;{g Xofg;8{sf] k|of;df ;g\ !*!@ df
of] k/Dk/f z'¿ ePsf] xf] . o:tf] k/Dk/f ;+;bLo Joj:yf ePsf cGo b]zdf
klg cg's/0f ul/of] .

38
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

lgjf{rg k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLsf] hu a;fpg] ;j{:jLsfo{ k4lt

xf] . vf; cGt/fndf /fHosf ljleGg lgsfoaf6 hgtfsf] nf]slk|o dt k|fKt
u/L k|ltlglwx¿ Rfog x'G5g\ . To;}n] o;/L cfpg] k|ltlglwx¿ ;+;b÷ljwflosL
lgsfodf vf; cjlwsf nflu dfq of]Uo x'G5g\ . hgk|ltlglwn] ;+;bdf gful/ssf]
cfjfhnfO{ d'vl/t ug{'kg]{ /fhgLlts, sfg'gL tyf Jojxfl/s bfloTj /xG5 .

cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf hgk|ltlglwn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfd hgrfxgf adf]lhd eP

ePgg\ eGg] s'/f d"Nofª\sg x'g cfjZos 5 . o:tf] d"Nofª\sgn] s]jn c;n
/ v/fa k|ltlglw 5'6\ofpg] dfq geO ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sn] cg'ej ug]{ u/L
sfd ug{ g;Sg] tyf cg'Q/bfoL JolQm k'gM lgjf{lrt x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;d]t
lg¿T;flxt ub{5 .

ha;Dd cfd hgtf ;+;bsf sfd / ;"rgfaf/] k"0f{tM hfgsf/ x'bF g} g ta;Dd
pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx¿dfkm{t\ x'g] lg0f{oaf/]] hfgsf/L kfpg] plrt k|aGw x'g'
kb{5 . ;';l" rt dtbftfn] cfkm\gf k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs dfldnfdf ;xeflutfsf]
;Gt'i6L kfpg ;+;bn] clwstd v'nfkgsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9fpg' kb{5 .

nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL / /fhgLltk|lt gful/ssf] ljZjf;nfO{ yk prfOdf k'¥ofpg

;a} kIfaf6 yk sfo{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . ljZjf;sf ;ª\s6 36fO{ /fHo–gful/s
;DaGw alnof] agfpg bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/sf] /fd|f] ;+oGqn] s]xL ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
;Sb5 . t;y{ ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] j[xQ/ cjwf/0ff cfTd;ft ub}{ hgk|ltlglw
;+:yf clwstd v'nf eP/ lqmofzLn x'g'kg]{ dfGotf cufl8 cfPsf] xf] .

39
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf k|dv

' cfwf/x¿

c Gt/ Joj:yflksf kl/ifb OG6/ kfln{ofd]G6«L o'lgog -cfOlko'_ ;g\ !**(

df :yflkt ePsf] ljZjsf ;+;bx¿sf] ;femf ;+u7g xf] . of] ax'/f{li6«o
/fhgLlts ;+:yf Pp6f :yfoL /fhgLlts ;+oGq xf] . o; ;+:yfn] /fhgLlts
dfGotf / ;+oGqx¿sf] af/]df ljleGg ;femf l;4fGtx¿ :yflkt ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . ;+;bLo cEof;, ;+;bx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf / k|ultzLn kl/jt{gnfO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg ljleGg If]q / ljifodf o; o'lgogn] ljleGg dfGotfx¿ th'{df u/]sf]
5 . o; qmddf ;+;bLo kf/blz{tf, ;+;bLo ultljlwdf gful/s ;xeflutf tyf
;+;bLo clen]v Pj+ ;"rgfx¿sf] e08f/ dflgg] k':tsfnosf] l8lh6fOh]zg
nufotsf ljleGg ljifodf dfkb08x¿ ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+;b klg
cfOlko'df ;lqmo ;xefuL /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

cGt/ Joj:yflksf kl/ifb\n] ;+;bsf] v'nfkg / kf/blz{tfaf/] c;n cEof;

lbUbz{g ;d]t agfPsf] 5 . h;sf cfwf/df ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf k|d'v cfwf/x¿
o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\M

n kqsf/x¿ / ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf nflu Jojxfl/s ;xh kx'Fr,

n ;"rgfsf] xssf] sfg'gL bfloTjsf] kfngf tyf v'nf tYofª\sx¿sf] pknAwtf,
n cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] /Iff / ;Ddfg,
n ;fj{hlgs k|zf/0f ;]jf ;lxt ax'n cfd;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] kxF'rsf] sfg'gL
;'lglZrttf,
n ;"rgf k|ljlwsf dfWod, h:t} j]a;fO6, PK;, ;f];n ldl8of cflbsf] clwstd
;b'kof]u,
n hgtf;Fu ;f+;b, h:t} o'jf, ljBfyL{ cflb ;d"x;Fu ;+;bLo gd"gf cEof;,
n sfg'g kfl/t k|lqmofdf hgtf;Fusf] k/fdz{

40
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

pk/f]Qm cEof;nfO{ lsg ;'b[9 ug]{ eGg] k|Zg;Fu} ;+;bLo kf/blz{tfsf] dxTjsf]
d"Nosf] vf]hL x'g' :jfefljs x'G5 .

;+;bsf] kf/blz{tfn] ;+;bnfO{ dtbftf;Fu glhs NofpF5 . gful/ssf] ;xeflutf

a9\g] / To:tf] ;xeflutf klg cy{k"0f{ x'g] x'gfn] ;+;bsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9\g
k'U5 .

v'nf ;+;bsf lgDg rf/ vDaf x'G5g\,

!_ kf/blz{tf
@_ pQ/bfloTj
#_ gful/s ;xeflutf
$_ ;bfrf/

nf]stGqsf] k|d'v ;+/rgf eg]s} ;+;b xf] . :jtGq / lg:kIf lgjf{rgåf/f

r'lgPsf hgk|ltlglwn] zf;g ;+oGqx¿ lgdf{0f u/L cfkm"dfkm{t\ hgtfk|lt
pQ/bfoL agfpg] k|0ffnLx¿ ;'lglZrt ug'{ g} nf]stGq xf] .

o:tf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfo cfkm" :jo+ klg ;bf hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL / pQ/bfoL
aGg ;Sg' kb{5 . ;+;b klg ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L aGg' cfjZos 5 . ;bfrf/L
/ cfbz{jfg Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{ k¥of] . hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t /xg k¥of] .
/, tf]lsPsf sfd–st{Jo, OdfGbf/L / bIftfk"j{s ;DkGg ul/g' k¥of] . oxL
dfGotfnfO{ g} Ps c;n ;+;b jf v'nf ;+;b x'g'sf] cy{df a'em\g ;lsG5 .

;+;b hgtfsf] k|ltlglwx¿n] hgtfsf nflu sfg'g agfpg] :yfg ePsf] x'Fbf
of] hgtfsf] kx'Frdf x'g' kb{5 . ;+;b dfu{bz{s ePsf] x'Fbf cGo lgsfosf]
kf/blz{tfsf nflu klg ;+;b cfkm}Fn] kf/bzL{ eP/ sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . ;+;bdf
b]zsf ;a} hgtfsf] ;dfg kx'Frsf nflu klg ;+;bn] kf/bzL{ eP/ sfo{ ug'{
kb{5 .

41
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;b ;b:onfO{ hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL agfpg / lg/Gt/ cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L af]w

u/fpg,:yflkt dfkb08 tyf Jojxfl/s¿kdf c;n / v/fa ug]{ ;+;b ;b:osf]
aLrdf leGgtf b]vfpg, ;+;bsf] lg/Gt/ sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg, nf]stGqnfO{
Jojxfl/s¿kdf k|of]u u/fpg, hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf k|ltlglwk|ltsf] ljZjf; a9fpg /
;+;bsf] u/Ldf a9fpg ;+;bn] kf/bzL{ x'g' kb{5 . ;+;b nf]stGqsf] k|ltkmn xf] /
nf]stGqdf gful/ssf] ;';l" rt x'g] s'/f cfwf/e"t zt{ xf] .

;+;bLo v'nfkgn]] ;fj{hlgs gLltx¿ h:t} ah]6 / sfg'g hgtfsf] clwstd lxt
x'gu] /L agfpg d2t k'Ub5 . ;/sf/ / :jo+ ;+;bsf sfd–sf/afxLsf] lgu/fgL
ug{ / d"Nofª\sg ug{ hgtfnfO{ ;xh x'G5 . hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff / ck]Iff cg'¿k
gLlt–lg0f{o ug{ ;Ifd x'bF f hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf] dfqf klg a9\5 . gful/s /
/fHosf] ;DaGwdf a9\bf] ljZj;lgotfn] ;du| /fi6« g} ;'b9[ x'g k'Ub5 .

v'nfkgn] v/fa lgot / :jfy{x¿nfO{ gLlt th{'dfdf k|efj kfg{af6 /f]Sg

;Sb5 . e|i6 cfr/0f / k|j[lQnfO{ lg¿T;flxt kfb{5 . /, ;du|df p2]Zok"/s /
kl/0ffd'vL sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ ;xh agfOlbG5 .

Pp6f ;zQm / ;Ifd ;+;bsf cfwf/e"t rl/q eg]s} kf/bzL{ x'g', pQ/bfoL
aGg' / ;dfj]zL cfjfhnfO{ k|ltlglwTj lbg' xf] . kf/blz{tfsf] cy{ lg0f{ox¿sf]
v'nf;f dfq xf]Og, k|lqmofdf g} ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/ l;h{gf ug]{u/L ;du| lg0f{o
k|lqmof g} kf/bzL{ x'g' xf] . j}w lhDd]jf/Lsf] ;Dkfbg ubf{ klg ;xdlt / km/s
ljrf/sf] ;Daf]wgsf] ;+j]bglzntf cjnDag ug'{ Ps ;kmn ;+;bsf] cfwf/e"t
rl/q xf] elgG5 .

42
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bsf] gful/s lgu/fgL

;+ ;bsf] hjfkmb]xLtf a9fpgsf nflu / /fhgLltdf pQ/bfoLkgf Pj+

:jR5tf cfcf];\ eGgsf nflu ;+;bLo lqmofsnfkdf gful/s ;dfhsf
;+:yfx¿n] ;lqmo lgu/fgL ug'{kg{] dfGotf klg k|an aGb} uPsf] 5 .

cfd;~rf/sf dfWodsf] lgu/fgLn] dfq gk'Ug] gful/s ;+:yfx¿n] g} ;+;bLo

tYofª\s / ;"rgfsf cfwf/df k|df0fdf cfwfl/t d"Nofª\sg tyf cg'udgsf
kxnx¿ ;~rfng ul//x]sf ljleGg cEof;x¿ klg 5g\ . g]kfndf ;+;bLo
lgu/fgLsf nflu gful/s ;+3–;+:yfx¿n] ;+ul7t kxn ;'¿ u/]sf 5}gg\ .
gful/ssf] ;lqmo lgu/fgLn] kf/blz{tf, ;xeflutf, hjfkmb]xLtf / ;dfj]zLkgdf
of]ubfg k'Ub5 .

;f+;bx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug{] bfloTj ;DalGwt bnsf] dfq xf]Og .

k|]; / gful/s ;dfhn] of] bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ r's]df cfd dtbftf ;';"lrt
dtbfg ug{af6 k|efljt x'g k'U5g\ . ;';"lrt 5gf}6n] dfq k|ltlglwd"ns
nf]stGqnfO{ hLjGt / oyfy{ k|ltlglwTjsf] jftfj/0f k|bfg ub5{ . t;y{
;f+;bx¿sf] lgu/fgLdf gful/s e"ldsfsf] cxd\ dxTj 5 / v'nf ;+;b ePdfq
gful/sn] cfjZos ;"rgf / tYofª\sdf kx'Fr kfP/ k|df0fdf cfwfl/t jsfnt
/ k}/jL ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ .

gful/sn] ;f+;bx¿sf lgDg kIfx¿df v'nfkgsf] dfu ug{ ;Sb5g\ . h;af6

k|fKt ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;f+;bx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] tYodf cfwfl/t
d"Nofª\sg ug{ kfpF5g\ . tL kIfx¿dWo] ;f+;bx¿sf] JolQmut tyf /fhgLlts
k[i7e"ld h:t}– :jfy{ aflemg] ;+nUgtf, k]zf, ;DklQ / s/;DaGwL hfgsf/L,
ck/fwhGo cleof]u, z}lIfs Pj+ k|fl1s Ifdtf cflb .

43
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

o:t} ;+;bleq pgLx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg h:t}– pkl:ylt, JoQm wf/0ff tyf

ljrf/, gLltut ljz]if1tf, ah]6 tyf sfg'g th{'dfdf k'¥ofPsf] e"ldsf, ljz]if
k|:tfjx¿ tyf ljw]os pk/sf] sf/afxLdf ;+nUgtf cflb kb{5g\ .

