Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

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determines how much you know about the lessons and identifies the areas you ought to learn.
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activities;
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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY – GRADE 11 CORE SUBJECT

3rd Quarter

Week 9
I. OBJECTIVES (Specific Objectives)

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Identify the length of a confidence interval;

2. Compute for the length of the confidence interval; and
3. Solve problems involving appropriate sample size using the length of interval and sample
size determination.

II. CONTENTS

A. Motivation
Let us review the following concepts below:
1. How to find the distance of two certain points, which refers to point of origin and
terminal point? Analyze the illustration below.
Considering A as reference point and B as terminal point, to get the distance AB we
simply subtract A from B. In symbol: /AB/ = B – A

2. What is confidence level? Confidence level refers to the probability that the confidence
interval contains the true population parameter, while α is the probability that the
confidence interval does not contain the true population parameter.

c.f = (1 – α) 100%
3. What is critical value? Critical value is the value that indicates the point beyond which
lies the rejection region.
4. What is 𝜌̂? Sample proportion 𝜌�̂ is the point estimator of population proportion
ρ.

𝒙
̂=
𝝆
𝒏
5. Steps in finding 𝐳𝐚
𝟐
a. Find the value of α, since confidence level is given.
𝐚
b. Find
𝟐

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
 𝐚
c. Subtract the value of from 0.5, considered as area.
𝟐
d. Locate the area in the Areas under the Normal Curve Table.

e. The equivalent z value, is now the value of 𝒛 .

𝟐

B. Lesson Proper

Finding the length of a confidence interval is easy to determine. It simply refers to the
absolute difference between the upper confidence limit and the lower confidence limit.
In symbol, LCI = /UCL – LCL/

where: LCI = Length of Confidence Interval

UCL = Upper Confidence Limit

LCL = Lower Confidence Limit

C. Discussion
Example # 1: Find the length of the following confidence intervals.
a. 0.257 < ρ < 0.503

b. 0.456 < ρ < 0.625

Solution:
a. LCI = UCL – LCL
= 0.503 – 0.257
= 0.246
b. LCI = UCL – LCL
= 0.625 – 0.456
= 0.169

How will you determine the Length of Confidence Interval for Population Proportion? Let
us analyze the formula for confidence interval for population proportion ρ.

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
 ̂ (
𝝆 ̂)
𝝆
̂±𝒛 √
𝝆=𝝆 or ̂±𝑬
𝝆=𝝆
𝟐 𝒏
̂ (
𝝆 ̂)
𝝆 ̂ (
𝝆 ̂)
𝝆
̂−𝒛 √
𝝆 ̂+𝒛 √
<𝝆<𝝆
𝟐 𝒏 𝟐 𝒏

𝜌̂ − 𝐸 < 𝜌 < 𝑝̂ + 𝐸

Where:
p = population proportion ̂= −
𝐳𝐚 = ̂= −̂
𝟐

̂̂
E = margin of error = ±𝐳𝐚 √ n = sample size
𝟐

Lower Confidence Limit = 𝜌̂ − 𝐸

Upper Confidence Limit = 𝜌̂ + 𝐸

Example # 2: Find the length of the confidence interval given the following data:

a. ̂ = 0.25, n = 300, confidence level: 95%

b. ̂ = 0.48, n = 210, confidence level: 90%

Solution:
a. Step 1: Find α. Since confidence level: 95%, therefore α = 5% or 0.05

Step 2: Find : 𝟐
.
𝟐
= 𝟐
=0.025

area = 0.5000-0.025=0.4750

equivalent z-value, Z= 1.96 from Z-table

Step 6: Find the value of E.

̂ ( ̂) . ( . ) . ( . )
E=± √ =± . √ =± . √ = ± . √.

E=± . ( . )= .

Step 7: Since LCI = 2E, then LCI = 2(0.049) = 0.098.

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
 Therefore, the Length of the Confidence Interval is 0.098.
b. Step 1: Find α. Since confidence level: 90%, therefore α = 10% or 0.1

Step 2: Find
2
𝟐
= 𝟐 = .

