Motion in a

2 Straight Line

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INTRODUCTION  
Here Displacement S == = 5iˆ =
S AD – iˆ 4iˆ m
The branch of physics in which motion and the forces causing \ |displacement| = 4 m
motion are studied is called mechanics.   
Also distance covered, 1 = AB + BC + CD = 2 + 3 + 2 = 7 m
As a first step in studying mechanics, we describe the motion
of particles and bodies in terms of space and time without Here |displacement| < Distance
studying the cause of motion. This part of mechanics is Average Velocity
called kinematics. We first define displacement, velocity 
and acceleration. Then, using these concepts, we study the The average velocity Vavg is the ratio of the total displacement
motion of the objects moving under different conditions. 
∆r and total time (Dt) taken to complete that displacement. It
In the second section of mechanics we study the motion of 
particles with the reason behind the motion that is force. should be noted that Vavg is independent of path as displacement
That section will be known as dynamics is independent of path.
From everyday experience, we recognize that motion represents   
→ ∆r r f − rin ....(2-2)
continuous change in position, so we begin our study with change V avg
= =
∆t ∆t
in position i.e. with displacement.
Unit for Vavg is the meter per second (m/s). The average velocity
BASIC DEFINITIONS 
Vavg always has the same sign as the displacement ∆r
 
Displacement ( S or ∆r ) :
Average Speed
Change in position vector of any particles or group of particles is
Totaldistance travelled l
called displacement. Average speed = =
Total timeinterval ∆t
Its magnitude is minimum distance between final and initial point,
It is a scalar and always has positive sign.
and is directed from initial position to final position.
For a particle moving along x axis, motion from one position x1 to  KEY NOTE
another position x2 is displacement, Dx where,
Magnitude of displacement would be equal to distance
Dx = x2 – x1 travelled if there is no change in direction during the whole
If the particle moves from x1 = 4m to x2 = 12 m, then Dx = (12m) motion.
– (4m) = + 8m. The positive result indicates that the motion is in In general, |Displacement| ≤ |Distance|
the positive direction. If the particle then returns to x = 4m, the |Average Velocity ≤ |Average speed
displacement for the full trip is zero. The actual number of meters
covered for the full trip is irrelevant displacement involves only TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
the original and final position.
 Q. Four persons A,B,C and D initially at the corners of a square
In general if initial position vector and final position vector are rin of side length ‘d’. If every person starts moving with same
     speed v such that each one faces the other person diagonally
and r f respectively, then S = r f – rin = ∆r
opposite to him always, the person will meet after time
Distance d 2d
(a) (b)
Length of total path traversed by a body during its motion is called v v
distance. d d
(c) (d)
It is dependent on the path chosen, thus for motion between 2v 2v
two fixed points A and B we can have many different values
of distance traversed. It is a scalar quantity, as length of path
has no indication of direction in it. Its SI unit is metre (m) and Ans. (d)
dimensions is (L).
eg. Suppose a particle moves from position A to B as shown after

travelling from A to B to C to D.
y 2d
AO = BO = CO = DO =
2
d
=
2
3m hence Total time taken will be
B C
2m distance
2m =
velocity
D x
A d
(5,0) m =
(1,0)m 2v
36 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity is defined as the value approached by the
average velocity when the time interval for measurement becomes Ans. (a)
closer and closer to zero, i.e. Dt → 0. Mathematically
∆x
v(t ) = lim
∆t →0 ∆t 1 2S 2S
=
S = Vmax t1 or t1 = ; 2 S V= max t2 or t 2
Thus instantaneous velocity function is the derivative with respect 2 Vmax Vmax
dx(t )
to time of the displacement function. ν(t ) =
dt 1 10 S Totaldisplacement
=
5S = Vmax t3 or t 3 ; Vav =
Instantaneous Speed 2 V max
Total time

It is the measure of how fast a particle or a body is moving at S + 2 S + 5S Vav 8S 4

Vav =
10 S ;
= =
a particular instant. It is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity. 2S
Vmax 2S
+ Vmax + Vmax Vmax 14 S 7
Thus particle moving with instantaneous velocity of + 5m/s and
another moving with –5m/s will have same instantaneous speed (OR)
of 5 m/s.
Vav Toatldisplacement
=  →

Vmax  totaldisplacement   Displacement 
 KEY NOTE 2 during acceleration + During uniform 
 and reatardaton   velocity 
   
The speedometer in a car measure the instantaneous speed not
the instantaneous velocity, because it cannot determine the Vav 8S 8 4

\ = = =
direction. Vmax 2 ( S + 5S ) + 2 S 14 7

Average Acceleration  KEY NOTE

   For motion on a straight line its algebraic sign represents its
 ∆v v − v1
a=
av = direction on an axis just as for displacement and velocity; that is,
∆t ∆t acceleration with a positive value is in the positive direction of
The direction of average acceleration vector is the direction of the an axis, and acceleration with a negative value is in the negative
change in velocity vector. direction.

Instantaneous Acceleration Uniform acceleration: A body is said to have uniform acceleration

The Instantaneous Acceleration (or simply acceleration) is the if magnitude and direction of the acceleration remains constant
derivative of the velocity with respect to time. during particle motion.
 Non-uniform acceleration: A body is said to have non-uniform
 dv
a= acceleration, if magnitude or direction or both, change during motion.
dt
In words, the acceleration of a particle at any instant is the rate at
which its velocity is changing at that instant. TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
   Q. A car starts from rest and travels with uniform acceleration a
 dv d dr d 2r
a= = ( )= 2 for some time and then with uniform retardation b and comes
dt dt dt dt to rest. If the total time of travel of the car is ‘t’, the maximum
In another words, the acceleration of a particle at any instant is the
velocity attained by it is given by
second derivative of its position vector with respect to time.
Acceleration has both magnitude and direction (it is yet another αβ 1 αβ 2
(a) t (b) t
vector quantity). (α + β) 2 (α + β)
αβ 1 αβ 2
(c) t (d) t
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN (α − β) 2 (α − β)
Q. A body starts from rest and travels a distance S with uniform Ans. (a) maximum velocity v = at1 = bt2 and t = t1 + t2
acceleration, then moves uniformly a distance 2S and
finally comes to rest after moving; further 5S under uniform v v
+ =t ⇒ v =
( αβ ) t
⇒
retardation. Find the ratio of average velocity to maximum α β ( α + β)
velocity
DERIVATION OF FIRST EQUATION OF MOTION
4 7
(a) (b) For the derivation, let us consider a body moving in a straight
7 4 line with uniform acceleration. Then, let the initial velocity be u,
3 7 acceleration is denoted as a, time period is denoted as t, velocity is
(c) (d)
7 3 denoted as v, and the distance travelled is denoted as s.

Motion in a Straight Line 37

Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Algebraic So,
Method a = slope of line AB
We know that the acceleration of the body is defined as the rate of a = BD/AD
change of velocity.
Since AD = AC = t, the above equation becomes:
Mathematically, acceleration is represented as follows:
BD = at  ...2
v−u Now, combining Equation 1 & 2, the following is obtained:
a=
t v = u + at
where v is the final velocity and u is the initial velocity. Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Calculus Method
Rearranging the above equation, we arrive at the first equation of Since acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, it can be
motion as follows: mathematically written as:
v = u + at
dv
a=
Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Graphical dt
Method Rearranging the above equation, we get
The first equation of motion can be derived using a velocity-
adt = dv
time graph for a moving object with an initial velocity of u, final
velocity v, and acceleration a. Integrating both the sides, we get
t v
Derivation of first equation of motion by graphical ∫0 adt = ∫u dv
method
at = v − u
B
E
Rearranging, we get
v = u + at

Derivation of Second Equation of Motion

v For the derivation of the second equation of motion, consider the
Velocity (v)

same variables that were used for derivation of the first equation
A D of motion.
u
Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by Algebraic
O
Time (t) C Method
In the above graph, Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement. This is
mathematically represented as:
The velocity of the body changes from A to B in time t at a uniform
rate.
displacement
BC is the final velocity and OC is the total time t. velocity =
time
A perpendicular is drawn from B to OC, a parallel line is drawn
from A to D, and another perpendicular is drawn from B to OE Rearranging, we get
(represented by dotted lines).
Displacement = Velocity × Time
Following details are obtained from the graph above:
If the velocity is not constant then in the above equation we can use
The initial velocity of the body, u = OA
average velocity in the place of velocity and rewrite the equation
The final velocity of the body, v = BC as follows:
From the graph, we know that  initial velocity + final velocity 
=displacement   × time
BC = BD + DC  2 
Therefore, v = BD + DC Substituting the above equations with the notations used in the
v = BD + OA (since DC = OA) derivation of the first equation of motion, we get
Finally, u+v
=s ×t
v = BD + u (since OA = u)  ...1 2
Now, since the slope of a velocity-time graph is equal to From the first equation of motion, we know that v = u + at. Putting
acceleration a, this value of v in the above equation, we get

38 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 u + ( u + at ) Rearranging the equation, we get
=s ×t ds = vdt
2
Substituting the first equation of motion in the above equation, we
2u + at get
=s ×t
2 ds = (u + at)dt
ds = (u + at)dt = (udt + atdt)
 2u at 
s=  + × t On further simplification, the equation becomes:
 2 2
s t t
∫ ds
=
0 ∫0 udt + ∫0 atdt
 1  1
s= u + at  × t = ut + at 2
 2  2
On further simplification, the equation becomes: DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF MOTION

1 Derivation of Third Equation of Motion by Algebraic

s ut + at 2
= Method
2
DERIVATION OF SECOND EQUATION OF We know that, displacement is the rate of change of position of an
MOTION BY GRAPHICAL METHOD object. Mathematically, this can be represented as:
Derivation of second equation of motion by graphical method  initial velocity + final velocity 
= displacement  × t
 2 
B
E Substituting the standard notations, the above equation becomes
u+v
=s  × t
 2 
From the first equation of motion, we know that
v
v = u + at
Velocity (v)

A D Rearranging the above formula, we get

u v−u
t=
a
O
C
Substituting the value of t in the displacement formula, we get
Time (t)

From the graph above, we can say that (v + u) (v − u)

s=
Distance travelled (s) = Area of figure OABC = Area of rectangle 2 a
OADC + Area of triangle ABD  v −u
2 2 
s =  
1   2a 
s=  AB × BD  + ( OA × OC )
 2  2as = v2 − u2
Since BD = EA, the above equation becomes
Rearranging, we get
1  v2 = u2 + 2as
s  AB × EA  + ( u × t )
=
2 
As EA = at, the equation becomes DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF MOTION
1 BY GRAPHICAL METHOD
s= × at × t + ut
2
B
On further simplification, the equation becomes E

1
s ut + at 2
=
2
Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by Calculus
v
Method
Velocity (v)

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. D

A
Mathematically, this is expressed as
u
ds
v= O
dt Time (t) C

Motion in a Straight Line 39

From the graph, we can say that Since velocity is constant, it comes out of the integration
The total distance travelled, s is given by the Area of trapezium [ x ]xx 0
t
= v [t ]0
OABC.
x – x0 = vt i.e., displacement Dx = vt
Hence,
S = ½ (Sum of Parallel Sides) × Height Motion with variable velocity but constant acceleration
S = (OA + CB) × OC Basic formula
dv
Since, OA = u, CB = v, and OC = t (i) a =
dt
The above equation becomes dv dx dv
S = ½ (u + v) × t (ii) a = ⋅ =v (By chain rule)
dx dt dx
Now, since t = (v – u)/ a From formula (i)
The above equation can be written as:
dv
S = ½ ((u + v) × (v – u))/a a= ⇒ dv = a dt;
v
dt t
Rearranging the equation, we get
∫ dv = ∫ a dt
S = ½ (v + u) × (v – u)/a u 0