Pp6f hgk|ltlglwsf ¿kdf dtbftf / lgjf{rg If]q;Fusf] ;DaGw, cGt/lqmof

lg:kIftf h:tf hg;Dk{ssf cfwf/x¿ klg lgu/fgLsf If]qx¿ x'g\ eg]
;f+;bx¿nfO{ ah]6dfkm{t\ g} lgjf{rg If]q s]lGb|t ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdx¿
ljlgof]lht x'g] k|rngn] ubf{ ;f];DaGwL sfo{;Dkfbgsf If]qklg gful/s
lgu/fgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfofd x'g;S5g\ . t;y{ tL ljifosf tYofª\s / ;"rgfsf]
Jojl:yt Pj+ To;dfly k|]; / gful/ssf] ;xh kx'Frsf] k|aGwn] dfq v'nf
;+;bsf] efjgfnfO{ ;sf/fTds agfpg ;Sb5 .

Hfgk|ltlglwåf/f cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf ;Dkflbt sfdnfO{ d"Nofª\sg ubf{ k|ltlglwn]

u/]sf k|To]s sfdsf] glhsaf6 ljxª\ud cWoog ug{' kb{5 . ;+;bdf lgjf{lrt
k|ltlglwsf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / c;n, v/fa tyf
hjfkmb]xL k|ltlglw 5'6\ofpg] d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnf dtbftf g} x'g\ .

g]kfndf ;+;b ;b:ox¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{

cToGt cfjZos e};s]sf] 5 . cGttM ;+;bLo ultljlw / ;+;b ;b:osf] gful/s
cg'udg ug]{ of] cf}hf/sf] k|of]un] k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqsf] pQ/bfoLkgfnfO{
;d[4 agfpF5 .

44
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

g]kfndf ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] ;Gbe{

g] kfndf ;+;bLo cEof; ;'¿ ePsf] kfFr bzs k'lu;s]sf] ePklg o;n]
cem} v'nfkgn] ;+:yfut ¿k lng ;s]sf] 5}g . cg]s k|sf/sf /fhgLlts
ptf/r9fj, k|of]u / cl:y/tfsf sf/0f gful/s txdf ;+;b tyf ;+;bLo
ultljlwsf] kf/bzL{ 9ª\un] ;"rgf lbg] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ;+ul7t / k|efjsf/L
cem} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

;+ljwfg;efn] th'{df u/]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ g]kfn ;ª\3Lo /fHodf

¿kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . ;ª\3Lo b]zx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ;+;bLo nf]stGqaf6 dfq
x'g;Sg] x'gfn] kl/jlt{t g]kfn /fHosf nflu ;+;bsf] ;fGble{stf / dxTj emg\
a9]/ uPsf] 5 .

;ª\3Lo g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo cyf{t\ ;ª\3Lo txdf /fli6«o ;ef -dflyNnf] ;bg_ /
k|ltlglw ;ef -tNnf] ;bg_ /x]sf] b'O{ ;bgfTds ;+;bLo ;+/rgf 5 eg];ft
k|b]zdf k|b]z ;ef 5g\ .

;+ljwfgn] lglb{i6 u/] cg';f/sf] ljwflosL bfloTj / lgjf{x ug{ tyf b'j} txsf]
;/sf/ lgdf{0f / lgoGq0fsf nflu ;ª\3Lo ;+;b / k|b]z ;efx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
oL ;du| ;+;bLo ;+/rgfx¿ Ps} k|sf/sf] d"NodfGotf / l;4fGtdf ;~rflnt
x'G5g\ . oL ;a}df kf/blz{tf / v'nfkgsf] clej[l4sf] ;Gbe{ g} g]kfndf ;+;bLo
v'nfkgsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

x'gt, :yfgLo txdf klg ljwflosL ;+/rgf 5g\ . &%# kflnsf txdf /x]sf
kl/ifb\x¿ :yfgLo ;+;b x'g\ hxfFaf6 P]g th'{df ul/G5, ah]6 5nkmn / kfl/t
x'G5 . oL ;+/rgfx¿sf] ;~rfngdf klg ;+;bLo k/Dk/f / z}nL cjnDag xf];\
eGg] ;bLIff ;+ljwfg lgdf{tfx¿sf] /x]sf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . kflnsf txsf ;+;bLo

45
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

sf/afxLx¿ klg kf/bzL{ ag'g\, pQ/bfoL x'g\ / ToxfF klg hg;xeflutfsf]

cj;/ km/flsnf] xf];\,a}7s k|lqmof / ;"rgfdf k|;
] sf nflu ;xh kx'Fr xf];\
eg]/ rrf{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

t;y{ gful/s;dIf ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg, ;+;bLo k|lqmofdf

;xeflutfsf nflu gful/ssf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ tyf ;+;bLo pQ/bfloTjsf]
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;+;bLo v'nfkg ;DaGwL ax; g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
pkof]uL x'g ;Sg]5 .

;+;bLo v'nfkgnfO{ a9fjf lbg, v'nfkgn] gful/ssf] /fhgLlts ;xeflutfnfO{

Aofks agfpg, k|ltlglwd"ns lgsfox¿nfO{ cem lhDd]jf/ agfpg tyf cGttM
Ps ;d'Ggt nf]stflGqs ;dfh lgdf{0fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ax;n] ;lhnf]
kfg]{5 . ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf]] ax;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df tLg} txsf ljwflosL
lgsfox¿sf] kf/bzL{ cEof;;Fu hf]8]/ 5nkmn ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 .

46
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf cleofgx¿

;+ ;bLo ;~rf/ k|0ffnLdf j]a;fO6 Ps k|d'v dfWod x'g ;Sg] a'em]/

cfheGbf @) jif{ cufl8 ;g\ @))) df g} cfOlko'n] ;+;bsf] j]a;fO6df
x'g'kg]{ cfwf/e"t dfkb08 tou/L ;b:o ;+;bx¿nfO{ l;kmfl/; klg u/]sf] lyof] .
k|ljlwsf] lg/Gt/ lj:tf/ / ljsf;n] OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t o:tf dfWodx¿sf
:j¿kdf klg ljljwtf cfPsf] 5 eg] j]a;fO6nfO{ klg Ps hLjGt ;+jfb /
;~rf/ dfWodsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] cj;/ ylkPsf 5g\ .

;+;bLo lqmofsnfkaf/] gofF k':tfnfO{ cjut u/fpg k|efjsf/L / l;h{gzLn

;+jfbd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsP To;n] ;+;bk|lt cfd gful/sdf
rf;f] / hfu¿stf a9\g hfG5 . w]/} b]zdf o:tf ljljwvfn] afXo ;+jfb
-cfp6/Lr_ sfo{qmdx¿ ;+;b :jodn] ;+:yfut 9ª\un] ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
vf;u/L ljBfyL{ tyf o'jf ;d'bfo;Fusf] ;+;bLo ;+jfb tyf ;+;bLo gd'gf
cEof;nfO{ Ps k|efjsf/L pkfosf ¿kdf dflgG5 . ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] cEof;df
…o'jf–;+jfbÚ Ps x'g}kg{] ljifodf ¿kdf cjnDag ug{ cGt/–Joj:yflksf
kl/ifb\n] ;b:o ;+;b ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

o;}u/L z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk cGtu{t ;+;bLo gd'gf cEof;nfO{

cjnDag ul/g' plrt x'g] l;kmfl/; kl/ifb\sf] 5 . o;af6 ;+;bk|ltsf] ljZjf;
a9\g], ;fj{hlgs dfldnf / /fhgLltk|lt cfsif{0fx'g], eljiosf nflu of]Uo k':tf
klg tof/ x'g] tyf ;+;bsf hfgsf/L klg ;xh¿kdf 3/3/;Dd k'Ug] cg'ej
ljleGg b]zx¿df /x]sf] kfOG5 .

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf ;+ul7t cleofgx¿ eg] ;g\ @)!! df v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L
(Open Government Partnership) sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 k|efjsf/L¿kdf cufl8
cfPsf] b]lvG5 . blIf0f cd]l/sL ;+;bx¿n] v'nf ;+;b ;~hfn g} agfP/ of]
cleofgnfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ . kmn:j¿k, v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf v'nf
;+;b sfo{;d"x (Working Group) g} :yfkgf eof] eg] ;+;bLo dfldnfdf lgu/fgL
47
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

/fVg] gful/s ;+:yfx¿sf] ljZjJofkL k|of;df ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] 3f]if0ffkq

;d]t hf/L x'g k'u]sf] 5 . of] 3f]if0fkqnfO{ olta]nf;Dddf ljZjsf ^) eGbf
a9L b]zx¿af6 cg'df]bg e};s]sf] 5 . of] Ps gful/s–;+;b ;fem]bf/Lsf]
cfwf/kqsf ¿kdf ljZjJofkL 5nkmn ul/g] b:tfj]h aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] cleofgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg The Open Parliament e-Network

;d]t cl:tTjdf cfPsf] 5 . o; ;~hfnn] v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cGtu{tsf]
;+;bLo v'nfkg sfo{;d"x;Fu /rgfTds ;fem]bf/L u/]sf] 5 .

v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cGtu{tsf] ;+;bLo v'nfkg sfo{;d"x ;g\ @)!# df

:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . lrnLsf] ;+;b s+u|]; ckm lrnL / g];gn 8]df]s]|l6s OlG:6Ro"6
-Pg=8L cfO{=_ o; sfo{;d"xsf ;xcWoIf /x]sf 5g\ . o; ljZjJofkL v'nf
;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L cGtu{t ;b:o /fi6«sf ;+;bn] v'nfkg a9fpg] k|lta4tfx¿
hfx]/ u/]/ ;'wf/ cleofgnfO{ ult lbPsf 5g\ .

g]kfn ;f] ;fem]bf/Ldf geP klg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd;Fusf]

;xsfo{df ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf nflu g]kfnsf] ;+;b / ;/sf/n] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿
;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] kxn ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] a9f]Q/L tkm{sf] k|of; /
k|lta4tf g} xf] .

t/, v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf g]fknsf] ;xeflutf x'g;s] ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf]

clej[l4df cem w]/} l;sfO{ x'g] / g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 klg yk of]ubfg x'g] cj;/
k|fKt x'g] lyof] . JolQmut¿kdf ;f] sfo{;d"xsf k|:t'ltx¿df ;xefuL x'g'ePsf
sltko g]kfnL ;f+;bx¿sf] cg'ej lgs} ;sf/fTds /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

Pl;ofdf OG8f]g]l;ofn] v'nf ;+;b;DaGwL 5nkmnsf] cu'jfO ul//x]sf] 5 /

g]kfnsf tkm{af6 klg tL sfo{qmddf ;+;bLo txaf6 g} ;xeflutf xF'b} cfPsf]
5 . k|df0fdf cfwfl/t gLlt th'{dfsf nflu ;Ifd ;+;b / ;f]sf] nflu gful/s
;dfh;Fu hLjGt ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Lsf] efjgf a9fpg Pl;ofnL ljwflosL
;+:yfx¿ k|lta4 /x]sf] afnL k|lta4tf klg ;g\ @)!* df hf/L ePsf] 5 .

48
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf s]xL cEof;x?

hlh{ofM v'nf ;+;b sfo{ ;d"x
o ; If]qdf v'nf ;+;bsf l;4fGtx¿sf] sfof{Gjog k|lqmof z'¿ ug]{ klxnf]
/fi6« klg hlh{of xf] . o; bf];f| ] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf sfg'g lgdf{0fsf]
k|lqmofdf gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tfnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
lyof] . o;cGtu{t ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿df d'Votof hlh{ofsf] ;+;bdf
gful/s ph'/L;DaGwL k|0ffnLnfO{ :yflkt ug]{ / ljw]ossf] 5nkmndf gful/s
;xeflutfnfO{ ;anLs/0f ug]{ hlh{ofdf k|hftflGqs ;+;bLo cEof;nfO{ ;'b9[
ug]{ / v'nfkgnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ v'nf ;+;b hlh{of sfo{;d"xn] ljleGg k|of;x¿
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] ;d"xsf] d'Vo Wo]o v'nf ;+;bsf] l;4fGtnfO{ of]hgfa4¿kdf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ hlh{ofsf] ;+;bnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] 5 . of] ;d"x;Fusf]
;xsfo{nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg hlh{ofsf] ;+;bn] cGt/–;d"x klg lgdf{0f
u/]sf] 5 . P3f/ hgf ;f+;b\ /x]sf] o; ;d"xn] v'nf ;/sf/ ;xsfo{df hlh{ofsf]
;+;bnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;+nUg u/fpg] / v'nf ;+;bsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cEof;df Nofpg]
sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;f] ;d"xn] v'nf ;/sf/ hlh{of sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fdf klg
;xof]u k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cf]hLkL k|lqmofdf hlh{ofsf] ;+;bnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

o;afx]s hlh{ofsf] ;+;bn] v'nf ;+;b hlh{of sfo{;d"xsf k|ltlglw;Fu ;+;bLo

v'nfkg;DaGwL ;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ u/L v'nf ;+;b l;4fGt sfof{Gjog ug]{
lhDd]jf/L klg lnPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df hlh{ofsf] ;+;bn] ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf]
3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . cf]hLkLsf] k|f¿kdf ;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL
k|lta4tfnfO{ ;':ki6 ug{ hlh{ofsf] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfn] v'nf ;+;b k|j4{gdf
gful/s ;dfh / ;+;bn] u/]sf] pTs[i6 cEof;x¿sf] cWoog klg u/]sf] lyof] .