Step 3: Find the difference between 0.5 and 0.05. 0.5 – 0.05 = 0.45
Step 4: Find the equivalent z value of 0.4500 using the z-table.
Step 5: Since there is no area equivalent to 0.4500 in z-table, consider the nearest
area, in this case there are two nearest area 0.4495 and 0.4505, consider the
highest nearest area. So, the value of = 1.65
2
Step 6: Find the value of E.
̂ ( ̂) . ( . ) . ( . )
E=± √ =± . √ =± . √ = ± . √.
E=± . ( . ) = . 567 = 0.057

Step 7: Since LCI = 2E, then LCI = 2(0.057) = 0.114.

Therefore, the Length of the Confidence Interval is 0.114.

Suppose you want to determine the LCI of the Population mean with known variance,
how will it be?
Let us consider also the formula for confidence interval of population mean with known
variance.
E = ±𝒛 ( 𝒏)
𝟐 √

Analyzing the process above, we can conclude that in order to find the LCI of the population
mean with known variance, we simply replace the formula for margin of error (E). That is, LCI =
2E

Where: E = ±z_(a/2) (σ/√n)

Example 3: Find the length of the interval estimate given the following data:
a. ơ= 0.3, n = 48, confidence level: 95%
b. ơ= 0.75, n = 56, confidence level: 99%

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
Solution:
a. Step 1: Find α. Since confidence level: 95%, therefore α = 5% or 0.05
Step 2: Find .
2
𝛼 = 0.05 =0.025
2 2
Step 3: Find the difference between 0.5 and 0.025.
0.5 – 0.025 = 0.4750
Step 4: Find the equivalent z value of 0.4750 using the z-table.
Step 5: Since the equivalent z-value of 0.4750 is 1.96, then the value of = 1.96
2
Step 6: Find the value of E.
.
E= 1.96 ( )= . ( . ) =0.085
√

Step 7: Since LCI= 2E, then LCI = 2(04.8085) = 0.17 -- Length of the Confidence Interval

b. Step 1: Find α. Since confidence level: 99%, therefore α = 1% or 0.01

Step 2: Find 𝛼 = 0.01 =0.005
2 2 2

Step 3: Find the difference between 0.5 and 0.005.

0.5 – 0.005 = 0.4950

Step 4: Find the equivalent z value of 0.4950 using the z-table.

Step 5: Since there is no area equivalent to 0.4950 in z-table, consider the nearest area, in
this case there are two nearest area 0.4949 and 0.4951, consider the highest
nearest area. So, the value of = 2.58

Step 6: Find the value of E.

.
𝑬 = 𝒛 ( 𝒏) = 𝟐. ( ) = 𝟐. ( . 𝟐) = . 𝟐
𝟐 √ √
Step 7: Since LCI = 2E, then LCI = 2(0.259) = 0.518--- Length of the Confidence Interval

Estimating the sample size for estimating 𝒑�

a. When an estimated standard deviation is known

𝒛 𝟐
̂ ̂ ( 𝟐)
𝒏=𝒑 ̂ = ̂
−𝒑
𝑬

b. When an estimated standard deviation is unknown

𝒛 𝟐
= . 𝟐 ( 𝟐 ) Where: 0.25 is a constant
𝑬

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
Example 1: Find the sample size required to estimate a population proportion given the following
data

a. 𝑝̂ = 0.45, 𝐸 = 0.032, confidence level: 90%

.
Solution: Find: = = . and 0.5000-0.05=0.4500
therefore, = . ̂ = ̂ = 1-0.45 =0.55
−𝒑
.
𝒏=( . )( . )( ) = . =
.

b. Unknown with constant 0.25, E=0.045, confidence level: 98%

.
= . = = . . − . = .
therefore: 𝒛 = .
𝟐

.
𝒏= . ( .
) = . =

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9
III. Reference
Statistics and Probability, First Edition by: Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay, Efren B. Mateo
https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-find-the-area-under-the-normal-distribution-
curve-to-the-right-of-z-3

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: Statistics and Probability – Grade 11 Core Subject
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 9