S = (v – u )/2a
2 2 Since acceleration is constant so it comes out of the integration
Third equation of motion is obtained by solving the above equation: [v ]uv = a ∫ dt
v2 = u2 + 2aS
\ v – u = at
DERIVATION OF THIRD EQUATION OF MOTION ⇒ v = u + at  ... (i)
BY CALCULUS METHOD dx
= u + at
We know that acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and can dt
be represented as: dx = udt + at dt
dv on further integrating
a= (1) x t t
dt
We also know that velocity is the rate of change of displacement
∫ dx = u ∫ dt + a ∫ t dt
x0 0 0
and can be represented as: 2
= ut + at
x
ds
[ x] x0
v = ( 2) 2
dt 1 2
x – x0 = ut + at
Cross multiplying (1) and (2), we get 2
ds dv 1 2
a =v ⇒ Dx = ut + at  ...(ii)
dt dt 2
s v From formula (ii)
∫0 ads = ∫u vds a=v
dv
dx
v2 − u 2
as = v x
2    ∫ vdv = a ∫ dx
v2 = u2 + 2as u x0
2 2
v u
RECTILINEAR OR ONE DIMENSIONAL MOTION   – = a(x – x0)
2 2
To study it we can choose an axis so that it coincides with the path
of the object.     v2 = u2 + 2a(Dx) ...(iii)
We may divide this topic in the following different situations. Taking a = v − u from equation (i) and putting it in equation (ii),
we get t
(i) Motion with constant velocity
(ii) Motion with variable velocity but constant acceleration 1v–u 2
(iii) Motion with variable acceleration. Dx = ut +  t
2 t 
Motion with constant velocity or uniform motion or
v+u
zero acceleration ⇒ Dx =  t ...(iv)
 2 
x t
dx
v=
dt
⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ vdt Equation (i), (ii) & (iii) are the three basic equations of uniformly
x0 0 accelerated motion.
40 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 TRAIN YOUR BRAIN  KEY NOTE
Q. A person is running at his maximum speed of 4 m/s to catch
Š If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration
a train. When he is 6m from the door of the compartment the
then distance covered by the body in t sec is proportional to
train starts to leave the station at a constant acceleration of
t2 (i.e. s ∝ t2).
1m/s2. Find how long it takes him to catch up the train
(a) 2 sec (b) 3 sec • So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1 sec, 2
sec and 3 sec is 12 : 22 : 32 or 1 : 4 : 9.
(c) 4 sec (d) None
Š If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration
1 2 then distance covered by the body in nth sec is proportional to
Ans. (a) 4t = 6 + at
2 (2n – 1) (i.e. sn ∝ (2n–1)
1
⇒ 4t = 6 + × 1× t 2
2 • So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in I sec, II
⇒ t2 – 8t + 12 =0 sec and III sec is 1 : 3 : 5.
⇒ (t – 6) (t – 2) =0 Š A body moving with a velocity u is stopped by application
⇒ t = 2, 6 of brakes after covering a distance s. If the same body moves
Hence, after 2 sec man will catchup the train with velocity nu and same braking force is applied on it then
it will come to rest after covering a distance of n2s.
Displacement in nth second
u2
• As v2 = u2 – 2as ⇒ 0 = u2 – 2as ⇒, s = ,
2a
Sn • s ∝ u2, [since a is constant]
Sn–1 Snth • So we can say that if u becomes n times then s becomes n2
times that of previous value.
Š A particle moving with uniform acceleration from A to B along
a straight line has velocities v1 and v2 at A and B respectively.
Displacement in nth second = Displacement in n sec. – Displace-
ment in (n–1) sec. If C is the mid-point between A and B then velocity of the
1 1 2 2
Snth Sn – S=
= n –1th
[u (n) + an 2 ] – [u (n – 1) + a (n – 1) 2 ] particle at C is equal to u = u1 + u2
2 2
2
a
\ Snth= u + (2n – 1) ...(v)
2 Motion With Variable Acceleration
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Relations:
Q. A body travels 200cm in the first two seconds and 220cm v2 t2
in the next 4 seconds with deceleration. The velocity of the dv
body at the end of the 7th second is
(i)
dt
=a ⇒ ∫ dv = ∫ adt
v1 t1
(a) 20 cm/s (b) 15 cm/s x2
dx
(c) 10 cm/s (d) 0 cm/s (ii)
dt
=v ⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ vdt
x1
Ans. (c) Let initial velocity and initial acceleration are ‘u’ and ‘a’
dv dv dx
respectively (iii) a = = ⋅ (By chain rule)
According to question, dt dx dt
1 dv
200 = u × 2 + a × 22 \ a=v
2 dx
⇒ 200 = 2u + 2a ........(i) v2 x2
1
(200 + 220) = u × (2+4) + × a × ( 2 + 4 )
2 \ ∫ Vdv = ∫ adx
2 v1 x1

⇒ 420 = 6u + 18a ........ (ii) Ratio of displacements in the 1sts, 2nds, 3rds... nths
Solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get = 1 : 3 : 5:....:(2n–1)
u = 115 cm/s Ratio of displacements in the first 1s, first 2s, first 3s .... etc.... is 1
a = – 15 cm/s2 : 4 : 9:.... etc.
(– ve sign shows deaccelaration) Moving with uniform acceleration, a body crosses a point ‘x’ with
Now, a velocity ‘u’ and another point ‘y’ with a velocity ‘v’. Then it will
v = u + at
cross the mid point of ‘x’ and ‘y’ with velocity of v2 + u 2 .
⇒ v = 115 + (–15) × 7
2
= 10 cm/s
Motion in a Straight Line 41
 If a bullet looses (1/n)th of its velocity while passing through a Ans. (a) V = K s
plank, then the no. of such planks required to just stop the bullet
2 dS S dS t
is n . =K S ∴ ∫ =∫ K dt
2n − 1 dt 0 S 0

1 22
th \ 2 S = Kt and S= K t

The velocity of a body becomes  1  of its initial velocity 4
 
n dS 1 2 1 2
⇒ =
V = K =2t K t
after a displacement of ‘x’ then it will come to rest after a further dt 4 2
x
displacement of 2 .
n −1
Starting from rest a body travels with an acceleration ‘a’ for some
time and then with deceleration ‘b’ and finally comes to rest.
If the total time of journey is ‘t’, then the maximum velocity ,
displacement and average velocity are respectively
\ V∝t
αβt
(i) vmax = \ The V–t graph is a straight line passing through they
α +β origin.
αβt 2
(ii) s = GRAPHS
2(α + β)
v  Characteristics of s-t and v-t graphs
(iii) average velocity =  max 
 2  Slope of displacement-time graph gives velocity
If a particle starts from rest and moves with uniform accelaration Slope of velocity-time graph gives acceleration
‘a’ such that it travels distances sm and sn in the mth and nth seconds Area under velocity-time graph gives displacement
s −s Area under acceleration-time graph gives change in velocity
then a = m n
( m − n) S-t Graphs
A particle starts from rest and moves along a straight line with Body at rest
uniform acceleration. If s is the distance travelled by it n seconds
s
s
and sn is the distance travelled in the nth second, then n =
( 2n − 1)
s n2
If the particles are located at the sides of an n sides symmetrical
polygon with each side “a” and each particle moves towards the
t
other with speed v. Then they will meet at a time T v=0

T=
Initialseparation Uniform motion
Relative velocity of approach S
a a
=T =
 2π  2 π
v − v cos   2v sin
 n n

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN t

S = vt

Q. The velocity of a particle moving in the positive direction of Uniformly accelerated motion u = 0 and S = 0 at t = 0
S
the X-axis varies as V = K S where K is a positive constant.

Draw V–t graph.

t
(a) (b)
Uniformly accelerated with u ≠ 0 and S ≠ 0 at t = 0
s

(c) (d)
t

42 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

Uniformly retarded motion till velocity becomes zero TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
S
Q. For the velocity-time graphs shown in figure, the total
distance covered by the particle in the last two seconds of its
motion is what fraction of the total distance convered by it in
all the seven seconds?
t0 t

Uniformly retarded then accelerated

S

t0 t
(a)
1/8 (b) 1/6
v-t Graphs (c)
1/4 (d) 1/2
Uniform motion Ans. (c)
Distance = area under v-t graph
V So, The distance covered in past two seconds is
1
S1 = × 20 × ( 7 − 5 )
2
= 20 m
t And, The total distance covered is
V = Constant
1
Uniformly accelerated motion, u = 0 (S = 0) at t = 0 S 2 = × 20 × ( 3 − 1) + 20 × ( 5 − 3)
2
V + 20
= 20 + 40+ 20
= 80
S1 20 1
Therefore, required ratio = = =
t S 2 80 4

MOTION UNDER GRAVITY

Uniformly accelerated motion, u = u (S = 0) at t = 0
V Body projected vertically downwards and a freely fall-
ing body:
u For a body dropped from height h (initial velocity = 0)

Uniformly retarded motion till velocity becomes zero

V

t0 t
When a body is projected vertically down then a = g; s = h, and the
Uniformly retarded then accelerated in opposite direction
equation of motion can be written as follow:
V
1 2
(a) v = u + gt (b) h = ut + gt
u 2
g
(c) v2 – u2 = 2gh (d) Sn = u + (2n-1)
2
t In the presence of air resistance, the acceleration of a denser body
t0 is greater.

Motion in a Straight Line 43

A freely falling body passes through two points A and B in time At maximum height, v = 0 and a = g
intervals of t1 and t2 from the start, then the distance between the u2
g 2 2
two points A and B is =
2
(
t2 – t1 ) H max = ⇒ H max ∝ u 2 (Independent of mass of the body)
2g
A freely falling body passes through two points A and B at distances In the absence of air resistance, time of ascent and time of descent
h1 and h2 from the start, then the time taken by it to move from A are equal. (ta = td)
to B is u 2u
ta = td = ⇒ T = ta + td =
g g
2h2 2h1
T=
g
–
g
=
2
g
( h2 – h1 ) In the presence of air resistance, the time of ascent is less than the
time of descent.
Two bodies are dropped from heights h1 and h2 simultaneously. At any point of the journey, a body possess the same speed while
Then after any time the distance between them is equal to moving up and while moving down.
(h2 – h1).
A stone is dropped into a well of depth ‘h’, then the sound of splash Irrespective of velocity of projection, all the bodies pass through a
is heard after a time of ‘t’
g
2h h height in the last second of ascent.
= t + 2
g vsound The change in velocity over the complete journey is ‘2u’
A stone is dropped into a river from the bridge and after ‘x’ (downwards)
seconds another stone is projected down into the river from the
same point with a velocity of ‘u’. If both the stone reach the water  KEY NOTE
simultaneously then S1(t) = S2(t–x)
If a vertically projected body rises through a height ‘h’ in nth
1 2 1
gt = u ( t − x ) + g ( t − x ) second, then in (n–1)th second it will rise through a height (h+g)
2
2 2
and in (n+1)ths it will rise through height (h–g).
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN If velocity of body in nth second is ‘v’ then in (n–1)th second it is
Q. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50m without friction. (v + g) and that in (n+1)th it is (v – g) while ascending
When parachute opens, it decelerates at 2m/s2. He reaches
the ground with a speed of 3m/s. At what height, did he bail TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
out ? Q. A person sitting on the top of a tall building is dropping balls
(a) 91 m (b) 182 m at regular intervals of one second. When the 6th ball is being
(c) 293 m (d) 111 m dropped, the positions of the 3rd, 4th, 5th balls from the top of
the building are respectively
Ans. (c) u = 2 g × 50 (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(a) 4.9m, 19.6m, 44.1m (b) 4.9m, 14.7m, 24.5m
v2 – u2 = 2as
(c) 44.1m, 19.6m, 4.9m (d) 24.5m, 14.7m, 4.9m
height at which he bails out = (50 + s)
1 2
Body Projected Vertically up: Ans. (c) Hint: h = gt
2
Q. A stone projected vertically up from the ground reaches a
height y in its path at t1 seconds and after further t2 seconds
reaches the ground. The height y is equal to
1 1
(b) g ( t1 + t2 )
2
(a) g ( t1 + t2 )
2 2
1
(c) gt1t2 (d) gt1t2
2