;]K6]Da/ @)!% b]lv l8;]Da/ @)!^ ;Ddsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] hlh{ofsf] v'nf
;+;b sfo{of]hgfdf ;+;bLo lqmofsnfkdf gful/s ;+nUgtf, ;+;bLo b:tfj]h
/ ;"rgfsf] v'nfkg, ljwfosL ljB'tLo k|lqmof sfof{Gjog, ;ldltsf a}7ssf
49
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ljifox¿sf] pknAwtf / ;+;bsf] j]a;fO6 ;~rfngdf ;+zf]wg nufotsf ljifo

/x]sf lyP . oL k|lta4tfnfO{ gful/s ;+nUgtf, ;"rgfdf kx'Fr, gjk|jt{g /
k|ljlw / hjfkmb]xLtf u/L rf/ ljleGg ;d"xdf /flvPsf lyP .

gful/s ;+nUgtf cGtu{tsf] k|lta4tfdf hlh{ofsf gful/snfO{ ljw]ossf]

d:of}bfdf cfkm\gf l6Kk0fLx¿ /fVg kfpg] / ;+;baf6 klg k[i7kf]if0f kfpg]
cj;/nfO{ klg :yfg lbPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L gful/sn] ;+;bLo lqmofsnfkdf
;xeflutf hgfpg] / cfkm\gf ljwflosLsf] k|:t'lt / k|of;x¿ k|:t't ug{ kfpg]
cj;/nfO{ lglZrt ug{ ljB'tLo ;+oGq lgdf{0f / hlh{ofsf] ;+;bsf] cf}krfl/s
j]a;fO6dfkm{t\ ;xof]uL ;+oGqx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ljifo klg ;d]l6Psf] lyof] .
;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfljt ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf ;+;bLo k|lqmofdf gful/s ;+nUgtfnfO{
;anLs/0f ug]{ . ;+;bLo ;q / ;ldltsf a}7sx¿df gful/s pkl:yltnfO{
;xhLs/0f ug]{ / hlh{ofsf] ;+;bsf lqmofsnfk, e"ldsf / k|lta4tfsf ;Gbe{df
gful/s ;r]tgf lgdf{0f ug]{ nufotsf k|lta4tf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . ;"rgfsf]
kx'FrcGtu{tsf k|lta4tfx¿df ;+;bLo b:tfa]hx¿df ckfËtf ePsf JolQmsf]
;xh kx'FrnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{, ;+;bsf jflif{s k|ltj]bg / ;ldltsf lgZsif{x¿sf]
;fj{hlgs v'nf;f ug]{, ;+;bLo k|lqmofdf gful/s k/fdz{sf] sfg'gL k|f¿k tof/
kfg]{, k|f/lDes d:of}bf ljw]osdf ePsf ;+zf]wgsf] ;fdlos k|sfzg ug]{ tyf
:jM:km"t{ v'nf;f ug'{kg]{ ;"rgfsf ;"rL k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ /x]sf 5g\ .

k|ljlw / gjk|jt{g cGtu{tsf k|lta4tfx¿sf] d'Vo Wo]o ;lqmo gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{

k|j4{g ug]{ u/L gofF k|ljlw / gjk|jt{gsf cjwf/0ffnfO{ cjnDag ug]{ /x]sf] 5 .
;+;bLo b:tfj]hnfO{ ;+;bsf] j]a;fO6df gful/sn] k|of]u / k'gM k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]
:j¿kdf /fVg] / o'jf cNk;+Vos / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ clej[l4 ug]{
u/L gjk|jt{g / k|ljlwsf k|of]unfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ /x]sf 5g\ .

To;}u/L, v'nfkg / kf/blz{tf;DaGwL ;+;bLo kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf ug],{ gful/s

;dfh;Fu jflif{s a}7s ug]{ ljifonfO{ afWosf/L agfpg], gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfsf]
ljsf;sf nflu /fHosf] gLltut cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f u/L cjnDag ug]{ / ;f+;bsf]
50
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ lj:t[t ug]{ nufotsf k|lta4tfnfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] lyof] . hlh{of

;g\ @)!@ df v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;b:o ag]sf] xf] . v'nf ;/sf/;DaGwL
klxnf] sfo{of]hgf -@)!@–!$_ df hlh{ofn] ;"rgfsf] :jtGqtf;DaGwL sfg'g /
cEof;df ;'wf/, e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL Joj:yf, gful/s ;+nUgtfsf ;+oGq lgdf{0f /
;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] ;'b9[ Ls/0f nufotsf dxTjfsfª\Iff / k|lta4tfnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf]
lyof] . /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf k|lta4tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf]
kl/0ffd:j¿k hlh{ofdf ;"rgfsf] :jM:km"t{ v'nf;fnfO{ v'nf ;/sf/sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{
cf}hf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u¥of] .

v'nf ;/sf/ hlh{of d~r v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lk|j4{gsf nflu hlh{ofsf] Gofo
dGqfno cGtu{t :yfkgf ul/Psf] Ps /fli6«o ;+of]hg ;+oGq xf] . ;/sf/,
gful/s ;dfh / ax'kIfLo lgsfosf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] o; ;+oGqdf v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/Lsf ;a} ljifox¿ 5nkmn / k/fdz{ x'G5g\ / o;n] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf]
r/0fdf gful/s k/fdz{ k|lqmofsf] of]hgf agfpg] tyf ;+of]hg ug]{, gful/s
;r]tgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / k|lta4tfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u ug]{
sfd klg ub{5 . hlh{ofdf cEof;df /x]sf] of] d~rnfO{ v'nf ;/sf/ lgdf{0fdf
;/sf/ gful/s ;dfh ;fem]bf/LPs ljlzi6 pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf dflgG5 .

hlh{ofn] bf];|f] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf -@)!$–!^_ df cem dxTjfsfª\IfL / ;dfj]zL

k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof] . o;cGtu{t ;dfj]z ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{
k|lta4tfx¿df hlh{ofsf] ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL sfg'gsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg]{, v'nf
tYofª\s kf]6{nsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /x]sf] uf]Ko lgu/fgL;DaGwL
tYofª\sx¿ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ nufotsf lyP .

hlh{ofsf] v'nf ;/sf/ k|j4{gdf ;/sf/ / gful/s ;dfh b'j}n] dxTjk"0f{

;+oGqsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ . v'nf ;/sf/sf] dfkb08 / d"No dfGotfnfO{
;lqmo¿kdf k|j4{g u/]sfn] hlh{of cf]hLkLsf] ;]K6]Da/ @)!$ b]lv h'g
@)!%;Ddsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ;b:osf ¿kdf dfgf]lgt ePsf] lyof] .

51
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

s]GofM ;+;b / gful/s ;xeflutf

v'nf ;/sf/ kf/blz{tfdf dfq ;Lldt g/xL ;xeflutfsf] Jofks If]qdf klg k|jz ]
ub{5 . kf/blz{tf gful/s ;/sf/n] s] sfdsf/afxL ul//x]sf] 5 eg]/ x]g{] cfFvLem\ofn
xf] eg] v'nf ;/sf/ gful/s cfjfhnfO{ :yfg lbg] ;+oGq xf] h;df ;/sf/sf
sfdsf/afxL s;/L ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ eGg] cGt/b[li6 /flvG5 . gful/s ;xeflutf
clk|msL dxfåLkdf gofF ljifo xf]Og . ljut 8]9 bzs cl3b]lvg} ;xeflutfsf] ljifo
nf]stGqsf] s]Gb|Lo tTjsf] ¿kdf :yflkt eO{ df}lns cEof;sf] ¿kdf ¿kfGt/0f
eO;s]sf] 5 . ;x;|fAbLsf] z'¿jftdf hf/L ul/Psf] krf;f}+ ;f]nD] g 3f]if0ffkq (Solemn
Declaration) df clk|msL ;ª\3sf ;b:ox¿n] nf]stflGqs lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ gful/s
;xeflutfsf] If]qnfO{ Jofks agfpFb} hjfkmb]xLtf / kf/blz{tf ;'lglZrt ug'k{ g]{
ljifonfO{ /flvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;g\ @)!@ df sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf nf]stGqsf clk|msL
a8fkq ;'zf;gsf nflu lgjf{rgsf] wf/f @ n] ;fj{hlgs dfldnfsf Joj:yfkgdf
gful/s ;xeflutf kf/blz{tf, ;"rgfsf] kx'r F , k|;
] :jtGqtf / hjfkmb]xLtf clej[l4
ug{ cfjZos zt{x¿sf] kl/k"lt{ ug]{ ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy p7fg u/]sf]
5 . oL 3f]if0ffkq / a8fkq afx]s klg ;]jfk|jfx / k|zf;gsf] d"NodfGotf /
l;4fGt;DaGwL clk|msL a8fkq / ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, :yfgLo zf;g / :yfgLo ljsf;sf
d"NodfGotf / l;4fGt;DaGwL clk|msf a8fkqn] klg gful/s ;xeflutf kf/bzL{
/ hjfkmb]xLtfsf] s]Gb|LotfnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] 5 . clk|msL d'ns ' sf] ljleGg ;+oGq,
;+ljwfg / ;+:yfx¿sf] k|f¿kdf oL ljifox¿ ;dfj]z x'gn ' ] klg clk|msfn] s'g xb;Dd
v'nf ;/sf/sf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] /x]5 eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . …v'nf ;/sf/Ú
eGg] zAbfjnLsf] cg'kl:yltdf klg clk|msfn] v'nfkgsf cEof;x¿ ul//x]sf] 5 eGg]
;Gb]z g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

clk|msfdf v'nf ;/sf/sf] l:ylt / OGP df k|f/lDes ;+nUgtfsf] ljifodf

b]lvPsf b[li6sf]0fnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

clk|msL dxfåLksf d'n'sx¿n] JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tfcg'¿k nf]stGq / ;'zf;gsf]

;'b[9Ls/0f k"/f x'gsf nflu ljwflosLsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmofdf ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{
5 . ;+;bsf] v'nfkgn] lgjf{rgsf] v'nfkgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 / olb ljZj
52
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;d'bfon] clk|msfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5g\ eg] v'nf ;/sf/
cjwf/0ffsf] Pp6f ;do;fk]lIftf If]q lgjf{rg k|lqmofsf] v'nfkg g} x'g]5 .

v'nf ;/sf/nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ k|of;df gful/s ;xeflutf ;lxtsf] nf]stGq

/ ;'zf;gk|lt k|lta4 ;+;b / o;sf ;b:ox¿ cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;+;bsf]
;xof]uljgfsf] sfo{sf/Ldf dfq s]lGb|t v'nf ;/sf/ k|of;x¿n] Go"g ;xeflutf
jf ;|ft] sf] ;Lldt afF8kmfF8 nufotsf ;d:ofaf6 :jtGq /xg ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f
v'nf ;/sf/ k|of;sf] s]Gb|Lo efudf ;+;b / ;+;bLo v'nfkgnfO{ /fVg' dggLo 5 .

lbuf] ljsf; nIo -@)!%–@)#)_ k|flKtsf] cleofgdf lg0f{o k|lqmof

/ sfof{Gjogsf] dfldnfdf gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] 5 . t/
sfo{sf/Lsf] sfdsf/afxLdf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{ jf lgu/fgL /fVg] cf}krfl/s lgsfo
xf] ;+;b . ;+;b dfq Pp6f To:tf] lgsfo xf] h;n] gful/ssf] cledtnfO{
zf;sLo dfldnfdf k|ltlalDat u/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ gful/ssf] e"ldsf k|bfg
ub{5 . lbuf] ljsf; k|flKt / k|ultsf] cg'udg tyf ;dLIffsf nflu klg gful/s
;xeflutf dxTjk"0f{ /xG5 / ;+;bn] dfq ljleGg :yfoL ;+oGqx¿ l;h{gf u/L
oL ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf] cg'udgdf gful/s cfjfh d'vl/t ub{5 . To;sf/0f
clk|msL gful/s hLjgsf] u'0ffTds ljsf; j[l4sf nflu klg ;+;bsf] v'nfkgn]
w]/} dxTj /fVb5 . oxfF cfkm"n] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{j6f l;4fGtsf] jsfnt ub{5 .

