d = 8 and m = 9

Question 1: The weights of certain machine components are normally distributed with a
mean of 89 g and a standard deviation of 8 g. Find the two weights that separate the top 8%
and the bottom 8%. (Theses weights could serve as limits used to identify which components
should be rejected.)
SOLUTION
Using Z chart, the "z" value that separates the top 8% and the bottom 8% is
Z = 1.41 and z = - 1.41

Let the weight be "x": z = (x-mu)/sigma

1.41 = (x-89)/8
x= 8*1.41+89
x = 100.28 lbs is the weight that separates the top 8%.

-1.41= (x-89)/8
x = 8(-1.41)+89
x = 77.72 lbs is the weight that separates the bottom 8%

Question 2: A study of the amount of time it takes a mechanic to rebuild the transmission for
a new model of Chevrolet Cavalier shows that the mean is 8.125 hours and the standard
deviation is 17/9 hours. If 49 mechanics are randomly selected, find the probability that their
mean rebuild time is less than 7.875 hours.
SOLUTION
Z = (x - mean)/sigma/sqrt(n)
Z = (7.875 – 8.125)/(17/9)/sqrt(49)
Z = - 0.926
Z = - 0.926 has a P value of 0.175
17.5% probability that their mean rebuild time is less than 7.875 hours.

Question 3: In a survey of 5400 T.V. viewers, 30% said they watch network news programs.
Find the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval used to estimate the population
proportion.
SOLUTION
We have N = 5400 TV viewers, and 30% watch network news, thus ^p = 0.3.We need to look
up the Z value from a Cumulative Standardized Normal table for the 95% confidence level.
We need a Z value for the area under the normal curve for 95% probability, thus the area must
be between 2.5% and 97.5%. In the table at 0.975 probability we find the value of Z = 1.96.
Now use this value and calculate the margin of error:
1.96sqrt(0.3(1−0.3)/5400) = 0.01222

Question 4: A laboratory tested 89 chicken eggs and found that the mean amount of
cholesterol was 209 milligrams with the standard deviation s = 10.8 milligrams. Construct a
99 percent confidence interval for the true mean cholesterol content, μ, of all such eggs.
SOLUTION
Significant level: α : 1 – 0.99 = 0.01
Sample size: n = 89
Critical value: za/2 = 2.575
Sample mean: x = 209
Standard devitation: σ = 10.8
The confidence interval for population mean is given by:

10.8
= 209± 2.575 * = 209± 2.95 = (209 – 2.95, 209 + 2.95)
√(89)
= (206.05, 211.95)
Thus, the 99% confidence interval for the true mean cholesterol content, μ, of all such eggs =
(206.05, 211.95)
Question 5: Consider the system of components connected as in the accompanying picture.
Components 1 and 2 are connected in parallel, so that subsystem works iff either 1 or 2
works; since 3 and 4 are connected in series, that subsystem works iff both 3 and 4 work. If
components work independently of one another and
P(component 1 works) = P(component 2 works) = 0.8
P(component 3 works) = P(component 4 works) = 0.55
Calculate P(system works).

SOLUTION
- The probability of components work:
P(1) = P(2) = 0.8 (parallel)
P(3) = P(4) = 0.55 (series)
- Calling 1, 2 as subsystem A and 3, 4 as subsystem B
- So, P(A) = Either 1 or 2 components work = P(A1 ∪ A2)
P(B) = Both 3 and 4 components work = P(B1) * P(B2)
So the probability of system working is the union of A and B for the system to work,
remember that each component (1, 2, 3, 4) working is independent of each other. We have:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A) * P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = P(A1 ∪ A2) + P(B1) * P(B2) – P(A) * P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = P(A1) + P(A2) – P(A1) * P(A2) + P(B1) * P(B2) - P(A) * P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = (0.8 + 0.8 – 0.82) + 0.552 – P(A) * P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = 0.96 + 0.3025 – P(A) * P(B)
P(A ∪ B) = 0.96 + 0.3025 – 0.96 * 0.3025
P(A ∪ B) = 0.9721
Question 6: A recent study indicated that 28% of the 900 women over age 55 in the study
were widows.
a. How large a sample must you take to be 99% confident that the estimate is within 0.045 of
the true proportion of women over age 55 who are widows?
b. If no estimate of the sample proportion is available, how large should the sample be?
SOLUTION
a. The sample size is determined by the formula:

P = 0.28
E = 0.045
Significant level: α : 1 – 0.99 = 0.01
Critical value: za/2 = 2.575

2.575 2
n = 0.28 * (1 – 0.28) * ( ¿ = 0.28 * 0.72 * 3274.38 = 660.1156 ≈ 660
0.0 4 5
A sample of 660 must be taken to be 99% confident that the estimate is within 0.045
of the true proportion of women over age 55 who are widows
b. If no estimate of the sample proportion is available it is taken as 0.50.
P = 0.5
2.575 2
n = 0.52 * ( ¿ = 0.52 * 3274.38 = 818.6 ≈ 819
0.0 4 5
The sample size should be 819 if no estimate of the sample proportion is available.

Question 7:
x y u=x-x v=y- y u2 v2 uv
1 11.9 -7.5 -207.16875 56.25 42918.8909
8
2 20.5 -6.5 -198.56875 42.25 39429.5484
8
3 33.4 -5.5 -185.66875 30.25 34472.8847
3
4 50.9 -4.5 -168.16875 20.25 28280.7284
8
5 72 -3.5 -147.06875 12.25 21629.2172
 3
6 96.7 -2.5 -122.36875 6.25 14974.1109
8
7 125.8 -1.5 -93.26875 2.25 8699.05972
7
8 158.1 -0.5 -60.96875 0.25 3717.18847
7
9 195.1 0.5 -23.96875 0.25 547
10 236.5 1.5 17.43125 2.25
11 281.2 2.5 62.13125 6.25
12 330.7 3.5 111.63125 12.25
13 383.2 4.5 164.13125 20.25
14 440.9 5.5 221.83125 30.25
15 501.4 6.5 282.33125 42.25
16 566.8 7.5 347.73125 56.25

Σx 136
x= = = 8.5
n 16
Σ y 3505.5
y= = = 21.06875
n 16