Ans. (c)
Acceleration (a) = –g and the equation of motion can be written
as follow:
1 2
(a) v = u – gt (b) s = ut –
gt
2 Distance Time
g y → t1
(c) v2 – u2 = –2gh (d) sn = u – (2n–1)
2 y + 2x → t2
Angle between velocity vector and acceleration vector is 180º until t2 − t1
x →
the body reaches the highest point. 2
44 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 t2 + t1 A rocket moves up with a resultant acceleration a. If its fuel
y + x → exhausts completely after time ‘t’ seconds, the maximum height
2
1 2 a
reached by the rocket above the ground is h
2
1 t +t  = at 1 + 
Now, y + x = 0 + g  1 2  2  g
2  2 
2 A body is projected vertically up with a velocity of ‘u’ from
x= 0 + 1 g  t2 − t1  ground in the presence of constant air resistance ‘R’. If it reaches
2  2 
the ground with a velocity ‘V’, then
From (i) and (ii)
(a) Height of ascent = Height of descent
1
y = g t1t2
2 mu
A body is dropped from the top edge of a tower of height ‘h’ and at (b) Time of ascent ta =
mg + R
the same time another body is projected vertically up from the foot
mV
of the tower with a velocity ‘u’. (c) Time of descent td =
mg − R
(d) ta < td

V mg − R
(e)
= (V < u )
u mg + R
(f) For a body projected vertically up under air resistance,
retardation during motion is > g
(g) If air resistance is considered, time of ascent decreases
and time of descent increases ⇒ td > ta.
(a) The separation between them after ‘t’ seconds is = (h–ut)
An elevator is accelerating upwards with an acceleration a. If a
h person inside the elevator throws a particle vertically up with a
(b) The time after which they meet t =
u velocity u relative to the elevator, time of flight is t =
2u
(c) The height at which they meet above the ground g+a
 gh 2  In the above case if elevator accelerates down, time of flight is
=  h − 2  2u
 2u  t=
(d) The time after which their velocities are equal in g −a
u
magnitudes is t =  KEY NOTE
2g
(e) If they meet at mid point, velocity of thrown body is u = The zero velocity of a particle at any instant does not necessarily
gt and its velocity of meeting is zero imply zero acceleration at that instant. A particle may be
momentarily at rest and yet have non-zero acceleration. For
A body projected vertically up crosses a point P at a height ‘h’ example, a particle thrown up has zero velocity at its uppermost
above the ground at time ‘t1’ seconds and at time ‘t2’ seconds to point but the acceleration at that instant continues to be the
same point while coming down. Then total time of its flight T = acceleration due to gravity.
t1 + t2
1
(a) Height of P is h = gt1t2 TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
2 Q. Water drops fall from a tap on to the floor 5.0m below at regular
(b) Maximum height reached above the ground
1 intervals of time. The first drop strikes the floor when the fifth
g ( t1 + t2 )
2
= H drop beings to fall. The height at which the third drop will be
8 g ( t2 − t1 ) from ground, at the instant when the first drop strikes the ground
(c) Magnitude of velocity while crossing P is
2 is (Take g = 10ms–2)
A body is projected vertically up with velocity u1 and after ‘t’ (a) 1.25 m (b) 2.15 m
seconds another body is projected vertically up with a velocity u2. (c) 2.75 m (d) 3.75 m
(a) If u2 > u1, the time after which both the bodies will meet 1 2
Ans. (d) Hint: h = gt
1 2 2
u2t + gt
with each other is 2 for the first body. Body Projected Vertically up from a Tower
( u2 − u1 ) + gt A body projected vertically up from a tower of height ‘h’ with
u 1 a velocity ‘u’ (or) a body dropped from a rising balloon (or) a
(b) If u1 = u2 = u, the time after which they meet is  + 
 g 2 body dropped from an helicopter rising up vertically with
 
for the first body and  u − 1  for the second body. constant velocity ‘u’ reaches the ground exactly below the point
 g 2 of projection after a time ‘t’. Then

Motion in a Straight Line 45

 1 2
(a) Height of the tower is h =−ut +
gt
Relative Motion in one dimensional motion
2 Velocity of one moving body with respect to other moving body is
(b) Time taken by the body to reach the ground called Relative velocity.
u + u 2 + 2 gh Two bodies are moving in a straight line in the same direction then,
t= v12 = v1 – v2
g
(c) The velocity of the body at the foot of the tower Two bodies are moving in a straight line in the opposite direction
then, v12= v1 + v2
v = u 2 + 2 gh
Two bodies moving with same velocity and in same direction then,
(d) Velocity of the body after ‘t’ sec. is v = u – gt position between them does not vary with time.
Two bodies moving with unequal velocity and in same direction
The height of the balloon by the time the body reaches the ground
1 then, position between them first decreases to minimum and then
is gt 2 . increases.
2
A body projected vertically down from a tower with a velocity Two bodies moving with unequal velocity and in opposite direction
‘u’ reaches the foot of the tower after a time ‘t1’ with a velocity then, position between them first decreases to minimum and then
‘v1’. Another body projected vertically up from the tower with increases.
same velocity reaches the foot of the tower after a time ‘t2’ with a
velocity ‘v2’. A freely dropped body reaches the foot of the tower TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
after a time ‘t’ with a velocity ‘v’, then Q. A boy throws n balls per second at regular time intervals.
(a) t = t1t2 When the first ball reaches the maximum height he throws
the second one vertically up. The maximum height reached
1 by each ball is
(b) h = gt1t2
2
g g
1 (a) (b)
(c)
= u g (t1 − t2 ) 2 ( n − 1)
2
2n 2
2
g g
(d) v= (c) 2 (d)
1 v=
2 u 2 + 2 gh n n
u2
Ans. (b) Hint: h =
(e) v = 2 gh 2g

ILLUSTRATIONS
Learning Plus
1. The displacement of a particle, starting from rest Ans. (c) Velocity attained after falling 50 m freely,
(at t = 0) is given by s = 6t2 – t3. 2as = v2 – u2
The time in seconds at which the particle will obtain zero 2 × 10 × 50 = v2 – 02
velocity again is:
(a) 2 (b) 4 Vv = 10 10m / s
(c) 6 (d) 8
Now, distance traveled with g = –3 m/s2, v = 3 m/s
Ans. (b) s = 6t – t
2 3

µu =10 10m / s , 2as = v2 – u2

ds
( )
2
= 12t − 3t 2 2 ×(−3)× s = 32 − 10 10
dt
v = 12t – 3t2 = 0 6s = 991
s = 991/6 = 165.1 m
3t(4 – t) = 0, t = 4, 0
∴ Total distance traveled = 165 + 50 = 215 m
2. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50 m without friction.
3. The coordinates of a moving particle at any time t are given
When parachute opens, it decelerates at 3 ms–2. He reaches
by x = αt3 and y = βt3. The speed of the particle at time t is
the ground with a speed of 3 ms–1. At what height, did he bail given by:
out?
(b) 3t α + β
2 2 2
(a) 3t α 2 + β2
(a) 91 m (b) 182 m
(c) 215 m (d) 111 m (c) t 2 α 2 + β2 (d) α 2 + β2

46 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

Ans. (b) x = αt3, y = βt
3

abt
dx
 3t 2 ,
dy
 3t 2 Vmax 
dt dx a  b
2 2 V max
 dx   dy  a=
V       ,V 
 dt   dt 
 3t    3t 
2 2 2 2
t1
....(1)

−Vmax ( t − r )
V  3t 2  2  2 −b = ....(2)
(t − r)
4. From the top of a tower a stone is thrown up and reaches the
ground in time t1 = 9s. A second stone is thrown down with from (1) and (2)
the same speed and reaches the ground in time t2 = 4s. A third 7. A particle of unit mass undergoes one dimensional motion
stone is released from rest and reaches the ground in time t3, such that its velocity varies according to v(x) = βx–2n where
which is equal to: β and n are constants and x is the position of the particle.
(a) 6.5 s (b) 6s The acceleration of the particle as a function of x, is given
by:
(c) 5 s (d) 64 s
36 (a) –2nβ2 x–4n – 1 (b) –2β2 x–2n + 1
Ans. (b) t1 = Thrown up with speed u (c) –2nβ2 e–4n + 1 (d) –2nβ2 x–2n – 1
t2 = Thrown down with speed u vdv
Ans. (a) a =
t3 = Dropped. dx

t ⇒ t 3 =t1 t 2  x 2 n  2n  x 2 n1

 2n2 x 4 n1
t  t 3  9  4  6s
8. The initial velocity of a particle is 10 m/s retardation is
5. When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity v0, it
2 m/s2. The distance covered in the fifth second of the motion
released from a height h. If one wishes to triple the maximum
will be:
height then the ball should be thrown with velocity:
(a) 2 m (b) 1 m
(a) 3 v o (b) 3v0 (c) 50 m (d) 75 m
(c) 9v0 (d) 3/2 v0
1
Ans. (a) Ball is thrown vertically upward. Ans. (b) S 4 = 10 × 4 − × 2 ×16 = 40 − 16 = 24
2
1
∴ g = –ve, s = +ve, v = +ve S5 = 10×5 − × 2× 25 = 50 − 25 = 25
2
2 (–g) h = 02 – v02, V
vo0 = 2 gh ∴ S in 5 second = 25 – 24 = 1 m
th

Now h’ = 3h v = +ve g = –ve 9. A moving train is stopped by applying brakes. It stops after
2(–g) × 3h = 02 – v2 traveling 80 m. If the speed of the train is doubled and
retardation remains the same. It will cover a distance:
v  6gh
(a) Same as earlier
v 6gh
   3v 0  v  v 0 3 (b) Double the distance traveled earlier
v0 2gh (c) Four time the distance traveled earlier
6. A car starts from rest, moves with an acceleration a and then (d) Half the distance traveled earlier
decelerates at a constant rate b for sometime to come to rest.
If the total time taken is t. The maximum velocity of car is Ans. (c) 2as = v2 – u2
given by: Now v = 0, u = u
2(–a) s = 02 – u2
abt a2t
(a) (b)
( a + b) a+b u2
Ss =
at b2 t 2a
(c) (d)
( a + b) a+b s ∝ u2 (∵ a = constant)
∴ if u will be doubled s will be 4 time
Ans. (a)
10. A rocket is initialized from the earth surface so that it has a
acceleration of 19.6 m/s2. If its engine is scratched off after
5 second of its launch, then maximum height attained by the
rocket will be:
(a) 245 m (b) 490 m
(c) 980 m (d) 735 m

Motion in a Straight Line 47

Ans. (d) Distance travelled by rocket in 5sec 60 − 20
Slope BC = = 4m / s 2 (maximum)
1 40 − 30
y =0, s = × 19.6 × 25 =245 m
2
−60 6
Velocity attained = 19.6 × 5 = 98 m/s Slope CD = = − m / s2
70 7
Distance travelled till velocity reached zero
2 × (–9.8)s = 0 – (98)2 14. Two trains of length 50 m are approaching each other on
parallel rails. Their velocities are 10 m/sec and 15 m/sec.
98 × 98 10
=s × = 490 m They will cross each other in:
98 2
(a) 2 sec (b) 4 sec
∴ Height achieved = 490 + 245 = 735 m
(c) 10 sec (d) 6 sec
11. Ans. (b) Total length to be travelled = 50 + 50 = 100 m
Relative velocity Vr = 15 + 10 = 25 m/s
100
∴ Time to cross=t = 4 second
25
15. The displacement x of a particle moving in one dimensional
Find the distance traveled by body in 4 seconds: motion is related to time by equation=t x + 3 where x is
(a) 70 m (b) 60 m in meters and t in seconds. The displacement when velocity
is zero is:
(c) 40 m (d) 55 m
(a) 0 m (b) 1 m
Ans. (d) Distance = Area under graph
(c) 9 m (d) 4 m
Ans. (a) t = x + 3, x =( t − 3)
2
1 1
= × 1 × 20 + 1 × 20 + (30) × 1 + 10
2 2
= 10 + 20 + 15 + 10 dx
= 2(t − 3) = velocity = 0
dt
S = 55 m
t=3
12. Which one of the following curve do not represent motion in
one dimension: at t = 3 sec
∴x = 0 m
(a) V (b) V 16. A bullet fired into a fixed block of wood loses half its velocity
after penetrating 60 cm before coming to rest it penetrates a
t t further distance of:
(a) 60 cm (b) 30 cm
V (c) 20 cm (d) 10 cm
(c) V (d)
Ans. (c) S = 60 cm
t t u
S = 0.6 m,= V = , uu = uu
Ans. (b) There cannot be two value of velocity of a particle at a 2
particular instant of time. 2
u 3 u2 u2
2 × ( −a ) × 0.6 =   − u 2 , a = × =
13. 2 4 1.2 1.6
u
u'
Now, S’ = ?= = V 0
2

 u2  u 2
 2 S' 
 1.6  4

Find the max acceleration: 1.2

(a) 18 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 =
S' = 0.2 m = 20 cm
6
(c) 2 m/s2 (d) 10 m/s2
17. A particle has an initial velocity 3iˆ + 7ˆj on acceleration of