l;4fGt g+ !M v'nfkgsf] sfg'g

sfg'gdfkm{t\ gful/snfO{ k|jfx ug]{ ;]jfsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/sf] eP klg
sfg'g;Ddt ¿kdf sfd eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;+;bsf] xf] .
Gofofnosf] lhDd]jf/L tL sfg'gx¿ ;xL 9ª\un] kfngf ePsf 5g\ 5}gg\ eg]/
x]g]{ xf] . ;]jfk|jfxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / ;bfrf/ clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ lgsfox¿sf nflu
cfwf/zLnf tof/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;+;bsf] xf] .

v'nfkgsf] of] l;4fGtcGtu{t ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr / tYofª\sLo uf]kgLotf;DaGwL

sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]xL / ;xeflutfd"ns
53
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

Joj:yfkg / :jtGq, lgikIf, hjfkmb]xL / kf/bzL{ lgjf{rg k|lqmof ;'lglZrt

ug]{ sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f nufotsf ljifo 5g\ .

l;4fGt g+=@M sfg'g lgdf{0fdf v'nfkg

v'nfkgk|lt k|lta4tf hgfpg] / To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L klg ;+;bsf]
xf] . sfg'g lgdf{0fdf hg;xeflutfnfO{ ;anLs/0f ug]{, ;+;bLo 5nkmn /
ultljlw v'nf / kf/bzL{ agfpg] sfdx¿ of] l;4fGtcGtu{t /xG5g\ .

v'nf ;+;bsf] ofqfdf d]lS;sf]M d"Nofª\sgsf] Ps cg'ej

v'nf ;/sf/ k|j4{gsf ;DaGwdf d]lS;sfnL ljwflosL clwsf/sf ljz]iftfx¿,
;ldltsf k4ltx¿ / ;+;bLo ah]6sf] ljifonfO{ oxfF ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

;bgsf] d"Nofª\sgsf r'gf}tLx¿M

s'gk} lg nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLsf] k[i7kf]if0fsf df}lns c+z g} gful/s x'g\ . ;fj{hlgs
;/f]sf/sf ljifodf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ u'0ffTds ;"rgfx¿ s]
gful/ssf]kx'r F df 5g\< s] gful/s ;dfh;+:yf / cGo af}l} 4s ;d'bfon] gful/snfO{
k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ < s] s'g} lgsfon] gful/ssf] cj:yfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg pgLx¿sf] kxFr ' / k|efjsf dfkg u/]sf 5g\ <

d]lS;sf]M ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] cleofg

d]lS;sf]df 8]9 bzseGbf cl3b]lv ;ª\3Lo ;+;bsf ultljlwx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg
ug]{ s]xL dfkb08 cEof;df NofOPsf] 5 . d]lS;sf]df ;+;b :yfkgf ePsf]
@)) jif{eGbf w]/} ;do eP klg o;sf] ;~rfng, kf/blz{tf / d"Nofª\sgsf]
s;Ldf kl/0ffd pT;fxhgs 5}g . ;+;bLo hLjgsf] b'O{ ztfAbLsf] dxTjk"0f{
;donfO{ pT;jsf] ¿kdf dgfO/xFbf eg] d]lS;sf]df clxn] klg !^–!& jif{sf]
;+;bLo lszf]/fj:yfdf /x]sf] atfpF5g\ gful/s cu'jfx¿ . pbfx/0fsf nflu,
;+;bLo ;ldlt / d"n ;qdf eO/x]sf ;+zf]wgsf] ljifodf a]va/ /xL sfg'gL
k|of;x¿nfO{ d"Nofª\sgsf ;"rLdf /fVg] / ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] hfgsf/L
g} glnO{ ;+;bsf] d"n ;bgsf] pkl:yltnfO{ dfq lgu/fgL /fVg' .
54
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

o;} ;Gbe{df cfpF5 gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf h;n] j:t'lgi7, oyfy{ cjnf]sg
ug]{ ;fdYo{ /fVb5 . v'nf ;+;bsf] d"Nofª\sg, cg'udg / sfof{Gjog ;+;bLo
;+:yfx¿sf] ulx/f] ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ps dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ xf] . o;sf nflu xfdLnfO{
v'nf, ;'b[9 / ljlzi6Ls[t ljlw cfjZos kb{5 h'g s]xL ;Lldt JolQm /
;+:yfsf] dfq kx'Frdf geO cfd;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfn] klg k|of]u ug{
;s'g\ . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] gful/s, /fhgLlts ;+:sf/nfO{ d'vl/t u/L
k|ltlglwTjsf] u'0ffTds kIfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs sfdsf/afxLsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug],{ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / cg'df]bg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L

gful/sn] sfg'gL Joj:yf / ldl8ofsf] ;xof]un] kl/k"lt{ub{5g\ . ;f}efUoa;,
kf/blz{tf dfu ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿ dxTjk"0f{ ;fljt ePsf 5g\ .
d]lS;sf]n] ;g\ @)!# df ;+;bdfkm{t\ g} ljZjJofkL ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] 3f]if0ffkqnfO{
cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;fy} o;n] 3f]if0ffkqsf d'Vo rf/ p2]Zox¿ !_ kf/blz{tf
;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{g, @_ ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kf/blz{tf, #_ ;"rgfsf] kx'r F df ;xhLs/0f /
$_ ;"rgfdf ljB'tLo kx'r F / ljZn]if0f kl/k"lt{ ug]{ k|lta4tfx¿ klg hgfO;s]sf] 5 .
;+;bLo ;lrjfnosf cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwx¿n] ;+;bsf] j]a;fO6 ;'wf/sf] k|lta4tf
o;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] . ;+;bsf] j]a;fO6df b'j} ;bgsf lqmofsnfk;DaGwL ;"rgf /
hfgsf/L /flvPsf] eP klg v'nf tYofª\s 9fFrfdf eg] /flvPsf lyPgg\ . ;+;bLo
;ldltn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfdsf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L klg ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'r F df /xg]
u/L /flvPsf lyPgg\ g t sfo{;Dkfbg k|ltj]bgx¿ g} k"0f{ lyP . oxL s'/f ;+;bLo
;d"x / ;/sf/L lgsfosf ;Gbe{df klg nfu" ePsf lyP . o;n] ;+;bx¿n] -n]vf
;ldltsf If]qflwsf/ eGbf dfly uP/_ sfo{sf/L clwsf/sf] cg'udg ug]{ sfg'gL
Joj:yfnfO{ cEof; u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg]] ;"rssf] cg'kl:ylt b]lvG5 . v'nf
;+;bnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ ;Gbe{df gful/ssf] ;+;bLo ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf em]Ng'
k/]sf pNemgx¿ d'Vo r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

v'nf ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ffn] kf/blz{tf, ;xeflutf / ;xsfo{sf] dd{nfO{

bzf{pF5 . ;"rgfsf] v'nf / Jojl:yt k|jfxn] o;sf] ;xL ljZn]if0f ug{ /
k|efjsf/L nf]stGqsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;fsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ;+;b;Fu gful/s ;xsfo{
55
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;n] ;/sf/sf sfdsf/afxLdf gful/s ;xeflutfsf

clwsf/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf ¿kdf /x]sf] ;"rgfsf] xs jf kx'FrnfO{
:yflkt ub{5 . of] ljifodf d]lS;sf]n] h'g !), @)!! df ;+j}wflgs ;'wf/sf]
3f]if0ff ;fj{hlgs ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf cGto{ / dd{ cg'¿k dfgj clwsf/sf
d"NodfGotfsf] JofVof ug]{ / gful/s clwsf/ /Iffsf] JofkstfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{
cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVof] .

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf ;+;bLo lqmofsnfk cg'udg ug]{qmddf ljleGg

$$ j6f nIox¿ to ul/Psf lyP . o;df lgu/fgLdfkm{t\ kf/blz{tfsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{
k|j4{g ug]{, k|efjsf/L ;+;bLo lgu/fgL a9fpg], k"0f{ / ;do ;fk]lIft ;"rgf
k|jfx ug]{, ;+;bsf ;b:o / ;lrjfnosf ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{, v'nf / kx'Frof]Uo
9fFrfdf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ / gful/s;Fu bf]xf]/f] ;+jfb x'g] ;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{
nufotsf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . ;+;bLo kf/blz{tfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo
of] ;+:yf / ;b:ox¿n] ug]{ sfdsf/afxL, pgLx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/,
lg0f{o–k|lqmof, dt–cledt, ;fj{hlgs ah]6sf] k|of]u, cg';Gwfg / gful/ssf]
k|ltlglwTjsf] sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ k|of; / kl/0ffd;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{
xf] . v'nf tYofª\s, ;+;bsf] sfg'gL tyf ;+j}wflgs clwsf/cGtu{t ;+;bsf]
j]a;fO6df ljleGg ;ft k|sf/sf ;"rgfx¿ ;dfj]z x'g' kb{5 .

s_ ;bgsf] sfdsf/afxL -v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg -u_ ah]6 / lgoGq0f -3_ gful/ssf]
ckgTj -ª_ kf/blz{tf -r_ cGtlqm{ofTds -5_ v'nf tYofª\s .

v'nf tYofª\scGtu{t dfq ljleGg !( k|sf/sf 8f6f;]6 /flvg' kb{5 . o;cGtu{t

;Demf}tfkq, lqmofsnfksf] ;dotflnsf, ;ldlt / ;bgsf a}7sx¿df pkl:ylt,
d~rx¿, ah]6 k|ltj]bg, ljwflosf k|ltj]bg, sfg'gL k|of;, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL
;+oGq, ;ldlt PsLs/0f, cg';Gwfg, lgo'StL / cg'df]bg, cledt / ljZn]if0f,
ljj/0fx¿, k|sfzg, ;Demf}tfsf ljj/0fx¿, k|sfzg, ;Demf}tfsf laGb'x¿ /
;xeflutfsf ljifox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

56
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

v'nfkgsf] nflu g}lts

cfr/0fsf] lgod
;+ ;bLo v'nfkg, ;bfrf/ k|j4{g cleofg klg xf] . ;f+;bx¿sf] g}lts cfr/0fsf]
kIf Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts ljifo xf] . hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] Jojxf/ / cfr/0fn]
l;Ëf] ;dfh / k|0ffnLnfO{ lbzfaf]w ug{] ePsfn] k|To]s ljwflosL ;+:yfn] ;f+;bx¿sf
g}lts cfr/0fsf dfkb08x¿ agfP/ cEof;df NofPsf x'G5g\ . h:tf]– g]kfndf
;ª\3Lo ;+;b / k|bz ] ;ef b'j} txsf ;bgsf lgodfjnLdf ;b:ox¿sf] cfr/0f;DaGwL
k|fjwfgx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . ;+;bsf] sf/afxL ;~rfngsf qmddf x'gk' g{] cfr/0fnfO{
s]lGb|t ul/Psf tL lgodx¿n] ;+f;bsf] cfr/0fnfO{ s]xL kIfdf lbzfaf]w u/fPsf]
5 . k|ltlglw;ef lgodfjnLsf] lgod @!^ / /fli6«o;ef lgodfjnLsf] lgod !*(
df *–* a'bF fdf cfr/0fsf lgodx¿ pNn]v 5g\ .

;+;bLo v'nfkgsf nflu sfo{/t v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L (OGP) sf] v'nf ;+;b
sfo{;d"x / ;+;bLo lgu/fgLdf sfo{/t gful/s ;+:yfx¿sf] ;femf kxn
openingparliament.org n] ;+oQ
' m¿kdf ;f+;bx¿sf nflu g}lts cfr/0fsf s]xL
;femf dfkb08x¿ klg to u/]sf] 5 . tL dfkb08 lgDg % a'bF fdf ;ª\ul| xt 5g\ .
!_ nf]stGq, dfgj clwsf/ / sfg'gL zf;gsf] ;+/If0f
@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] ;]jf
#_ ;fj{hlgs ;bfrf/sf] ;'lglZrttf
$_ Joj;flostf
%_ ljljwtf / ax'njfbsf d"Nox¿sf] kfng

pk/f]Qm % zLif{s cGtu{t !^ ljifodf $$ j6f cfr/0fsf ;femf lgodx¿ agfOPsf

5g\ . oLlgodx¿ v'nf ;+;bsf] cEof;nfO{ ;anLs/0f ug{ ;xof]uL cg's/0fLo ;fdu|L
x'g ;S5g\ . v'nf ;+;bsf] dfGotfdf lqmofzLn ;+;bx¿sf nflu cfˆgf cfr/0fsf
lgodx¿ th'd{ f ug{ klg tL a'bF fn] lbzfaf]w ub{5g\ . v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf] cleofgdf
cfa4 ePsf / gePsf b'jv } fn] b]zsf ;+;bx¿n] o:tf cfr/0f k4ltx¿nfO{ ;'b9[
u/fpFb} n}hfg ;s]df ;+;bk|ltsf] hgljZjf; a9fpg d2t k'Ug]5 .
57
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

kf/bzL{ cEof;df ldgL ;+;b\

— gf/fo0f sfˆn]

v' nf ;+;b\af/] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ax; a9]sf 5g\ . ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ;xh
kx'FrnfO{ klg v'nf ;+;b\sf] ax;;Fu hf]l8g] u/]sf] 5 . t/, ;+;bLo
cEof;n] v'nfkgsf] ax; cfTd;ft\ ul/;s]sf] 5}g . ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]gn]
tf]s]sf] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf ;"rgf :jtM ;fj{hlgs ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf klg ;‹Lo
;+;b\ / dftxtsf sltko lgsfon] kfngf u/]sf 5}gg\ . t/, s]xL ;ldltn] eg]
;"rgf :jtM ;fj{hlgsdf gd'gf k|of]u g} u/]sf 5g\ .