Ans. (b) Slope OA

=
20
= 1 m / s2 0.4iˆ + 3jˆ . Its speed after 10s is:
20
(a) 10 units (b) 7 2 units
Slope AB = 0 m/s2
(c) 7 units (d) 8.5 units

48 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 Ans. (c) For walking For standing
^ ^
 ^ ^

Ans. (b) V = u + at = 3 i + 7 j +  0.4 i + 0.3 j  × 10 S = V1 t1 S = V2 t2
 
7iˆ + 7 ˆj , | V |=
V= 7 2 units S S
18. A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving along ∴ V1 = V2 =
t1 t2
the positive x direction with a velocity V that varies as If she would walk on moving escalator.
VV=∝ x . The displacement of the particle varies with time as: S (V1 + V2 ) T '
=
(a) t1/2 (b) t3 1 1
(c) t2
(d) t S  +  ST '
=
 t1 t 2 
Ans. (c) V µ x
1 1 1
dx dx = +
 x T ' t1 t 2
x 
 dt
dt
T’ – time taken by girl to reach on top on moving escalator
2 x  t  c
while walking on it.
∴ x ∝ t2 tt
T'= 1 2
19. The velocity of a body depends on time according to the t1 + t 2
equation V = 20 + 0.1 t2. The body is undergoing:
22. A particle is released from rest from a tower of height 3h. The
(a) Uniform acceleration ratio of the intervals of time to cover three equal heights h is:
(b) Non-uniform acceleration (a) t1 : t2 : t3 = 3 : 2 : 1
(c) Retardation
(d) Zero acceleration
(b) t1 : t2 : t3 = 1 : ( 3–2 )
Ans. (b) V = 20 + 0.1 t2 (c) t1 : t2 : t3 = 3 : 2 :1

dV
(d) t1 : t2 : t3 = 1 : ( 2 –1 : )( 3– 2  )
acc
= = 2 ( 0.1 ) t = 0.2 t
dt Ans. (d) t1 – Cover h1 distance
Since acc ∝ t
t2 – Cover h2 distance
∴ Non-uniform acceleration
t3 – Cover h3 distance
20. A particle moving along X-axis has acceleration f, at time
h1 = h
t, given by f 0 1 −  , where f0 and t are constants between
t
 T 
t = 0 and the instant when f = 0, the particle’s velocity (vx) is: 3h h2 = h
(a) f0T (b) f0T2
h3 = h
1
(c) f0T3 (d) f 0T Now, for S = 2h, g = g, u = 0 ...(i)
2
2h
f 0t t1 =
Ans. (d) f  f 0  g
T
For t = 0 ⇒ f = f0 1
∴2 h =gt22
1 2 V= S= 1 f t 2
S= f0t 0
2 t 2 h
for t = T t21 = 2
g
1
V = f 0T
2 ∴ t 2 = t 2 − t1
21. At a metro station, a girl walks up a stationary escalator in
h 2h 2h
time t1. If she remains stationary on the escalator, then the
escalator take her up in time t2. The time taken by her to walk
= 2
g
−
g
=
g
( 2 −1 )
up on the moving escalator will be:
2h
=t2
g
( 2 −1 ) ...(ii)
(t 1 +t 2 ) t 1t 2
(a) (b) For S = 3h, u = 0, g = g
2 (t 2 – t1 )
t1t 2 6h
(c) (d) t1 – t2 t3 ' = , t = t 1 – t2 – t1
(t 2 + t 1 ) g 3 3

Motion in a Straight Line 49

 Ans. (b) VA = VB. Since, the motion is uniform. The velocity at
2h
=
g
( 3 − 2 +1−1 ) each point is same so this velocity of A after coming back
is also VA, just the defection is reversed. Thus, VA = VB.
2h 24. Which one of the following represents the x-t graph of two
=t3
g
( 3− 2 ) object A and B moving with zero relative speed:

t1 : t 2 : t 3 =1: ( 2 −1 :)( 3− 2 )
(a) (b)
23. From a building two balls A and B are thrown such that A is
thrown upwards and B downwards with same velocity. VA &
VB are the velocities on reaching the ground than:
(a) VB > VA
(c) (d)
(b) VA = VB
(c) VA > VB
(d) Velocity depends upon mass Ans. (b) VRel = 0 as lines are parallel.

50 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 Topicwise Questions

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT 8. Which of the following statements is/are false?

I. For motion of the car from O to P, the magnitude of
1. A man goes 20 m towards north, then 30 m towards east then displacement is equal to the path length.
his displacement is: II. For motion of car from O to P and back to Q, magnitude
(a) 37 m (b) 36 m of displacement is equal to + 240 m.
(c) 40 m (d) 38 m III. For motion of car from O to P and back to Q, magnitude
of displacement is not equal to the path length.
2. An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south and then flies
1200 m upwards, then net displacement is: (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Only III (d) None of these
(a) 1200 m (b) 1300 m
(c) 1400 m (d) 1500 m 9. If the car goes from O to P and returns back to O, the
displacement and path length of the journey are:
3. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of radius
(a) 0, 720 m (b) 720 m, 720 m
R in 80 sec. What will be his displacement at the end of 4
(c) 0, 0 (d) 720 m, 0
min 60 second?
(a) 2πR (b) 3πR 10. The displacement of a particle is given by x = (t – 2)2 where
x is in metre and t in second. The distance covered by the
(c) 2R (d) Zero
particle in first 4 seconds is:
4. An aeroplane flies from (–4m, –5m, + 8m) to (7m, –2m, –3m) (a) 4 m (b) 8 m
in the xyz coordinates. The aeroplanes displacement in co- (c) 12 m (d) 16 m
ordinate form is given by:
(a) (3m, -4m, 5m) (b) (4m, –5m, 11m)
SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION
(c) (11m, 3m, –11m) (d) (11m, –6m, 7m) 11. A truck travels a distance A to B at a speed of 40 km/h and
5. Let x1 and x2 be the positions of an object at time t1 and t2. returns to A at a speed of 50 km/h, then what is the average
Then, its displacement, denoted by A, in time ∆t = B, is given velocity of the whole journey?
by the difference between the C and D position. (a) 34.5 km/h (b) Zero
Here A, B, C and D refer to (c) 35 km/hr (d) 40 km/hr
(a) A → ∆x, B → t1 – t2, C → final, D → initial 12. Which of the following changes when a particle is moving
(b) A → ∆x, B → t2 – t1, C → final, D → initial with uniform velocity?
(c) A → x, B → t2 – t1, C → initial, D → final (a) Velocity (b) Speed
(d) A → ∆x, B → t2 – t1, C → initial, D → final (c) Position (d) Acceleration

Directions: (Q. No. 6 to 9) Answer the following questions 13. An athlete participates in a race now he is moving on a
based on given figure. circular track of radius 80 m completes half a revolution in
20s. Its average velocity is:
(a) 8 m/s (b) 16 m/s
(c) 10 m/s (d) 12 m/s
14. The motion of a particle is described by the equation x = a +
6. With reference to the given figure, the position coordinate of
bt2, where a = 10 cm , b = 15 cms–2. Its instantaneous velocity
point P and R are:
at t = 3 second will be?
(a) P = (+ 360, 0, 0); R = (–120, 0,0)
(a) 10 cms–1 (b) 20 cms–1
(b) P = (– 360, 0, 0); R = (+120, 0,0)
(c) 60 cms –1
(d) 90 cms–1
(c) P = (0, + 360, 0); R = (–120, 0,0)
15. One car moving on a straight road covers one third of distance
(d) P = (0, 0, + 360); R = (0, 0, –120) with a speed of 20 m/s, other one third with speed of 40 m/s
7. The displacement of car in moving from O to P and its and next one third with speed 60 m/s, then the average speed
displacement in moving from P to Q are of the car is:
(a) + 360 m and –120 m (b) – 120 m and + 360 m (a) 32.7 m/s (b) 40 m/s
(c) + 360 m and +120 m (d) + 360 m and – 600 m (c) 31 m/s (d) 33 m/s

Motion in a Straight Line 51

16. A car travel half the distance with constant velocity of 24. On turning a corner, a motorist rushing at 40 m/s, finds a child on
40 kmph and the remaining half with a constant velocity of the road 108 m ahead. He instantly stops the engine and applies
80 kmph. The average velocity of the car in kmph is: the brakes so as to stop it within 1 m of the child, what time is
(a) 32 km/hr (b) 53.3 km/hr required to stop it?
(c) 43.2 km/hr (d) 42 km/hr (a) 5.4 second (b) 6.4 second
17. An α-particle in a cyclotron changes its velocity from (c) 3.9 second (d) 2 second
30 km/s south to 40 km/s west in 10 second what is the 25. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 40 ms–1
magnitude of average acceleration during this time: from the top of a multistory building of 25 m high. How high
(a) 5 Km/s2 (b) 7 Km/s2 will the ball rise from building?
(c) 9 Km/s2 (d) 11 Km/s2 (a) 20 m (b) 80 m
18. A particle is moving eastward with a velocity of 5 m/s. In (c) 40 m (d) 10 m
10 seconds, the velocity changes to 5 m/s northward. The
26. A body starting from rest moves with constant acceleration.
average acceleration in this time is:
The ratio of distance covered by the body during 8th second
(a) Zero to that covered in 8 second is:
1
(b) m/ s 2 (towards north − east) (a)
15
(b)
15
2
60 64
(c) 1 m/ s 2 (towards north − east) 12
2 (c) (d) 1
15
1 27. A car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s can be stopped by the
(d) ms −2 (towards north − west)
2 application of a constant force F in a distance of 20 m. If the
19. In one dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v satisfies velocity of the car is 30 m/s it can be stopped by this force in:
0 ≤ v < v0.
(a) 100 m (b) 90 m
(a) The displacement in time T must always take non-
negative values (c) 180 m (d) 160 m
(b) The displacement x in time T satisfies – v0 T < x < v0T 28. A particle moves for 50 seconds if first accelerates from rest
(c) The acceleration is always a non-negative number and then retard or deaccelerates to rest. If the retardation be 5
(d) The motion has no turning points times the acceleration then the time for retardation is:
20. A vehicle travels half the distance with speed v1 and the other (a) 25/3 second (b) 50/3 second
half with speed v2, then its average speed is: (c) 25 second (d) 100/3 second
ν1 + ν 2 2ν1 + ν 2 29. A truck travelling with uniform acceleration crosses two points
(a) (b)
2 ν1 + ν 2 A & B with velocities 60 m/s and 40 m/s respectively. The

(c) 2ν1ν 2 (d)

( ν1 + ν 2 ) speed of the body at the mid point of A and B is nearest to:
ν1 + ν 2 ν1ν 2 (a) 17 m/s (b) 20 m/s
(c) 19.49 m/s (d) 50.9 m/s
MOTION WITH UNIFORM ACCELERATION IN
30. An object of mass 10 Kg moves at a constant speed of 20 m/s.
STRAIGHT LINE PATH, MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
A constant force, that acts for 5 second on the object gives it
21. A bullet emerges from a barrel of length 1.2 m with a speed a speed 2 m/s in opposite direction. The force acting on the
of 640 ms–1. Assuming constant acceleration the approximate
object is:
time that it spends in the barrel after the bullet fired is:
(a) 44 N (b) –44 N
(a) 40 ms (b) 4 ms
(c) 4 second (d) 0.4 second (c) –20 N (d) 20 N
22. A particle having initial velocity 10 m/s moves with a constant 31. A body thrown vertically upwards with a speed of
acceleration 5ms–2, for a time 15 second along a straight line, 19.6 ms –1 from the top of a tower returns to the earth in
what is the displacement of the particle in the last 2 second? 10 seconds. What will be the height of tower?
(a) 160 m (b) 200 m
(a) 304 m (b) 308 m
(c) 210 m (d) 230 m
(c) 310 m (d) 312 m
23. A ball thrown vertically upward with a speed of 19.6 m/s
from the top of a tower returns to the earth in 6 second. 32. A splash is heard after 3 second after the stone is dropped
What is the height of the tower? into a well of depth 20 m. The velocity of sound is:
(a) 40 m (b) 58.8 m (a) 18 m/s (b) 28 m/s
(c) 50 m (d) 70 m (c) 20 m/s (d) 19 m/s
52 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 33. From a balloon rising vertically upward at 6m/s a stone is 41. The velocity at t = 2.0 s is:
thrown up at 16 m/s relative to the balloon. Its velocity with (a) 10 m s–1 (b) 0 m s–1
respect to the ground after 2 second is:
(c) 5 m s–1 (d) 2.5 m s–1
(a) 10 m/s (b) 4 m/s
(c) 6 m/s (d) 2 m/s 42. The average velocity between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s is:
34. Water drops falls at regular intervals from a tap which is 8 (a) 30 (b) 15 m s–1
m above the ground. The third drop is leaving the tap at the (c) 10 m s–1 (d) None of these
instant the first drop touches the ground the second drop at
43. The position of an object moving along X-axis is given by
that instant, is at height:
x = a – bt2, where a = 8.5 m, b = 2.5 ms–2 and t is measured in
(a) 2 m (b) 6 m
seconds. For the given situation, match the terms in Column
(c) 4 m (d) 6.05 m
I with the values of Column II and choose the correct option
35. Two balls A & B, mass of A is m and that of B is 5 m are from the codes given below:
dropped from the towers of height 36 m and 64 m respectively.
The ratio of the time taken by them to reach the ground is: Column I Column II
(a) 0.75 (b) 3/4 A. Velocity of object at t = 2.0 s 1. – 15 ms–1
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) 5/2 B. Velocity of object at t = 0s 2. – 10 ms–1
36. A man throws a ball vertically upward and it rises through C. Instantaneous speed of object at 3. 0 ms–1
40 m and returns to his hands, what was the ascent initial t = 2.0 s
velocity of the ball and for how much time (T) it remained in D. Average velocity between t = 2.0 4. 10 ms–1
the air? s and t = 4.0 s
(a) T = 5 sec, u = 20 3 m/s
Codes:
(b) T = 5.64 sec, u = 10 2 m/s
(a) A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4
(c) T = 5.64 sec, u = 20 2 m/s
(b) A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
(d) None of these
(c) A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
37. A lift is coming from 8th floor and is just about to reach 4th
(d) A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4
floor. Taking ground floor as origin and positive direction
upwards for all quantities, which one of the following is GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION
correct?
(a) x < 0, v < 0, a > 0 (b) x > 0, v < 0, a < 0 44. The slope of the tangent to the v - t curve gives the value of:
(c) x > 0, v < 0, a > 0 (d) x > 0, v > 0, a < 0 (a) Instantaneous acceleration
MOTION WITH NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION, (b) Instantaneous velocity
APPLICATION OF CALCULUS (c) Average acceleration
38. The velocity of the particle at any time t is given by (d) Centripetal acceleration
V = 2t(3 – t) ms–1. At what time is its velocity maximum?
45.
(a) 2 second (b) 1.5 seconds
(c) 1 second (d) 5 second
39. The acceleration a of the body starting from rest varies with
time following the equation a = 8t + 5. The velocity of the
body at time t = 2 sec will be:
(a) 22 m/s (b) 26 m/s
(c) 28 m/s (d) 30 m/s With reference to the above graph there are three statements
given below. Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?
Paragraph for Q. 40 to 43
I. The acceleration is non-uniform over, the period 0 s to
Given questions are based on following passage. Choose
the correct option from those given below. 10 s
The position of an object moving along X-axis is given by II. The acceleration is zero between 10 s to 18 s
x = a + bt2, where a = 8.5 m, b = 2.5 ms–2 and t is measured III. The acceleration is constant with value –12 ms–2 between
in seconds. 18 s to 20 s
40. The velocity at t = 0 s is: Choose the correct option from those given below.
(a) 0 m s –1
(b) 10 m s–1
(a) Only I (b) I and II
(c) 8.5 m s –1
(d) 2.5 m s –1
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III

Motion in a Straight Line 53

46. Match the terms in Column I with items (position-time graph) 49. An object is moving in negative direction with a negative
in Column II and choose the correct option from the codes acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant
given below: acceleration which represents the above situation is:

Column I Column II
A. Positive acceleration 1. (a) (b)

(c) (d) 
B. Negative acceleration 2.

50. The v-t curve shown above is a straight line parallel to time-
C. Zero acceleration axis. The displacement in the time interval t = 0 and t = T is
3.
equal to

Codes:

(a) A-1 B-2 C-3 (a) μT

(b) A-1 B-3 C-2 (b) Area of the rectangle of height μ and base T
(c) A-2 B-1 C-3 (c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) A-3 B-2 C-1 (d) Slope of the curve

47. An object is moving in a positive direction with a positive 51. The displacement time graph for two particles A & B are
straight line inclined at the angles of 30° & 45° with the time
acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant
axis. The ratio of velocities of VA : VB is:
acceleration which represents the above situation is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 3
3
(a) (b) 2
(c) (d) 3
3
52. Among the four graph shown in the figure there is only one
graph for which average velocity over the time interval (0, T)
can vanish for a suitably chosen T. Which one is it?
(c) (d)  x
(a) (b)

48. The velocity-time graph for motion with constant acceleration t

for an object moving in positive direction with a negative x x
acceleration is: (c) (d) 

t t
(a) (b)
RELATIVE MOTION IN 1 D

53. A bus begins to move with an acceleration of 1 ms–2. A man

who is 48 m behind the bus starts running at 10 ms–1 to catch
(c) (d) the bus. The man will be able to catch the bus after:
(a) 6 s (b) 12 s
(c) 3 s (d) 8 s

54 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 54. An elevator car whose floor to ceiling distance is equal to 56. Two trains are moving with equal speed in opposite directions
3.8m, starts ascending with constant acceleration of 2.2 m/s2, along two parallel railway tracks. If the wind is blowing with
4 second after the start a bolt begins falling from the ceiling speed u along the track so that the relative velocities of the
of the car. The free fall time of the bolt is: trains with respect to the wind are in the ratio 1 : 2, then the
speed of each train must be:
(a) 0.132 second (b) 0.931 second
(a) 3u (b) 2u
(c) 1 second (d) 0.795 second
(c) 5u (d) 4u
55. Two trains one 60 m long and other is 80 m long are travelling
57. Two balls are dropped from same height at 1 second interval
in opposite direction with velocity 10 m/s and 25 m/s. The of time. The separation between the two balls after 4 second
time of crossing is: of the drop of the 1st ball is:
(a) 4 second (b) 5 second (a) 30 m (b) 35 m
(c) 6 second (d) 3 second (c) 40 m (d) 48 m

Learning Plus

1. The numerical ratio of distance to displacement is: 7. A particle start from rest with a velocity of 10 m/s and moves
(a) Always equal to one (b) Always less than one with a constant acceleration till the velocity increases to 100
m/s. At an instant the acceleration is simultaneously reversed,
(c) Always greater than one (d) Equal to or more than one
what will be the velocity of the particle when it comes back to
2. A wheel of radius 3 m rolls forward half a revolution on a the starting point?
horizontal ground. The magnitude of the displacement of the (a) 10 m/s (b) 20 m/s
point of the wheel initially in contact with the ground is: (c) 30 m/s (d) 40 m/s
(a) 2π m (b) 2π m 8. Two balls of different masses ma & mb are dropped from
two different heights a and b. The ratio of the time taken
(c) π2 + 4 m (d) 3 π2 + 4  by the two to cover these distances are:
(a) 1 (b) a / b
3. The displacement of a body along x-axis depends on time as (c) b : a (d) a : b
x = 3t + 5 . Then the velocity of body:
9. A stone is dropped from a bridge at a height of 180 m over
(a) Increase with time (b) Independent of time a river. After 3 second, a second ball is thrown straight
(c) Decrease with time (d) None of these downwards. What should be the initial velocity of the second
ball so that both hit the water simultaneously?
4. A particle is moving with a constant speed V in a circle. (a) 45 m/s (b) 46 m/s
What is the magnitude of average velocity after one-fourth (c) 50 m/s (d) 55 m/s
rotation? 10. When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity V0, it reaches
(a) πV (b) 2V a maximum height of h. If one wishes to triple the maximum
2 π height then the ball should be thrown with velocity:
(a) 3V0 (b) 3 V0
πR
(c) 2 2V (d) (c) 9 V0 (d) 3/2 V0
π 2V 11. A body thrown upwards with some velocity reaches the
5. A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its velocity after maximum height of 50 m. Another body with double the
penetrating 4 cm. How much further it will penetrate before mass thrown up with four times the initial velocity will
coming to rest assuming that it faces constant resistance to reach a maximum height of:
motion? (a) 600 m (b) 200 m
(c) 800 m (d) 100 m
(a) 0.2 cm (b) 5 cm
12. A ball is projected vertically upwards, the time corresponding
(c) 3 cm (d) 1.33 cm
to height h while ascending and while descending are t1 and t2
6. A juggler maintains four balls in motion making each of them respectively. Then the velocity of projection is:
to rise of height of 40m from his hand, what time interval
(a) g(t1 + t 2 ) (b) t1 + t2
should be maintain for the proper distance between them? 2
(a) 1.71 seconds (b) 2.14 seconds (c) 2g(t1 + t2) (d) 3 g(t1 + t 2 )
(c) 1.41 seconds (d) 4 seconds 2
Motion in a Straight Line 55
13. If the velocity of a car is given by V = (150 – 10x)1/2 m/s. If 18. The distance between two trucks moving towards each other
car retards their motion by applying brakes then what will be is decreasing at the rate of 10 m/s. If these trucks travel with
the acceleration? same speeds in same direction the separation increases at the
(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2 rate of 5 m/s. The velocity of the trucks are:
(c) 5 m/s 2
(d) –5 m/s2 (a) V1 = 8.5 m/s , V2 = 1.5 m/s
14. The x-t graph for motion of a car is given below. With (b) V1 = 7.5 m/s , V2 = 2.5 m/s
reference to the graph which of the given statement (s) is/are (c) V1 = 5 m/s , V2 = 5 m/s
correct?
(d) None of these
19. A bus is moving with a speed of 10 m/s on the straight road. A
scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 50 seconds. If the bus
is at a distance of 1 km from the scooterist, with what speed
should the scooterist chase the bus?
(a) 50 m/s (b) 60 m/s
(c) 80 m/s (d) 30 m/s
A. The instantaneous speed during the interval t = 5 s to t =
10 s is negative at all time instants during the interval. 20. A rocket travelling at a speed of 200 m/s ejects its products
B. The velocity and the average velocity for the interval t = of combustion at the speed of 1200 m/s relative to the rocket,
0 s to t = 5 is equal and positive. then the speed of escaping vapours with respect to the person
C. The car changes its direction of motion at t = 5 s on the ground is:
D. The instantaneous speed and the instantaneous velocity is (a) 1000 ms–1 (b) 1200 m/s
positive at all time instants during the interval t = 0 s to (c) 1400 m/s (d) 200 m/s
t=5s
Choose the correct option: 21. Two sphere of same size, one of mass 2kg and another of
mass 4 kg, are dropped simultaneously from the top of Qutab
(a) A, B and C (b) B and C
Minar (height = 72 m). When they are 1 m above the ground,
(c) B, C and D (d) A, B, C and D
the two spheres have the same:
15. An object is moving in positive direction till time t and
(a) Momentum (b) Kinetic energy
then turns back with the same negative acceleration. The
velocity time graph which best describes the situation is: (c) Potential energy (d) Acceleration
22. On a long horizontally moving belt, a child runs to and fro with
a speed 9 km h–1 (with respect to the belt) between his father and
(a) (b) mother located 50 m apart on the moving belt. The belt moves
with a speed of 4 km h–1. For an observer on a stationary platform,
the speed of the child running in the direction of motion of the
belt is:
(c) (d)  (a) 4 km h–1 (b) 5 km h–1
(c) 9 km h–1 (d) 13 km h–1
16. A particle starts from rest at t = 0 and moves in a straight 23. From a building two balls A and B are thrown such that A
line with an acceleration shown below. The velocity of the is thrown upwards and B downwards with same velocity.
particle at t = 3 s is:
VA & VB are the velocities on reaching the ground then:
(a) VB > VA (b) VA = VB
(c) VA > VB (d) Velocity depends upon mass
24. Which one of the following represents the x-t graph of two
object A and B moving with zero relative speed?