;‹Lo ;+;ßf xfn ;+o'Qm;d]t u/L !^ j6f ;ldlt 5g\ . k|ltlglw ;efdf b;
/ /fli6«o ;efdf rf/j6f ljifout ;ldlt 5g\ . ;+o'Qm ;ldlt b'O{j6f 5g\ .
tLdWo] s]xL ;ldltn] eg] ;"rgf tyf ljj/0fsf] :jtM ;fj{hlgsdf gofF cEof;
yfngL u/]sf 5g\ .

;‹Lo ;+;b\n] xfn;Dd ;fj{hlgs ug{ …g?rfPsf]Ú ;f+;bx¿sf] pkl:yltsf]

ljj/0f klg ldgL ;+;b\n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . w]/} ;ldltn] a}7ssf] ;"rgf,
lg0f{o, ljw]osx¿sf] k|ltj]bg lgoldt ;fj{hlgs u/] klg k|ltlglw ;efsf] s[lif
;xsf/L tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;ldltn] eg] ;f+;bsf] pkl:ylt;d]t ;fj{hlgs
ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;ldltdf tTsfnLg ;+ljwfg ;ef pkfWoIf;d]t /xg'ePsL
k"0ff{s'df/L ;'j]bL ;efklt x'g'x'G5 . s[lif ;xsf/L tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;ldltsf
pk;lrj ;~ho bfxfnn] ;ldltn] cfˆgf ultljlw, lg0f{o / k|sfzg;d]t j]a
k]hd} ;fj{hlgs ug]{ u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], æxfdLn] a}7ssf
58
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;"rgf, lg0f{o, ;f+;bx¿sf] pkl:ylt ljj/0f;d]t oyfzSo l56f] j]a;fO6d}

k|sfzg ug]{ u/]sf 5f}F . pkl:ylt / lg0f{o a}7ss} lbg ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ul/Psf]
5 . s'g} a]nf k|fljlws ;d:of cfPdf km/s ljifo xf] .Æ

;‹Lo ;+;b\sf k|jQmf 8f= /f]hgfy kf08]n] ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]gn] u/]sf]
Joj:yfcg';f/ :jtM ;"rgf ;fj{hlgsnfO{ ;lrjfnon] a9jf lbPsf] atfpg'eof] .
8f= kf08]n] eGg'eof], æ:jtM ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ;lrjfnosf] gLlt g} xf] . xfdLn]
o;nfO{ r/0fa4 ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf nu]sf 5f}F . w]/} ;ldltn] :jtM ;"rgf
;fj{hlgssf] cEof;nfO{ a9fjf lbPsf 5g\ .Æ

s'g ;ldltdf s] cEof; <

a}7ssf] k|ToIf k|;f/0fnfO{ s'g} klg ;ldltn] cËLsf/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . t/,
;"rgfsf] xsn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] :jtM k|jfxdf eg] s]xL
;ldltn] cEof; ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;df ;a}eGbf cufl8 k|ltlglw ;efsf] s[lif
;xsf/L tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;ldlt 5 . ;ldltn] ;ldltsf ultljlw, k|sfzg /
;f+;bsf pkl:ylt klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . cWoog k|ltj]bgx¿ k|foM ;ldltn]
;fj{hlgs u/] klg xflh/L / b}lgs lg0f{o ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs eg] s[lif ;ldltn]
dfq lgoldt ul//x]sf] 5 . k|foM ;ldltx¿n] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf, jflif{s
k|ltj]bg, ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ .

k|ltlglw ;efsf] cy{ ;ldltn] ;ldltsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg, s]xL lg0f{o / s]xL ljw]ossf
k|ltj]bg eg] cfkm}n
F ] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . cGo ljj/0f eg] ;d]l6Psf] 5}g . o:t}
pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ldltn] klg ljw]ossf k'/fgf k|ltj]bg ;a}sf] kx'r F df pknAw
u/fPsf] 5 t/ a}7ssf ;"rgf, lg0f{o eg] j]a k]hdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g .

/fHo Joj:yf tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] ljw]ossf k|ltj]bg j]a ;fO6df k|sfzg
u/]sf] 5 . a}7ssf lg0f{o / cGo ljj/0f eg] sd} dfq cknf]8 ePsf 5g\ . xfn}
kfl/t ePsf k|x/L ;dfof]hgf / g]kfn k|x/L tyf k|b]z k|x/Lsf] ;dGjo;DaGwL
ljw]ossf] k|ltj]bg /fHo Joj:yfn] j]ad} k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . a}7ssf hfgsf/L
eg] ;ldltn] lgoldt ¿kdf k|sfzg ul//x]sf] 5 . ;f+;bsf] pkl:yltnufotsf
ljj/0f eg] ;ldltn] ;fj{hlgs ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g .
59
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

lj=;+= @)&% df3otf dlxnf tyf ;fdflhs ;ldltn] a}7ssf s'g} klg lg0f{o
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g . jflif{s k|ltj]bg, ljw]ossf] k|ltj]bgnufotsf s'g} klg
ultljlw ;ldltn] pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

rf/ ;ldltsf 5}gg\ ultljlw

ldgL ;+;b\sf s'g} klg ultljlw j]adf ;fj{hlgs gug]{ rf/ ;ldlt 5g\ . ltgdf
;/sf/sf] ;fj{hlgs n]vfsf] lgu/fgL ug]{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] n]vf ;ldlt;d]t
5 . @)&% df3df kl5Nnf] k6s ;ldlt a}7ssf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgskl5 s'g} klg
ultljlwaf/] ;ldltsf] j]ak]hdf hfgsf/L kfOGg .

k|ltlglw ;efs} ljsf; tyf k|ljlw ;ldltn] s'g} klg ;fdfu|L k|sfzg u/]sf]
5}g . k|ltlglw ;efs} lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;ldltn] klg s'g} klg hfgsf/L j]adf
k|sfzg u/]sf] 5}g . sfg'g Gofo tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltn] klg ;ldltsf s'g}
ultljlw cfkm}Fn] j]adf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g .

;‹Lo ;+;b\sf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltdWo] Ps ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO ;ldltn] cfˆgf lg0f{o eg]
j]adf k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm ;ldltdWo] /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt /
bfloTjsf] sfof{Gjog cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] Psdfq k|ltj]bgdf j]adf
k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o ;efsf] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] a}7ssf lg0f{o lgoldt j]adf
k|sfzg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . a}7s / lg0f{o eg] ;ldltsf] lgoldt 5 . cGo ljj/0f
eg] ;fj{hlgs 5}g . k|Tofof]lht Joj:yfkg tyf ;/sf/L cfZjf;g ;ldltn]
lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs u/] klg cGo ultljlw k|sfzg u/]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf
s]xL :ynut cg';Gwfg / s]xL lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs ¿kdf :jtM ;"rgf k|sfzgnfO{ ;ldltx¿n] pkof]u u/] klg tTsfn
/ k|efjsf/L eg] sd} 5g\ . ;ldltsf lg0f{o;d]t tTsfn ;fj{hlgs eg] ePsf
5}gg\ . k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;ef b'j}tkm{sf ax';Î\os ;ldltn] lgs} l9nf
dfq lg0f{o ck8]6 u/]sf 5g\ .
;|f]tM Uf]/vfkq b}lgs, sf7df8f}F, ;fpg #@, @)&^ .

60
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL
3f]if0ffkq

; g\ @)!@ clk|n #) b]lv d] @;Dd ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf ;+;bLo cg'udgdf

sfo{/t #* b]zsf ;+u7gx¿n] Ps} d~rdf e]nf eO{ :f+;bLo kf/blz{tf,
k'gM k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] :f"rgfdf kx'Fr tyf :f+;bLo Jojxf/sf] cg'udgsf
nflu ;+;bLo c;n cEof;sf] cfbfgk|bfg tyf o;sf cGo pko'Qm ljlw /
tf}/tl/sfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ /0fgLltsf] jsfnt u/]sf lyP .

www.openingparliament.org tyf ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf] 3f]if0ffkq pQm ;Dd]ngsf]

kl/0ffd xf] . o; 3f]if0ffkqsf] clGtd k|f¿k !% ;]K6]Da/ @)!@ sf] /f]ddf
;DkGGf O{–kfln{ofd]G6 sGkm]/]G;df ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{sf/L zf/f+;
;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkq gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+;bLo cg'udg ;+u7gx¿
/fli6«o ;+;bx¿, pk/fli6«o tyf cGt/b]zLo ljwflosL lgsfox¿sf nflu
v'nfkg;DaGwL k|lta4tf tyf ;+;bLo ultljlwdf gful/s ;xeflutf a9fpg
ul/Psf] cfXjfg÷ckLn xf] .

gful/s;dIf ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg, ;+;bLo k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfsf

nflu gful/ssf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ tyf ;+;bLo pQ/bfloTjsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{
;Gbe{df ;+;bLo cg'udg ;+u7gx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfsf] ;/fxfgf ul/G5 .
;/sf/L tyf ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf Jofks kxF'r agfpg tyf ;+;bLo ;'wf/sf If]qdf
ljZje/sf ;+;bx¿;Fu cfk;L ;+jfbnfO{ a9fjf lbg' o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo xf] .
o; 3f]if0ffkqn] s'g} sfdsf nflu ckLn dfq gu/L ;+;bx¿ tyf gful/s

61
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;dfhsf] ;+;bLo cg'udg ;+u7gx¿aLr ;+jfbsf] cfwf/ to ug]{ p2]Zo ;d]t

lnPsf] 5 . o;n] ;/sf/ / ;+;bLo v'nfkgnfO{ a9fjf lbg'sf ;fy} o; v'nfkgn]
gful/ssf] ;xeflutfnfO{ Jofks agfpF5 . k|ltlglwd"ns lgsfox¿nfO{ cem
lhDd]jf/ agfpF5 tyf cGttM Ps ;d'Ggt nf]stflGqs ;dfh lgdf{0fnfO{
;'lglZrt ub{5 .

;+;bLo v'nfkg 3f]if0ffkqsf If]q

s= v'nf ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{gM
;+;bLo ;"rgf cfd gful/ssf] xf] . sfg'gåf/f lgwf{l/t ;LdfnfO{ Wofg lbFb}
;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] k'gM k|of]u jf k'gM k|sfzg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+;bLo v'nfkgsf]
;+:s[lt ;an agfpg ;+;bn] gful/ssf] ;dfj]zL ;+nUgtf tyf :jtGq gful/s
;dfhsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ dfkb08 to ug'{ kb{5 . :jtGq gful/s ;dfhn]
lgu/fgLdfkm{t\ k|efjsf/L ;+;bLo cg'udg tyf ;lqmo ¿kdf oL clwsf/x¿sf]
;+/If0fnfO{ ;an agfpg' kb{5 . ;+;bn] gful/ssf] ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf kx'Frsf]
clwsf/sf] sfg'gL ljsNknfO{ ;d]t ;'lglZrt ug'{ kb{5 . ;+;bLo ultljlw
tyf sfdsf/afxLaf/] gful/ssf] a'emfO{ k|j4{g ug{] tyf v'nfkg / kf/blz{tf
j[l4 ug]{, cGo ;+;bx¿;Fu c;n sfd / Jojxf/sf] cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ug{]
;sf/fTds lhDd]jf/L klg ;+;bsf] xf] . ;+;bn] ;+;bLo ;"rgf k"0f{, ;xL /
;fdlos 5 eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{ gful/s;Fu ldn]/ ug'{ kb{5 .

v= ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kf/blz{tfM

;+;bn] ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ;lqmo k|sfzgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ gLltx¿ cjnDag
ug'{ kb{5, ;fy} c;n cEof;dfkm{t\ ePsf l;sfOaf6 kmfObf lng cfjlws¿kdf
;dLIff ;d]t ug'{ kb{5 .