(a) (b)
(a) 5 m/s (b) 6 m/s
(c) 10 m/s (d) 15 m/s
17. A train of 200 m long travelling at 50 m/s overtakes another
train 130 m long travelling at 30 m/s. The time taken by the
first train to pass the second train is: (c) (d) 
(a) 15 second (b) 17 second
(c) 16.5 second (d) 18 second
56 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 25. A car accelerates from rest at constant rate α for some time & 28. A ball is bouncing elastically with a speed 1 m/s between
decelerates at rate β. Find the final velocity attained in t sec.: walls of a railway compartment of size 10 m in a direction
αβ  β2  perpendicular to walls. The train is moving at a constant
(a) V = t (b) V = t  
α −β  α −β velocity of 10 m/s parallel to the direction of motion of the
α2 αβ ball. As seen from the ground:
(c) V = t (d) V = t
α+β α+β  (a) The direction of motion of the ball changes every 10
seconds
26. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have acceleration
given by a = g – bv where g = gravitational acceleration and b is (b) Speed of ball changes every 15 seconds
constant. After a long time of release, it is observed to fall with (c) Average speed of ball over any 25 seconds interval is
constant speed. The value of constant speed is fixed
g b
(a) (b) (d) The acceleration of ball is the same as from the train
b g
(c) bg (d) b 29. For the one-dimensional motion, described by
x = t – sint:
27. The velocity υ and displacement r of a body are related as
(a) x(t) > 0 for all t > 0
υ2 = kr, where k is a constant. What will be the velocity after
1 second? (Given that the displacement is zero at t = 0). (b) v(t) > 0 for all t > 0

(a) kr 3/2
(b) kr  (c) a(t) > 0 for all t > 0

(c) k r 0 (d) Data is not sufficient (d) v(t) lies between 0 and 2
2

Multiconcept MCQs
1. Let P, Q and R represent the positions of the car at different 3. A shuttle cork hitted upward from badminton racket with a
instants of time. velocity of 50 m/s and it reaches 3 m from the hitting point in
last seconds of its upward journey. If the same shuttle cork is
hitted upward with a velocity of 200 m/s, then what will be
the distance travelled in last second of its upward journey?
Consider the following statements with reference to the (a) 111 m (b) 170 m
above situation. (c) 153 m (d) 120 m
(a) Distance moved by the car from O to P is OP = 360m. 4. A balloon is rising vertically up with a velocity of 30 m/s. A
stone is dropped from it reaches the ground in 8 seconds. The
(b) Distance and path length are same, so path length height of the balloon when the stone was dropped from it is:
traversed from O to P is also OP = 360 m. (a) 80 m (b) 100 m
(c) If the car moves from O to P and then moves back from P (c) 85 m (d) 95 m
to Q, the path length traversed is OP + PQ = 480 m. 5. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a
(d) If the car moves from O to P and then moves back from P distance S, then continues at constant speed for time t and
to Q, the path length traversed is OQ = 240 m. then decelerates as the rate f/2 to come to rest. If the total
distance traveled is 15 S, then:
Choose the correct option 1
(a) S = ft (b) S = ft 2
(a) Statements A, B and C are correct 6
1 1
(b) Statements A, B and D are correct (c) S = ft 2 (d) S = ft 2
72 144
(c) Statements A and C are correct 6. A particle moving along X-axis has acceleration f, at time t,
(d) Statements D is correct t
given by f 0  1 −  , where f and t are constants between t
 0
2. A ball is dropped on the floor from a height of 10 m. It rebounds  T 
to a height of 2.5 m. If the ball is in contact with the floor for = 0 and the instant when f = 0, the particle’s velocity (vx) is:
0.01 second, the average acceleration during contact is: (a) f0T (b) f0T2
(a) 2121 m/s2 downward (b) 2121 m/s2 upward 1
(c) f0T2 (d) f 0T
(c) 1400 m/s2 (d) 700 m/s2 2 
Motion in a Straight Line 57
 7. A bird is tossing (flying to and fro) between two cars moving
towards each other on a straight road. One car has speed of
27 km h–1 while the other has the speed of 18 km h–1. The bird
(a) (b)
starts moving from first car towards the other and is moving
with the speed of 36 km h–1 when the two cars were separated
by 36 km. The total distance covered by the bird is:
(a) 28.8 km (b) 38.8 km
(c) 48.8 km (d) 58.8 km
8. A stone is dropped from the top of tall cliff and n seconds
later another stone is thrown vertically downwards with a
velocity u. Then the second stone overtakes the first, below (c) (d)
the top of the cliff at a distance given by:
2 2
  gn    u 
nu − 2   n  − gn  
g
g
(a)    (b)   2  13. A particle starts moving rectilinearly at time t = 0 such that its
2  ( u − gn )  2  ( u − gn )  velocity ‘v’ changes with time ‘t’ according to the equation
    v = t2 – t where t is in seconds and v is in m/s. The time
2 2 interval for which the particle retards is: 
 u   
n − gn   (a) t < 1/2 (b) 1/2 < t < 1
g  g  ( u − gn ) 
(c)   2  (d)   (c) t > 1 (d) t < 1/2 and t > 1
2 u   5  u 
  2 − gn     2 − gn 
 14. A particle moving with uniform acceleration has average
velocities V1, V2 and V3 over the successive intervals of time
9. A ball is released from the top of a tower of height h. It taken
T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position of the ball (V - V )
t1 , t2 and t3 respectively. The value of 1 2 will be:
at T/3 seconds? V2 - V3
(a) h/9 from ground (b) 7h/9 form ground t1 − t 2
(a) (b) t1 − t 2
(c) 8h/9 from ground (d) 17h/18 from ground t 2 − t3 t 2 + t3
10. A particle traveling along a straight line traverse one third of (c) t1 + t 2 (d) t1 + t 2 
the total distance with a velocity V0. The remaining part of t 2 − t3 t 2 + t3
the distance was covered with a velocity V1 for half the time
15. The relation between time and displacement is t = αx2 + βx,
and velocity V2 for the other half of the time. Find the mean
velocity of the point averaged over the whole motion of time: where α, β are constants. The retardation is:
(a) 2 α V3 (b) 2 β V3
3V0 (V1 + V2 ) V0 (V1 + V2 )
(a) (b) (c) 2 α β V3 (d) 2 β2 V3
V1 + V2 + 12V0 V1 + V2 + 12V0
16. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower of height h. After
V0 V + V2 + V0 1 second another stone is dropped from the balcony 20 m
(c) (d) 1
V1 + V2 + V0 V0  below the top, both reach the bottom simultaneously. What is
11. Two bikes A and B are moving in the same direction with the value of h?
velocities uA and uB (uA > uB). When the bike A is at a distance (a) 31.25 m (b) 100 m
s behind the bike B, the driver of the bike A applies breaks (c) 120 m (d) 130 m
producing a uniform retardation α. There collision in the two
bikes is avoided only when: 17. A crazy ball is dropped on to the floor from the hand of the
children from the height of 2 m. It rebounds to the height of 1.5
(uA − uB ) (uA − uB )
2 2

(a) s < (b) s = only m. If the ball was in contact with the floor for 0.02 second, what
2α 2α
was the average acceleration during contact?
(uA − uB ) (uA − uB )
2 2

(c) s ≥ (d) s ≤  (a) 544.5 ms–2 (b) 600 ms–2

2α 2α
(c) 589.5 ms –2
(d) 400 ms–2
12. A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in the
positive x-direction with a constant acceleration. At the same 18. A particle moves along a straight line OX. At a time t (in
instant another body passes through x = 0 moving in the seconds) the distance x (in metres) of the particle from O is
positive x-direction with a constant speed. The position of given by x = 20 + 14t – t3. How long would the particle travel
the first body is given by x1 (t) after ‘t’ and that of the second before coming to rest:
1 1
body by x2 (t) after the same time interval. Which of the (a) (3) 2 (b) (5) 2
following graphs correctly describes (x1 –x2) as a function 1
1
of time ‘t’ ? (c) (8) 2
(d) (18) 2

58 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 NEET Past 10 Years Questions
1. A toy car with charge q moves on a frictionless horizontal 5. If the velocity of a particle is v = At + Bt2, where A and B are
plane
 surface under the influence of a uniform electric field constants, then the distance travelled by it between 1 s and 2
E . Due to the force qE , its velocity increases from 0 to s is: (2016 - I)
6 m/s in one second duration. At that instant the direction
of the field is reversed. The car continues to move for two (a) 3 A + 4B (b) 3A + 7B
more seconds under the influence of this field. The average 2
velocity and the average speed of the toy car between 0 to 3
second are respectively (2018) (c) 3 A + 7 B (d)
A B
+ 
(a) 1 m/s, 3.5 m/s (b) 1 m/s, 3 m/s 2 3 2 3
(c) 2 m/s, 4 m/s (d) 1·5 m/s, 3 m/s 6. A particle of unit mass undergoes one dimensional motion such
2. Preeti reached the metro station and found that the escalator was that its velocity varies according to v(x) = βx–2n where β and n are
not working. She walked up the stationary escalator in time t1.
constants and x is the position of the particle. The acceleration of
On other days, if she remains stationary on the moving escalator,
then the escalator takes her up in time t2. The time taken by her the particle as a function of x, is given by: (2015)
to walk up on the moving escalator will be: (2017-Delhi)
(a) –2nβ2 x–4n – 1 (b) –2β2 x–2n + 1
(a) t1t 2 (b) t1t 2 (c) –2nβ2 e–4n + 1 (d) –2nβ2 x–2n – 1
t 2 − t1 t 2 + t1
(c) t2 – t1 (d) t1 + t 2  7. A stone falls freely under gravity. It covers distances h1, h2 and h3
2 in the first 5 seconds, the next 5 seconds and the next 5 seconds
3. The ‘x’ and ‘y’ coordinates of the particle at any time are
respectively. The relation between h1, h2 and h3 is: (2013)
‘x’ = 5t – 2t2 and ‘y’ = 10t, respectively, where ‘x’ and ‘y’ are
in metres and ‘t’ in seconds. The acceleration of the particle (a) h1 = h2 = h3
at t = 2 s is:  (2017-Delhi)
(a) 5 m/s 2
(b) –4 m/s 2 (b) h1 = 2h2 = 3h3
(c) –8 m/s2 (d) 0 h 2 h3
(c) h=
1 =
4. Two cars P and Q start from a point at the same time 3 5
in a straight line and their positions are represented by (d) h2 = 3h1 and h3 = 3h2
XP(t) = at + bt2 and XQ(t) = ft – t2. At what time do the cars
8. The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by
have the same velocity? (2016 - II)
equation : x = 8 + 12t – t3 where x is in metre and t in second.
a+f f −a The retardation of the particle when its velocity becomes zero,
(a) (b)
2 (1 + b ) 2 (1 + b ) is: (2012 Pre)

a −f a+f (a) 24 ms–2 (b) Zero

(c) (d) 
1+ b 2 ( b − 1) (c) 6 ms–2 (d) 12 ms–2

Motion in a Straight Line 59

 ANSWER KEY

Topicwise Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (d) 50. (c)
51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (b)

Learning Plus
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b, c, d) 29. (a, d)

Multiconcept MCQs
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b)

NEET Past 10 Years Questions

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d)

60 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 Motion in a
2 Straight Line

Topicwise Questions

 4. (c) Displacement = (7m, –2m, –3m) – (–4m, –5m, +8m)

r 20i + 30j ; initial position
1. (b) Position of the man =
 = (11m, 3m, –11m)
r0= 0i + 0j
  5. (b) Displacement is denoted by ∆x, in time ∆t = t2 – t1 is given
Displacement = change in position =r − r0 =20i + 30j by the difference between final position (t2) and initial
position (t1).
( 20 ) + ( 30 )
2 2
=
Magnitude of displacement is
6. (a) So, the position coordinates of point P = (+360,0,0)
=r 400 + 900 = =
1300 36.05 m and point R = (–120,0,0).