62
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;"rgfcGtu{t ;+;bsf] e"ldsf tyf sfdx¿, ljwflosL k|lqmofaf6 pTkGg

;"rgfx¿ nufot gofF ljw]ossf] kf7 tyf ;+zf]wgx¿, dtbfg, ;+;bLo
sfo{;"rL tyf ;dotflnsf, k"0f{ a}7ssf clen]vx¿tyf ;ldltsf sfdsf/afxL,
P]ltxfl;s ;"rgf tyf cGo ;"rgf h;nfO{ ;+;bLo clen]vsf] lx:;f dflgg]
5, h:t}– ;+;bn] tof/ kf/]sf] jf ;+;bsf nflu agfOPsf] k|ltj]bg cflb o;df
kb{5 .

;+;bn] ;+;bsf] Joj:yfkg tyf k|zf;g, ;+;bLo sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf ;+;bLo

ah]6sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 . ;+;bn] ;+;b ;b:osf]
k[i7e"ld, lqmofsnfk tyf d'2f nufot kof{Kt ;"rgf pknAw ug'{ kb{5 tfls
gful/sn] ltgsf] cIf'00ftf, ;Totf tyf ;Defljt :jfy{aLrsf] åGå cflbaf/] k"0f{
hfgsf/L lnP/ lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

u= ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ;xh kx'FrM

;a} gful/snfO{ :j–cjnf]sg, 5fkfdfWod, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf k|ToIf k|zf/0f
tyf dfu cg';f/sf] k|zf/0f h:tf ljljw dfWodaf6 e]befj/lxt tj/n]
a[xQ/¿kdf ;"rgfsf] kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ;+;bn] ug'{ kb{5 . ;a} gful/snfO{
:yfgsf] pknAwtf, ;'/Iff, ;Ldfx¿ cjnDag u/L k|ToIf pkl:yt eO{ ;+;bleq
;'Gg, x]g{ kfpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

;"rgf :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift tyf ;fj{hlgs¿kdf pknAw x'g' kb{5 . ;fy}

;~rf/ dfWod / ko{j]IfsnfO{ ;xh kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'kb{5 . ;+;bLo
;"rgf lgMz'Ns¿kdf ljljw /fli6«o tyf sfdsfhL efiffdf ljleGg ;fwgsf]
k|of]u u/L pknAw x'g'kb{5 . o:tf ;"rgf ;/nLs[t efiffdf ;f/ agfO pknAw
u/fpg' kb{5 h;af6 gful/ssf] a[xQ/ kl/lwn] ;+;bLo ;"rgf a'em\g], nfeflGjt
x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf xf];\ .

63
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

3= ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ljB'tLo ;Dk|]if0fsf] k|j4{gM

;+;bLo ;"rgf v'nf tyf ;+/rgfTds :j¿kdf cgnfOgdf pknAw x'g' kb{5
h;af6 gful/sn] ljleGg k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ tyf
k'gMk|of]u ug]{ cj;/ kfpg] 5g\ .

;+;bLo ;"rgf ;Da4 ;"rgf;Fu hf]8\g ;lsg] ;fy} ;xh¿kdf vf]Hg ;lsg] tyf
k"0f{¿kdf 8fpgnf]8 u/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] xf];\ . o;af6 cWoog cg';Gwfgdf
gofF ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] a9fjf ldNg]5 . ;+;bLo j]a;fO6n] ;Lldt OG6/g]6 kxF'r
ePsf ;dfhsf gful/snfO{ ;d]t ;~rf/ cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;3fpg]5 . vf;u/L
o:tf ;dfhdf dWo:yx¿nfO{ ;"rgf pknAw u/fP/ cGttMgful/s;dIf ;"rgf
;Dk|]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

;+;bLo j]a;fO6n] gful/snfO{ lg/Gt/ cfkm";Fu hf]l8/fVg tyf ;+jfbsf nflu

cGt/lqmofTds cf}hf/ / pkfosf] k|of]u ug]{5 . o;sf nflu Pn6{ tyf df]afOn
;]jfsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] k|fljlws pkof]lutf tyf ;"rgf
k|of]ustf{x¿sf] uf]kgLotfsf] ;'lglZrttf ;+;bsf] pQ/bfloTj xf] .

;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkq

k|:tfjgf
;dfj]zL, pQ/bfoL, kx'Frof]Uo tyf lhDd]jf/ ;+;b nf]stflGqs/0fsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5g\ lsgls logn] sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{, gful/ssf] k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ tyf sfo{kflnsfsf] gLlt sfof{Gjog tyf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{
;+j}wflgs bfloTj ;Fu;Fu} gful/s rfxgfnfO{ ;d]t k|ltlalDat ub{5g\ .

;+;bLo v'nfkgn] gful/snfO{ ;+;bsf] sfdsf/afxLk|lt ;';"lrt ug{ ;xof]u

ub{5, gful/snfO{ ljwflosL k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g ;3fpF5, ;+;b :fb:ox¿nfO{
;f]wvf]h u/L lhDd]jf/ agfpg] gful/s tof/ kfb{5 / gful/s lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj

64
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;d]t ;'lglZrt ub{5 . zf;gdf gful/ssf] ;xeflutf Pj+ ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf]

kx'Fr cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ b:tfj]h! tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+;bLo ;d'bfo@ åf/f
cjnDag ul/Psf nf]stflGqs ;+;bsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 tyf cfwf/åf/f
:yflkt ul/Psf 5g\, ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx¿n] cgnfOg# dfWodaf6 ;+;bLo
v'nfkgfsfnflu Ps ;an cfwf/ v8f u/]sf 5g\ . l8lh6n o'usf] cfudgn]
;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] ;Gbe{ tyf ;'zf;gsf nflu gful/s
rfxgf ablnPsf] 5, a9\bf] k|ljlwn] ;femf 1fgsf] l;h{gf ug]{ tyf k|fltlglwd"ns
nf]stGqaf/] ;"lrt ug]{ h:tf cxd\ k|lt1fsf] ;fy ;fy} ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf]
k'gMk|of]u tyf ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;zQm agfPsf] 5 . k/Dk/f, cg'ej, ;|f]t;fwg tyf
;Gbe{sf] ljleGgtfn] v'nfkg ;'wf/;DaGwL ;+;bLo k|:tfjdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sb5,
tfklg o;n] ;+;bLo v'nfkg tyf kf/blz{tfsf] dxTjnfO{ sd cfFSg ;Sb}g .

3f]if0ffkqn] ;+;bLo v'nfkgn] k'/s ljifosf ¿kdf Jofks :t/sf] ;/sf/L

v'nfkg cfjZos 7fGb5 . o;} ;Gbe{df cem kf/bzL{, k|efjsf/L tyf pQ/bfoL
;/sf/ / zf;gsf nflu lgu/fgL ug{ ;lsg] k|lta4tf k|fKt ug{ v'nf ;/sf/
;fem]bf/L h:tf kxndfkm{t\ w]/} ;/sf/ gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;fem]bf/L ul//x]sf
5g\ . Af9\bf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf ;+;bLo cg'udg ug]{ gful/s ;dfh tyf ;xof]uL
;+u7gx¿ ;+;bsf] nf]stflGqs pQ/bfloTjsf] ;anLs/0fsf nflu ;fy{s tyf
;fem]bf/Lk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ rfxG5g, tyf pQm e"ldsf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
lgjf{xsf nflu ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf cfkm\gf] ;xh kx'Fr cfjZos 7fGb5g\ . ;+;bx¿
tyf ;+;bLo cg'udg ;+u7gaLr ePsf ;an ;fem]bf/Lsf w]/} pbfx/0f 5g\ h:fn]

! dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f !( / @! Tfyf gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;ª\3Lo cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwsf] wf/f !( / @% ;d]t .
@= oL d"No tyf dfkb08df OG6/ kfln{ofd]G6«L o'lgog, sdgj]Ny kfln{ofd]G6«L P;f]l;P;g, ;fpy clk|msg
8]enkd]G6 sDo'lg6L kfln{ofd]G6«L kmf]/d, P;]DAnL kflNf{ofd]G6fP/ 8Lnf km|]+sfkmf]gL tyf kfln{ofd]G6«L
sGkm]8]/];g ckm b cd]l/sfhåf/f tof/ kf/L cjnDag ul/Psf b:tfj]hx¿kb{5g\ .
#= o;df OG6/ kfln{ofd]G6«L o'lgog tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs dfldnf ljefuåf/f tof/
;+;bLo b:tfj]hx¿sf] dfu{bz{g @))( ;d]t kb{5g\ .

65
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] a[xQ/ v'nfkgnfO{ ;"lrt ub{5 . To;}sf/0f, k|ltlglwx¿n]

;+;bLo v'nfkg;DaGwL lgDglnlvt l;4fGt lgdf{0f u/]sf tyf o;nfO{ cem
a9L ;'wf/ ub}{ n}hfg] k|lt1f u/]sf 5g\ .

s= v'nfkg;DaGwL ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{g

!= ;;+bLo ;"rgfdf ;fj{hlgs :jfldTjsf] :jLsfo{tf
;+;bLo ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs x'g\ . gful/snfO{ To:tf ;"rgfsf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs¿kdf
k'gM k|of]u tyf k|sfzg ug{cg'dlt lbg' kg]{5 . of] l;4fGtsf] s'g} ckjfb jf
aGb]h sfg'gåf/f :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift x'g' kg]{5 .

@= sfg'gåf/f v'nfkg ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{g

sfg'g lgdf{0fsf ;fy} cfGtl/s sfo{ljlwsf lgodx¿ / cfrf/ ;+lxtf agfpg'
;+;bsf] sfd xf], h;n] ;/sf/L tyf ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf gful/s clwsf/sf]
k|Tofe"lt, v'nf ;/sf/sf] ;+:s[lt k|j4{g, /fhgLlts ljQsf] kf/blz{tfdf a9fjf,
cleJolQm :jtGqtf Pj+ ;+ul7t x'g] :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f, gful/s tyf gful/s
;dfhsf] ljwflosL k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu ;xh jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ug{ of]ubfg lbg]5 .

#= lgu/fgLdfkm{t\ v'nfkg ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f

;+;bn] cfkm\gf] lgu/fgL e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ v'nfkg;DaGwL sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{5 . ;fy} ;/sf/n] k"0f{ kf/bzL{ tj/n] cfkm\gf
sfdsf/afxL ;~rfng ug]{ tyf ;/sf/n] ;d]t v'nfkg ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{gsf]
k|Tofe"lt ug]{5 .

$= gful/s lzIffsf] k|j4{g

;+;bsf] lgod tyf sfo{ljlw, ;+;bsf] sfd / ;+;b tyf o;sf ;b:ox¿sf]
e"ldsfaf/] hgdfg;df vf;u/L o'jfdf hfgsf/L k|j4{g u/L gful/s lzIffsf]
;lqmo ;+j4{gsf] lhDd]jf/L ;+;b;Fu /x]sf] 5 .
66
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

%= gful/s tyf gful/s ;dfh;Fusf] ;+nUgtf

;+;bLo ultljlw tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf gful/s tyf gful/s ;dfhnfO{
lagfe]befj ;lqmo ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;+;bsf] xf] . o; k|lqmofn]
gful/s rfxgfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|ltlglwTj ub{5 tyf ;/sf/;dIf u'gf;f]
/fVg kfpg] gful/ssf] clwsf/nfO{ ;zQm agfpF5 .

^= :jtGq gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+/If0f

gful/s ;+3 ;+:yfx¿ lagfs'g} /f]s6f]s, :jtGqtfk"j{s ;~rfng x'g ;Sg]
jftfj/0fsf] k|Tofe"ltsf pkfox¿ Kf|f]T;fxg ug{' ;+;bsf] lhDd]jf/L xf] .

&= k|efjsf/L ;+;bLo cg'udgsf] ;anLs/0f

;+;bn] gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/ dfWod tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;+;b / ;+;b
;b:ox¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ clwsf/ tyf bfloTjsf] ;Ddfg ug]{5 . ;+;bLo
;"rgfsf] kx'Frdf /x]sf cj/f]wx¿nfO{ sd ub}{, k|efjsf/L cg'udgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ug{sf nflu ;+;bLo cg'udgdf ;+nUg gful/s ;+u7g tyf ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu
ul/g] ljrf/ ljdz{df ;+;bsf] ;xeflutf x'g]5 .

*= c;n cEof;sf] cfbfgk|bfg

cGo ;+;bx¿ tyf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿;Fu cGt/f{li6«o Pj+ If]qLo¿kdf
c;n cEof;x¿sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ;+;b ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL
x'g]5 . o; lqmofsnfkn] ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] v'nfkg tyf kf/blz{tfdf a9fjf
lbg]5, ;"rgf Pj+ ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] pkof]udf ;'wf/ Nofpg]5 tyf nf]stflGqs
l;4fGtx¿sf] cg';/0f ug{ an ldNg]5 .