2. (a) An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south so let 7. (a) Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1
aeroplane starts there journey from point O For journey, displacement of car moving from O to P,
x2 = +360 m x1 = 0 m
N
⇒ ∆x = x2 – x1 = 360 – 0 = + 360 m
300m For journey, displacement in moving from P to Q
400m W E x2 = + 240 m x1 = + 360 m
⇒ ∆x = x2 – x1 = 240 – 360 = – 120 m
100m Here, –ve sign implies that the displacement is in –ve
S
O direction i.e., towards left.
Net displacement of the plane is 100 m, after it flies 1200 m 8. (d) For motion of the car from O to P
upward; so the displacement or position is- Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = + 360 m – 0 m = + 360 m

=r 100i + 1200j Path length = Distance OP = 360
So, displacement and path length are same.
(100 ) + (1200 )
2 2
=
Magnitude of displacement =r
For motion of the car from O to P and back to Q
r = 10000 + 1440000 =1204 m Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = + 240 m – 0 m = + 240 m
Path length = OP + PQ = + 360 m + (+ 120 m)
= 1204 m  1200
= + 480 m = 480 m
So, displacement and path length are not equal.
9. (a) Displacement = ∆x = x2 – x1 = 0 – 0 = 0 m
Path length of the journey
3. (c) = OP + PO = + 360 m + (+ 360)m = 720 m
10. (b) Given, x = (t – 2)2
dx d
Velocity, v = = ( t − 2 ) = 2 ( t − 2 ) m/s
2

dt dt
∴ Displacement is line segment AB
dν d
Acceleration,=
a =  2 ( t − 2 )  = 2[1 – 0] = 2 m/s2
AB = R2 + R2 = 2R dt dt 
 When, Short Trick:
t = 0, v = – 4 m/s 2 × V1 × V2 2 × 40 × 80 6400
av. velocity = = =
t = 2s; v = 0 m/s V1 + V2 40 + 80 120
t = 4s; v = 4 m/s = 53.3 km / hr
v – t graph is shown in
adjacent diagram.
Distance traveled = area
of the graph = area OAB 17. (a) ∆v =−40iˆ + 30ˆj
+ area CBD
⇒4 + 4 = 8m
11. (b) Displacement is zero
|∆v| Magnitude of change in velocity
12. (c) When particle is moving with uniform velocity then
acceleration is always zero. Under uniform motion speed ( 30 ) + ( 40 ) = 900 + 1600
2 2
=
also remains constant.
50
13. (a) Displacement = 2R =
∆v = 50 km / s
2500 a = km/s 2 = 5 km/s2
R 10
Time = 20 sec. 18. (d) vi = 5 m/s vf = 5 m/s N
2R 2 × 80
= =
Average velocity = 8m / s R ∴∆v = vf – (vi)
20 20
= vf + (–vi) W E
14. (d) x = a + bt2
Differentiating both side
dx d ( a + bt )
2 vi = 5 m/s S
= ⇒ V =0 + 2bt
dt dt
V = 0 + 2 × 15 × 3 ⇒ V = 90 cms–1

 vf  5 m / s
Total distance v
15. (a) Average speed =
Total time
( vf ) + ( vi )
2 2
Total time is t1 + t2 + t3 =
∆v ∆v =5 2m/s
x x x
=t1 = , t2 = , t3 ∆t = 10 seconds
3 × 20 3 × 40 3 × 60
x 5 2 1
∴ Average speed = av. acceleration
= m/s 2 (towards north-west)
=
x x x 2 10
+ +
3 × 20 3 × 40 3 × 60 19. (b) For maximum and minimum displacement we have to
x 3 3 × 180 keep in mind the magnitude and direction of maximum
=
x 1 1= 1  9
=
+ 4.5 + 3 16.5 velocity.
 + +  As maximum velocity in positive direction is v0.
3  20 40 60  180
Maximum velocity in opposite direction is also v0.
Average speed = 32.7 m/s
Maximum displacement in one direction = v0T
3 × 20 × 40 × 60
Short trick: Av.speed = Maximum displacement in opposite directions = – v0T
20 × 40 + 40 × 60 + 60 × 20
Hence, – v0T < x < v0T.
144000 144000 l /2 l
= = = 32.7 m/s 20. (c) Time taken to travel first half distance t1 = =
800 + 2400 + 1200 4400 v1 2v1
Total distance / displacement l
16. (b) Average velocity = Time taken to travel second half distance t2 =
Total time 2v2
Total time = t1 + t2
l 1 l 1 1 
x x Total time = t1 + t2 = + =  + 
Now, t1 =
= , t2 2v1 2v2 2  v1 v2 
2 × 40 2 × 80
We know that,
x
∴ Average velocity = total distance
x
+
x =Vav Average
= speed
2 × 40 2 × 80 total time
l 2v1v2
x 1 = =
= = 
l 1 1  v1 + v2
x 1 1  1  1 80 160  + 
 +  1
 =+  = = 53.3 km / hr 2  v1 v2 
2  40 80  80  2  3 / 2 3
Motion in a Straight Line 15
21. (b) Length of the barrel = 1.2 m 28. (a) Let particle accelerates with acceleration α for time t1, and
Speed of the bullet = 640 ms–1 retard with retardation –β for t2.
According to the third equation of motion t1 + t2 = 50
V2 = u2 + 2as V2 = 0 + 2as CASE -1 CASE -2
320 × 640
640 × 640 = 2 × a × 1.2 =a v = u + αt1 v = u – βt2
1.2
640 × 320 1.2 × 640 v = 0 + αt1 0 = u – βt2
640 = 0+ ×t ⇒ t=
1.2 640 × 320 v = αt1 u = βt2
t = 0.0037 = t = 3.7 × 10–3 ⇒ t ≈ 4ms Initial velocity is equal to the final velocity of Case I.
22. (a) Displacement in last 2 seconds αt1 = βt2 αt1 = 5αt2
1
is = S15 – S13 = a (15 − 13) + a (152 − 132 ) αt1 = 5αt2 ⇒ 5t2 + t2 = 50 6t2 = 50 ⇒ t2 = 25/3 sec.
2
1
= 10 × 2 + × 5 × ( 225 − 169 )= 20 + 140 = 160 m
2 VA 2 + VB 2
29. (d) As we know the relation Vmid =
23. (b) u = – 19.6 ms–1 a = 9.8 ms–2 t = 6s 2

1 1
( 60 ) + ( 40 )
2 2
3600 + 1600
= ut + at 2
S S =−19.6 × 6 + × 9.8 × 62
2 2 =Vmid =
2 2
=−19.6 × 6 + 4.9 × 36
S = 58.8 m
5200
v 2 − u 2 0 − ( 40 ) −1600
2
=
Vmid = =
2600 50.9 m/s
24. (a) 2as = v2 – u2 =a = = 2
2s 2 × 108 216
30. (b) As we know that,
a = –7.4 m/s2
v = u + at , v = –2 m/s , u = 20 m/s
And,
(–ve sign) = opposite direction
v = u + at v – u = at
v−u −2 − 20 −22
v − u 0 − ( 40 ) −40 =a =
a⇒ =
a
∴= t = = = 5.4 s t 5 5
a −7.4 −7.4
25. (b) In vertically upward motion V = 0 −22
Force = ma = 10 × =
−44N
5
v2 – u2 = 2as 0 – (40)2 = 2 × –10 × s
–1600 = –20 × s ⇒ +80 m = s 31. (a) Body covers equal distance in ascending or descending
1
26. (b) Distance covered in 8th second h= ut + gt 2 (u = –ve)
2
a a
S8th = u + ( 2n − 1) = 0 + ( 2 × 8 − 1) (g = +ve because after passing highest position motion is
2 2
under gravity)
a
S8th = (15 ) 1
2 h =−19.6 × 10 + × 10 × 100 (g = +ve)
2
Distance covered in 8 second-
= –196 + 5 × 100 = 500 – 196 h = 304 m
1 1 a
S = ut + at 2 ⇒ 0 + a × 64 = 64   32. (c) Stone is dropped, u = 0
2 2 2
a Let t is the time taken by the stone to cover depth of 20 m.
S8th (15)
Ratio,
= 2= 15 1 1 t=2
a 20 = ut + gt 2 ⇒ 20 = × 10 × t 2
S8
( 64 ) 64 2 2
2 Splash heard after 3 second but time taken by stone is 2
27. (c) According to the 3rd equation of motion second
v2 – u2 = 2as ∴∆t = 3 – 2 = 1 second
After applying the brakes car will come to rest v = 0 or velocity of particle = 20/1 = 20 m/s
u2 ∝ s
2
33. (d) Initial velocity of the balloon w.r.t the ground
s u2 u  u = 6 + 16 = 22 m/s
∴ 1 = 1 2 ⇒ s 2 =  2  × s1
s2 u 2  u1  because thrown velocity of stone and balloon is opposite
2
in direction w.r.t the ground
 30  Velocity after 2 second ⇒ v = u – gt
s 2 =  × 20 =9 × 20 =180 m
 10  v = 22 – 10 × 2 v = 22 – 20 = 2 m/s
16 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 dv
34. (b) Time taken by first drop to reach the ground t =
2h 39. (b) a = 8t + 5 ⇒ = 8t + 5 ⇒ dv = ( 8t + 5 ) dt
g dt
v t
8t 2
S2 ∫0 dv = ∫0 (8t + 5) dt ⇒ v = 2 + 5t
0 v = 4t2 + 5t = 4 × 4 + 10 = 16 + 10 = 26 m/s

x 40. (a) Given, x (t) = a + bt2; (a = 8.5 m and b = 2.5 ms–2)

0 In notation of differential calculus, the velocity is
2×8 dx d
=t = 1.6 ⇒=t 1.26 sec. v = = ( a + bt 2 ) =2bt
10 dt dt
As the water drops falls at regular intervals of time. Let it At t = 0, v = 2 b × 0 = 0 ms–1
be approx second drop is halfway between third and first
drop, so time difference between any two drops = 1/2 sec 41. (a) Also, refer to solution no.55
= 1.26/2 = 0.63 sec. Since, v = 2bt
1
Distance of 2nd drop S2 = gt 2 (u = 0) ⇒ At t = 2 velocity = 2 × 2.5 × 2 = 10 ms–1
2
From the tap x ( t 2 ) − x ( t1 ) x ( 4.0 ) − x ( 2.0 )
42. (b) Average velocity = =
t 2 − t1 4.0 − 2.0
1
S2 = × 10 × ( 0.63)
2
=2m
2 (=
a + 16b ) − ( a + 4b )
Distance of drop from ground (x) = 8 – 2 = 6 m Given,=
n(t) = a + bt2 6.0 b
2.0
35. (c) Time period is independent of mass of body. = 6.0 × 2.5 = 15 ms–1