(= sfg'gL pkrf/sf] k|Tofe"lt

;/sf/L jf ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr ljjflbt x'g k'u]df gful/snfO{
sfg'gL jf Goflos pkrf/sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{] u/L ;+;bn]
sfg'g agfpg]5 .

67
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

!)= k"0f{ ;"rgfsf] ;Dk|]if0f

s]xL :yflkt / :ki6 ckjfb afx]s ;+;bLo ;"rgf ;Dk"0f{ ;+;bLo ultljlw
emlNsg] u/L tyf ;Dej eP;Dd k"0f{¿kdf ;fj{hlgs¿kdf pknAw x'g]5g\ .

!!= ;d;fdlos ;"rgfsf] pknAwtf

;+;bLo ;"rgfx¿ ;dod} hgdfg;df pknAw u/fOg]5 . cfwf/e"t lgodsf
¿kdf o:tf ;"rgf tTIf0f pknAw u/fOg]5 . olb o;f] ug{ c;Dej eP
cfGtl/s¿kdf pknAw x'gf;fy ;+;bLo ;"rgfx¿ oyfzSo ;fj{hlgs¿kdf
;Dk|]if0f ul/g] 5 .

!@= ;xL ;"rgfsf] k|Tofe"lt

;+;bn] cflwsfl/s clen]v e08f/0f k|lqmofsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{5 / ;+;båf/f
gful/sdf hf/L ul/g] o:tf ;"rgf ;xL 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt lbOg]5 .

v= ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kf/blz{tf

!#= ;+;bLo kf/blz{tfsf] gLlt cª\uLsf/
;+;bn] To:tf gLltx¿sf] cjnDag ug]{5, h;n] ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf ;fy} To:tf
;"rgf k|sflzt ul/g] :j¿k;DaGwL gLltx¿n] cu|;lqmo ¿kdf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f
ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ub{5 . ;+;bLo kf/blz{tf;DaGwL gLltx¿nfO{ ;j{;'ne
agfOg]5 / k|ljlwut ljsf; tyf gjLgtd c;n cEof;x¿af6 nfe lngsf
nflu pQm gLltx¿sf] cfjlws ;dLIffsf zt{x¿ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . ;+;b;Fu
tTsfnsf nflu lj:t[t¿kdf ;+;bLo ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ Ifdtf gx'g ;Sb5,
o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf a[xQ/ hgtfsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu
;+;bn] gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{5 .

68
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

!$= ;+;bsf] e"ldsf tyf sfo{x¿sf af/] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]

;+;bn] cfkm\gf] tyf dftxtsf ;ldltsf] ;+j}wflgs e"ldsf, ;+/rgf, sfdsf/afxL,
cfGtl/s lgodx¿, k|zf;sLo k|lqmofx¿ tyf sfo{k|jfxsf af/]df ;"rgfx¿
;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .

!%= ;+;b ;b:ox¿sf] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]

;+;bn] gful/ssf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿sf] kl/ro, bnut cfa4tf,
r'gfjL hgfb]z, ;+;bdf v]n]sf] e"ldsf, xflh/L, lghL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kl/ro
/ lgh ;b:on] rfx]sf cGo s'g} klg cfk"m tyf cfkm\gf] kl/ro;Fu ;DalGwt
;"rgfx¿ cBfjlws u/L pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;+;b ;b:ox¿sf] ;+;bLo tyf
lgjf{rg If]q–:t/Lo sfof{nox¿sf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf ;d]t ;fj{hlgs ul/g] 5 .

!^= ;+;bLo sd{rf/L tyf k|zf;gaf/] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]

;+;bn] ;+;bLo ultljlw tyf k|lqmofx¿sf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
ug]{ k|zf;sLo sfo{k4lt tyf ;+;bLo sd{rf/Lsf] ;+/rgfaf/] ;"rgf pknAw
u/fpg]5 . gful/snfO{ ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;Dks{
7]ufgf ;d]t ;fj{hlgs¿kdf pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

!&= ;+;bLo Ph]08faf/] gful/snfO{ ;"lrt ug]{

gful/sx¿nfO{ ;+;bLo ultljlwx¿sf] sfo{tflnsf ;fy} ;+;b a}7s ;qsf]
ltyL–ldlt, lgwf{l/t dtbfg;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfx¿, :f+;bLo sfdsf/afxLsf]
qmdtflnsf tyf ;ldlt;dIf x'g] ;'g'jfOx¿sf] tflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt
b:tfj]hx¿ pknAw u/fOg]5 . cTofjZosLo sfg'g lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ h:tf ljz]if
cj:yfx¿df afx]s ;+;bn] gful/s tyf gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;+;bdf ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf ljifox¿df ;+;b ;b:ox¿;dIf cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVg lbg kof{Kt¿kdf
clu|d hfgsf/L lbg]5 .

69
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

!*= d:of}bf ljw]osdf gful/s ;+nUgtf

d:of}bf ljw]os ;+;bdf btf{ ePkZrft k|sfzgu/L ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . ;+;bdf
ljrf/flwg /x]sf ljifox¿af/] gful/s k"0f{¿kdf ;"lrt x'g'kg]{ tyf cfˆgf /fo
JoQm ug{ kfpg'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub{} ;+;bn] k|:tfljt sfg'gsf
;DaGwdf gLltut 5nkmnsf nflu kxn ug]{5, o;n] ljw]ossf] k[i7e"ld tyf
k|f/lDes ljZn]if0faf/] hgtfsf] a'emfOnfO{ yk kl/is[t ug]{5 .

!(= ;ldltsf sf/afxLsf clen]v k|sfzg

;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf / ;ldltdf cfPsf k|ltj]bg nufotsf b:tfj]hx¿,
;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfOsf qmddf ;fIfLx¿sf aofg, k|ltlnkLx¿ tyf ;ldltsf
sf/afxLsf clen]vnfO{ t'¿Gt} ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 .

@)= ;+;bLo dtx¿sf] clen]vLs/0f

cfˆgf dtbftfsf] dtbfg Jojxf/k|lt ;+;b ;b:ox¿sf] hjfkmb]xLtf ;'lglZrt
ug{sf nflu ;+;bn] clwsf+z cj:yfdf k"0f{ a}7sdf WjgL dtbfgsf] k|of]unfO{
sd u/L pkl:yt dtbfg jf ljB'tLo dtbfgsf] k|of]u ug]{5, h;af6 hgtfnfO{
JolQmljz]if ;b:osf] k"0f{ a}7s tyf ;ldltx¿df /x]sf] dtbfg Jojxf/sf]
clen]v pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5 . To;}u/L, ;+;bn] k|ltlglwdfk{mt\ ul/g]
dtbfgnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{5, ;fy} kf/blz{tf Pj+ nf]stflGqs hjfkmb]xLtfsf
dfGotfx¿nfO{ cjd"Nog gul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{5 .

@!= ;+;bsf] k"0f{ a}7ssf sf/afxLsf clen]vx¿ k|sfzg

;+;bn] o;sf k"0f{ a}7ssf] sf/afxLsf clen]vx¿ ;xh¿kdf pknAw x'g] u/L
tof/ kfg]{, Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf k|sfzg ug]{5 . ;+;bsf sf/afxLsf clen]vnfO{
k|fyldstfsf ;fy >Jo cyjf b[Zo :j¿kdf lgdf{0f u/L To;sf] lnlvt k|ltlnlk
jf b'¿:t ptf/ u/L :yfoL tj/n] cgnfOgdf /flvg]5 .

70
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

@@= ;+;bn] tof/ kf/]sf jf ;+;bnfO{ k|fKt ePsf k|ltj]bgx¿sf] k|sfzg

;+;båf/f tof/ kfl/Psf jf ;+;b, o;sf sfof{nox¿ jf ;ldltx¿;dIf k]z
ug{ nufOPsf jf k]z ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|ltj]bgx¿ sfg'gåf/f :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift
ul/Psf cj:yfx¿df afx]s ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5g\ .

@#= ah]6 tyf vr{ af/]sf ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{

/fli6«o ah]6 tyf ;fj{hlgs Joox¿sf ;fy} kl5Nnf, rfn' Pj+ cg'dflgt cfo
tyf Joox¿sf] Jofks, lj:t[t tyf ;/n hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{ ;+;bsf]
lhDd]jf/L xf] . To;}u/L, ;+;bsf] cfˆgf] ah]6sf ;fy} ah]6 sfof{Gjog, af]nkq
tyf s/f/x¿ k|sflzt ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] x'G5 . l;nl;n]jf/ juL{s/0fsf
;fy} ;/n efiffdf ;+If]kLs/0f u/L, JofVof cyjf k|ltj]bgx¿sf dfWodaf6
gful/ssf] hfgsf/L k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ah]6 ;"rgf ;Dk"0f{tfdf ;fj{hlgs
ul/g]5 .

@$=;DklQ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tyf ;bfrfl/tf ;'lglZrt ug]{

;+;b ;b:ox¿sf] ;bfrfl/tf / OdfGbfl/tfsf ;DaGwdf gful/snfO{ ;';"lrt
d"Nofª\sg tyf lg0f{o ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;+;bn] ;b:ox¿af/]
kof{Kt ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;}u/L ;+;bn] ;b:ox¿sf] ;DklQsf]
;fj{hlgsLs/0f, pgLx¿sf] ;+;bLo Joox¿ tyf u}/–;+;bLo cfox¿ h:t}M–
Aofh, nfef+z, k§f–e'QmfgL jf cGo vf; k|sf/sf nfe cflbsf af/]df kof{Kt
;"rgf gful/ssf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .

@%= cg}lts cfr/0f tyf ;Defljt :jfy{sf] åGåaf/] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs

;+;bn] jf:tljs jf ;Defljt :jfy{x¿aLrsf] åGå tyf g}lts cfr/0fsf]
pNnª\3gaf6 ;'/lIft /xg tyf ;b:ox¿sf] k}/jLstf{ tyf bafa ;d"xx¿;Fusf]
cGtlqm{of;DaGwL ;fGble{s ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{ :ki6¿kdf
kl/eflift lgodx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{5 . ;+;bn] cg}lts sfo{, :jfy{sf åGåx¿
jf e|i6frf/ cf/f]kx¿sf ;DaGwdf ePsf s'g} klg Goflos cyjf ;+;bLo
cg';Gwfgsf clGtd lgisif{x¿ af/]sf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .
71
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

@^= P]ltxfl;s ;"rgfdf kx'Fr lbg]

;+;bsf cl3Nnf ;qx¿sf ;"rgfnfO{ l8lh6fOH8 u/L gful/snfO{ rL/sfn;Dd
lagfs'g} sfg'gL c8\rg jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf k'gM k|of]usf nflu pknAw u/fOg]5 .
;+;bn] cfˆgf] ;"rgf c+sLs/0f u/L ;fj{hlgs ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+;bLo
;"rgfnfO{ lagfs'g} cj/f]w k|jfx ug{] sfo{df ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu afXo
;+:yfx¿;Fu ldnL sfo{ ug]{5 . ;+;bn] ;+;bsf] P]ltxfl;s ;"rgf gful/s tyf
;+;b ;b:ox¿n] x]g{ ;Sg] u/L ;+;bLo k':tsfnodf ;fj{hlgs kx'Fr lbg]5 .

u= ;+;bLo ;"rgfdf ;xh kx“'r

@&= ;"rgfdf kx'Frsf nflu ljleGg dfWodx¿ pknAw u/fpg]
;+;bn] :j–cjnf]sg, 5fkf dfWod, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f tyf OG6/g]6
Pj+ df]afOn pks/0f k|ljlw;lxt ljleGg dfWodx¿af6 cfˆgf] sfd af/]sf]
;"rgfdf kx'Fr k|bfg ug{]5 .

@*= ef}lts kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf

;fj{hlgs ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf / 7fpFsf] pknAwtf nufotsf s'/fn] ;fy
lbPdf ;+;b / ;+;bsf] k"0f{ a}7s x/]s gful/snfO{ ef}lts pkl:yltsf nflu
v'nf x'g]5 .

@(= ;~rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf

;+;bn] ;~rf/ dfWod / :jtGq ko{j]IfsnfO{ ;+;bLo ultljlw tyf sf/afxLdf
k"0f{ kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{]5 . ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ kx'Fr k|bfg ug{] dfkb08 /
k|lqmof :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift / ;fj{hlgs¿kdf pknAw x'g]5 .

#)= k|ToIf tyf dfu adf]lhdsf] k|;f/0f / k|jfxsf] pknAwtf

gful/snfO{ ;+;bLo sf/afxLaf/] jf:tljs ;do tyf rfx]sf avt clen]vdfly
kx'Fr k|bfg ug{ /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ k|of; ul/g]5 .

72
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

#!= b]ze/ kx'Fr ;xhLs/0f ug]{

;Dej eP;Dd ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr ef}uf]lns sl7gfOn] ;Lldt x'g]5}g .

j]a;fO6sf] k|of]un] lagf ef}uf]lns sl7gfO ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] kx'Frdf s]xL

;xhtf ePklg OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr / pkof]u ;Lldt ePsf b]zx¿df ;+;bn]
b]ze/ ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ;fj{hlgs kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ cGo dfWodx¿sf]
vf]hL ug]{5 .

#@= ;/n efiffsf] k|of]u

;+;bLo ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ vf]Hg] gful/snfO{ sfg'gL jf k|fljlws efiff afws
aGg] 5}g egL ;+;bn] ;'lglZrt ug{5] . sfg'g agfpsf nflu ;l6s efiffsf]
cfjZostf af]w ul/P klg ljljw k[i7e"ld / ljz]if1tf ePsf ;+;b ;b:ox¿ /
gful/snfO{ ;+;bLo ;"rgf ;lhn} pknAw x'g] / ;xh} a'em\g ;lsg] agfpg ;/n
efiffdf zf/f+;x¿ / o:t} cGo pkfox¿sf] ljsf; ug'{ ;+;bsf] st{Jo x'g5
] .

##= ljljw /fli6«o jf sfdsfhL efiffsf] k|of]u

hxfF ;+ljwfg jf ;+;bLo lgodn] ;+;bdf ljljw /fli6«o jf sfdsfhL efiff k|of]usf]
cg'dlt k|bfg ub{5, ToxfF ;+;bn] bf]efif]dfkm{t\ ;+;bLo sf/afxLsf] ;dsfnLs
JofVof tyf clen]vsf] zL3| cg'jfb pknAw u/fpg ;d'lrt k|of; ug{5 ] .

#$= lgMz'Ns kx'Fr

gful/ssf nflu ;+;bLo ;"rgf lgjf{w¿kdf kx'Fr /xg], k'gMk|of]u ug{ ;lsg] /
lgMz'Ns¿kdf ;fem]bf/L ug{ ;lsg] u/L pknAw x'g]5 .

73
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

3= ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] ljB'tLo ;Dk|]if0f

#%= v'nf / ;+/rgfut b'j} :j¿kdf ;"rgfsf] pknAwtf
;+;bLo ;"rgf v'nf tyf ;+/rgfut :j¿kdf ;ª\sng tyf hf/L ul/g]5, Hf:t}
XML:j¿k, h;nfO{ sDKo'6/df k9\g tyf cGo lsl;dn] k|of]u tyf kl/is[t ug{
;lsG5 . o;/L ;+of]hg ul/Psf ;+;bLo ;"rgf gful/s, gful/s ;dfh, lghL
If]q tyf ;/sf/L ta/df ;lhn};Fu k'gMk|of]u tyf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

#^= k|ljlwut pkof]lutfaf/] k|f]T;fxg

;+;bn] s'g} klg cgnfOg 8f6fj]; jf cGo dfWod tyf logsf] k|of]uaf/]
:ki6 lgb]{zg lbO{ ;+;bLo ;"rgfsf] k|ljlwut pkof]lutfaf/] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .
oL pkfosf] cjnDagn] ;+;bLo j]a;fO6af6 ;+;bLo ;"rgf k'gM k|fKt ug{
gful/snfO{ ;Ifd agfpF5 . ;+;bn] k|ljlwsf k|of]ustf{ tyf of] k4ltaLr
Ps tx;Ddsf] ;xhtf lgdf{0f ub{5, ;fy} o;df cem ;'wf/ ug{ / pkof]lutf
a9fpg c;n cEof;sf] ;d]t k|of]u ug]{5 .

#&= gful/ssf] uf]kgLotfsf] ;'/Iff

;+;bLo j]a;fO6df Ps :ki6 tyf ;ª\lIfKt uf]kgLotf gLlt x'g]5, h;n]
gful/s k|of]ustf{nfO{ s;/L ltgsf] JolQmut ljj/0f k|of]u e}/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L b]cf];\ . ;+;bLo j]a;fO6df ;"rgfsf] ;fj{hlgs kx'FrnfO{ cj/f]w
pTkGg ug]{ u/L o;af6 ;"rgf lng ;b:otf lng'kg]{ jf btf{ x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg
/flvg] 5}g, ;fy} k|of]ustf{sf] JoQm ;xdltlagf JolQmut lrgf/L v'Ng] ljj/0f
;d]t vf]hL ul/g] 5}g .

#*= u}/–:jfldTj :j¿k tyf v'nf–;|f]t ;km\6j]o/sf] k|of]u

;+;bn] :jfldTj/xLt, v'nf :j¿ksf tyf lgMz'Ns / v'nf–;|f]t ePsf ;km\6j]o/
PlKns];gsf] k|fyldstfk"j{s pkof]u u/L l8hL6n ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]5 .

74
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

#(= k'gM k|of]usf] nflu 8fpgnf]8 cg'dlt

;+;bLo ;"rgf ;xh¿kdf k'gMk|of]u cg'dltsf nflu Psd'i6 tyf pko'Qm
k|n]lvt :j¿kdf ;lhn};Fu 8fpgnf]8 x'g]5g\ .

$)= ;+;bLo j]a;fO6sf] plrt Joj:yfkg

cfw'lgs tyf k/:k/ cGt/;DalGwt xfnsf] ljZj kl/j]zdf OG6/g]6sf] ;Lldt
pkof]u ePsf /fi6«x¿df klg Ps Jofks tyf lj:t[t hfgsf/L ;lxtsf]
;+;bLo j]a;fO6sf] Joj:yfkg tyf lgoldt cBfjlws ;+;bLo kf/blz{tf tyf
v'nfkgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . ;+;bLo ;"rgfx¿ ljB'tLo :j¿kdf pknAw
x'g] tyf Ps cTofjZosLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf ¿kdf cgnfOg k|;f/0fnfO{ dflgg]
s'/fnfO{ ;+;bn] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .

$!= ;xh tyf lbuf] vf]hL ;+oGqsf] pkof]u

;+;bn] gful/ssf nflu rfx]cg';f/sf] ;+;bLo ;"rgf ;Dej eP;Dd l56f] /
;xh} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] agfpg]5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu pko'Qm d]6f8f6f k|of]u
u/L ;/n tyf hl6n b'a} vf]h ;+oGqnfO{ ;lqmo agfO 8f6fa]; lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
o:tf ;"rgf nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/xg] :yfoL k|s[ltsf] :yfgaf6 pknAw x'g]5g\,
h:t}– nuftf/ rfn' /xg] :yfoL k|s[ltsf]] j]ak]hnfO{ o:fsf] pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf
lng ;lsG5 .

$@= ;DalGwt ;"rgf;Fu hf]8\g]

;+;bn] ;fGble{s ;+;bLo ;"rgf vf]hL u/L To:tf ;"rgfnfO{ ;DalGwt cGo
;"rgf;Fu hf]8\g] gful/ssf] Ifdtf ;'wf/sf nflu kxn ug]{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu,
s'g} ljw]ossf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{nfO{ cl3Nnf] ;+:s/0fsf] sfg'g;Fu, ;ldltsf
;fGble{s k|ltj]bgx¿;Fu, lj1sf jofg tyf ljrf/;Fu, k|fof]lht ;+zf]wgx¿;Fu
tyf ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] s'g} kIfaf/] ePsf ;+;bLo 5nkmnsf] cIf/zM -cfjfh
;lxtsf]_ clen]vsf] lx:;f;Fu hf]l8g] ljifox¿ cflb o;df kb{5g\ .

75
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

$#= ;hu u/fpg] -cn6{_ ;]jf k|of]udf hf]8

;Dej eP;Dd ;+;bn] gful/snfO{ ljz]if k|sf/sf ;+;bLo ultljlwx¿sf]
hfgsf/Lsf nflu Od]n, P;PdP; ;Gb]zdfkm{t\ ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ jf cGo
Kf|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ;r]t u/fpg] ;]jf lng ;Sg] gful/ssf] Ifdtf lgdf{0fdf
hf]8 lbg]5 .

$$= bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/sf] ;xhLs/0f

;+;bn] sfg'g lgdf{0f tyf cGo ;+;bLo ultljlwdf cy{k"0f{ ljrf/ tyf ;'emfj
lbg ;Sg] cGt/lqmofTds k|ljlw tyf pkfosf] k|of]u ug{ e/dUb'/ k|oTg ug]{5 .
o;n] ;+;b tyf ;+;bLo sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{
gful/s Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{5 .

76
 v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

;|f]t ;Gbe{
• bfxfn, tf/fgfy– hfgsf/L kq , v'nf ;/sf/ ;xsfo{ Ps kl/ro . @)&@
• https://www.opengovpartnership.org/resources
• k|ltj]bg, v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/Ldf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL ;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/;
;ldlt, @)&@
• k'l:tsf v'nf ;/sf/ M gful/s ;fem]bf/L, FHI 360 Nepal
• Research paper: Advancing Open Government and Evaluating its Impact
(OGP)
• bLuf] ljsf; Ph]08f @)#) / bLuf] ljsf; nIox¿af/] hfgsf/L k'l:tsf,
u};; dxf;+3
• OGP now: How is OGP delivering for civil society¿ (OGP)
• PPT: OGP Introduction by Taranath Dahal, 2075/76 Freedom Forum
• PPT: Krishnahari Banskota, 2075 NIC
• Open parliaments, results and expectations `edited by EdurdoBohorquez/2015
• Blog 'OGP as a platform to build trust and culture of openness in Nepal,
Krishna Sapkota (2005).
• Inter-Parliament Guide on Parliament & Democracy
• The open parliament e-Network
• xdf/L ;+;b M ;'efif sfo:y
• www ogp govpartnership.org
• www.opening parliament .org
• Declaration on Parliamentary Openness/2012
• www.ccrinepal.org.np
• www.freedomforum.org.np

77
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

• Ppt on parliamentary reporting : Taranath Dahal

• PPt on open parliamentary : Taranath Dahal
• Ppt on parliament report card : Taranath Dahal
• ;ª\3Lo ;+;b, sfg'g lgdf{0f;DaGwL kl/rofTds k'l:tsf,;ª\3Lo ;+;b,
;lrjfno ;+;b ;xof]u kl/of]hgf, /fi6«;3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd
• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
• k|ltlglw ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&%
• /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&%
• Article 'Informed parliament for evidence-based decision-making, Krishna
Sapkota.

78
lk|m8d kmf]/d cg';Gwfg Pj+ jsfntstf{ k|fl1s ;d'bfosf] ;femf kxn xf] . nf]stGq,
dfgjclwsf/, k|]; :jtGqtf / /fi6«sf] ;dljsf;df ;dlk{t /xg] p2]Zon] @)^@
;fndf o;sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . dfgj :jtGqtfsf] pRrtd d"Nok|lt k|ltj4
kqsf/, sfg'g Joj;foL, dfgj clwsf/sdL{, k|fWofks–lzIfs, ;dfhzf:qL tyf
ljsf; sfo{stf{x?sf] ;femf d~rsf ¿kdf of] kmf]/d :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . k|]; tyf
cleAolQm :jtGqtf, ;"rgfsf] xs, jh]6 kf/blz{tf, lgjf{rg tyf nf]stflGqs Zff;g
k|0ffnL, ;fj{hlgs ljQ Jofj:yfkg / ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf k|j4{gsf ultljlwdfkm{t
cfd hgtfnfO{ nf]stGqsf] k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg of] ;+:yf k|of;/t
5 . ;d'Ggt nf]stflGqs ;dfh o;sf] nIo xf] . d'n'ssf ljleGg If]qdf 5l/P/
/x]sf :jtGqtfsf k'hf/Lx? o;sf ;b:o jGg ;S5g\ . gful/s ;dfh, cfd;~rf/,
k];fut If]q / tNnf] txsf ;fd'bflos ;+u7g;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ cufl8 j9\g] xfd|f]
gLlt /x]sf] 5 . ;Dk'0f{ :jtGqtf dfgj ;Eotfsf] cgGt rfxgf xf] . :jtGqtfeGbf
d"Nojfg c¿ s]xL 5}g eGg] lk|m8d kmf]/d 7fG5 .
v'nf ;/sf/
/ v'nf ;+;b

lk|m8d kmf]/d ;+;b ;xof]u kl/of]hgf÷o"Pgl8kL

yfkfynL, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn tf/f xfp;, ;fg]kf, nlntk'/
kf]i6 aS;M @$@(@
kmf]gM $!)@)#)÷$!)@)@@ kmf]gM %)!#)%^
FR

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ED R Od]nM info@freedomforum.org.np j]eM np.undp.org/PSP

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www.freedomforum.org.np
80