2h tA 3 43. (b) Given, x(t) = a –bt2, a = 8.5m and b = 2.5m/s2 = 8.5 –2.5t2
t= ∴ =
g tB 4 dx
Velocity of object = = −2bt
36. (c) Velocity of descent or ascent always equal. dt

V= 2×g× h = 2 × 10 × 40 = 800 = 20 2 m / s dx
(A) velocity at t = 2.0 s = = −4b
Time of ascent and descent always equal. dt t =2

T = time of ascent + time of descent

T = t1 + t2 = –4 × 2.5 = – 10 ms–1
Let t1 is the time of ascent and t2 be that of descent
v = u – gt dx
(B) velocity at t= 0= = 0 ms −1
0 = u – gt1 v = u + gt2 dt t =0
u = gt1 u = 0 + gt2
(C) Instantaneous speed = Magnitude of velocity
u u
t1 = = t2 = | – 10 ms–1| = 10 ms–1
g g
u u 2u 2 × 800 x ( t 2 ) − x ( t1 )
T = t1 + t2 T= + = = (D) Average velocity =
g g g 10 t 2 − t1
T= 4 × 2 sec T = 4 × 1.41 = 5.64 seconds x ( 4) − x ( 2)
=
37. (a) As the lift is coming in downward direction, displacement 4−2
will be negative. We have to see whether the motion is
accelerating or retarding. a − b ( 4 )2  − a − b ( 2 )2 
We know that due to downward motion displacement will =   
be negative. When the lift reaches 4th floor is about to stop 2
hence, motion is retarding in nature. Hence, x < 0; a > 0. 4b − 16b 12b
= = − = −6b
As displacement is in negative direction, velocity will 2 2
also be negative i.e., v < 0. = – 6 × 2.5 ms–1 = – 15 ms–1
38. (b) At the time of maximum velocity, acceleration is zero.
44. (a) The acceleration at an instant is the slope of the tangent to
V = 2t (3 – t) V = 6t – 2t2
the v - t curve at that instant.
Differentiating both side
45. (d) In graph, non-uniform acceleration during 0s to 10s and
dv d ( 6t − 2t )
2
acceleration is zero between 10s to 18s and it becomes
= 0 = 6 – 4t t = 1.5
dt dt constant between 18s to 20s.
Motion in a Straight Line 17
46. (b) In position-time curve, upward direction for positive 52. (c) In graph (c) for one value of displacement there are two
acceleration and downward for negative acceleration and different points of time. Hence, for one time, the average
it is straight line for zero acceleration as shown in figure. velocity is positive and for other time it is equally negative.
As there are opposite velocities in the interval 0 to T.
Hence average velocity can vanish.
53. (d) We are considering that the man will catch the bus after time
t sec. Then, according to the second equation of motion
1
10t= 48 + × 1 × t 2
2
t2 = 20t + 90 = 0 t2 – 20t – 90 = 0
⇒ (t – 12) (t – 8) = 0
t = 8 sec. and t = 12 sec.
Minimum time will be considered.
47. (a) The velocity-time graph formation with uniform 54. (a) Effective acceleration is g + a = 9.8 + 2.2 = 12 m/s2
acceleration (constant acceleration) is a straight line 1
inclined to time axis. The above graph is for motion in As we know, = s ut + a eff t 2 , at the time of free fall
2
positive direction as velocity is positive throughout the
time interval and is also increasing, so the acceleration is 2s 2 × 3.8 3.8
u = 0, then
= t = = = 0.633
positive. For positive acceleration, the slope of the graph g+a 12 6
must be positive.
t = 0.132 sec
55. (a) Total length of distance that has to be crosses = 60 + 80 = 140 m
Relative speed = 10 + 25 = 35 m/s

140 20  Displacement 
=
Time = = 4 seconds =
 Time 
48. (b) For object moving in positive direction, the velocity must 35 5  Velocity 
be positive.
56. (a) Let the speed of each train be x
For negative acceleration,the velocity must be decreasing
Relative velocities of trains are
with time or the slope of the straight line must be negative.
Train 1, Vr = x – u (wind is along the direction of track)
49. (d) For negative direction, the velocity must be negative
throughout the journey. Train 2, Vr = x + u (Wind is in opposite direction)
According to the question
x−u 1
= ⇒ 2x − 2u = x + u ⇒ x = 3u
x+u 2

57. (b) Motion of first ball u = 0 , a = g , t = 3 sec.

For negative acceleration,the velocity must be decreasing
We are consider that the s1 is the distance covered by the
and hence the slope of the straight line representing the
motion must be negative. first ball in 4 seconds.
1
50. (c) For the graph shown, area under the v-t curve represents s=
1 ut + gt 2
2
area of the rectangle of height μ and base T.
⸪ Area under the v-t curve 1
0 + × 10 × ( 4 ) =
2
80 m
= Displacement during t = 0 and t = T 2

= μ × T = μT Let s2 be the distance covered by the second ball in

2 seconds.
VA tan θ1
51. (a) As we know that, = 1
s 2 = 0 + × 10 × ( 3) = 45 m
2
VB tan θ2
2
V tan 300 1 1 Separation between the two balls
∴ A= = =
VB tan 450 3 ×1 3 S1 – S2 = 80 m – 45 m = 35 m
18 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 Learning Plus
1. (d) Displacement is the distance between the initial and final 2
u
position of the body or object which may be equal or less From v2 – u2 = 2as   − u = 2×a × 4
2

than the total distance covered by the body. So the ratio of  

2
distance to displacement may be equal or more than one. u2 −3u 2 −3u 2
− u2 = 2 × a × 4 = 8× a ⇒ a =
Distance 4 4 32
≥1
Displacement Bullet will further penetrate after penetrate 4 cm.
Case II:
2. (d) Horizontal distance covered by the wheel in half revolution
= πR = 3π u
Initial velocity = Final velocity = 0
2
2
u −3u 2
From v2 – u2 = 2as 02 −   = 2× ×s
2 32
−u 2 −3u 2 4
= × s ⇒ s = = 1.33 cm
4 16 3
Net displacement of the point which was initially in
contact with ground. 6. (c) If t is the total time of flight of ball in going up and coming
back, then total displacement in time t is zero because ball
R =AA ' = ( πR ) + ( 2R )
2 2
comes back in hand of juggler.
When ball is going at the highest point then V = 0
( 3π ) + ( 2 × 3) =
2 2
= 9π2 + 36 = 3 π2 + 4
V2 – u2 = 2as 0 – u2 = 2 × –g × 40 –u2 = –80 × 10
3. (a) x= 3t + 5 u = 800 u= 2 2 × 10= 20 2
Squaring both side Displacement of the ball is zero.
1
( x=
) So, S = ut + ( −g ) t 2
2
( 3t + 5)
2
x = 9t2 + 25 + 30t
2
Differentiate both side (g is negative because acts in opposite direction)
1
dx d ( 9t + 30t + 25 )
2 =0 20 2t − × 10t 2 20 2t = 5t 2
= V = 18t + 30 2
dt dt
20 2 4 2=t
Velocity will increase with time. =t
5
4. (c) Let R be the radius of the circle
Displacement of particle = r ∴ Time interval of each ball

4 2
= =
2 1.414 sec.
4
O R A 7. (a) According to relation = v2 – u2 = 2as
(100)2 – (10)2 = 2as
R r 10000 – 100 = 2as 9900 = 2as
B Now acceleration just reversed = a = –a
displacement Particle comes back to original position v = ?
Average velocity =
time v2 – u2 = 2as (v)2 – (100)2 = 2 (–a) s
πR v2 = 10000 – 2as v2 = 10000 – 2as
=
Time = ( v velocity ) r= R2 + R2 = 2R
2v Put 2as = 9900 =
v2 = 100 ⇒ v =
100 10 m/s
2R 2 2v
=
Average velocity = 1
πR π 8. (b) According to the relation h= ut + gt 2
2v 2
1 2
= h = gt ( u 0)
5. (d) Case I: Let the initial velocity of the bullet = u 2
u t a
After penetrating its final velocity = h ∝ t2 ∴ t ∝ h Hence, a =
2 tb b

Motion in a Straight Line 19

 1 2 1 15. (c) Here, we observe that the object is
9. (a) When stone is dropped S = gt 180 = × 10 × t 2 moving in positive direction till time
2 2
t = 6 seconds t = 0 to t = t1 and at t = t1 we find that
Second ball is taking 3 second to reach the river the velocity become negative i.e.,
1 the object changes its direction at
180 = u × 3 + × 10 × 9 ⇒ 180 = u × 3 + 5 × 9 t = t1 and continues in negative direction hence forth. For
2
acceleration we can observe that throughtout the journey
180 − 45
=u = 45 m/s the slope of the v-t curve is negative and hence,
3
acceleration is negative. Thus, the area under the v-t curve
10. (a) As we know that v2 = u2 – 2gs (for upward motion g = –g) gives displacement.
V = 0 at maximum height
16. (a) Velocity = area under acceleration time graph
–u2 = –2gs u2 ∝ s
Velocity = (5 × 1) – (5 × 1) + (5 × 1)
V0 2 h
2
= ⇒ V= 3V0 Velocity = 5 – 5 + 5 = 5 m/s
V 3h
17. (c) Relative velocity of 1st­train w.r.t 2nd = 50 – 30 = 20 m/s
11. (c) v2 u2
= – 2gs ⇒ 0 = – 2gs u2
Total distance = 130 + 200 = 330
u2 = 2gs ⇒ u2 ∝ S
330
Motion under gravity is independent of mass = = 16.5seconds
Time taken
20
u2 50
= h = 16 × 50 ⇒ h = 800 m 18. (b) According to the given equation
16u 2 h
12. (a) Case I : Ascending First case: Separation between the trucks decreases at the
u = u, V = 0, g = –g, t = t1 rate of 10 m/s. Due to the opposite relative motion of trucks
V = u + gt 0 = u –gt1 u = gt1 towards each other-
u V1 + V2 = 10 (condition given)......(1)
t1 =
g Second case: Separation between the trucks increases due to
the opposite relative motion of trucks away from each other-
Case II : Descending
V1 – V2 = 5......(2) (condition given)
Similarly
From equation (1) and (2), we get
v = u , u = 0 , g = g , t = t2
u V1 + V2 = 10
V = u + gt u = 0 + gt2 t2 =
g V1 – V2 = 5
Total time of journey
u u 2u g ( t1 + t 2 ) 2V1 = 15
t1 + t 2 = + t1 + t 2 = ⇒ u=
g g g 2
V1 = 7.5 m/s
dv d (150 − 10x )
1/2
dx By putting the value of V1 in equation (1)
13. (d) v = (150 – =
⇒ 10x)1/2 ×
dt dt dx 7.5 + V2 = 10 V2 = 2.5 m/s
dv d (150 − 10x ) d (150 − 10x )
1/2 1/2
dx 19. (d) Let the velocity of the scooter is VS
= =
× ⇒a v
dt dx dt dx Distance between the bus and scooter is 1 km
1 Velocity of bus = 10 m/s
a =× (150 − 10x ) ( −10 ) × (150 − 10x ) ⇒ a = –5 m/s2
−1/2 1/2

2 Relative velocity of scooter w.r.t the bus = VS – 10

1000
14. (d) I. The instantaneous speed is always positive as it is the Time taken to overtake, t =
VS − 10
magnitude of the velocity at an instant.
1000
II. For t = 0s to t = 5s, the motion is uniform. So, the 50 = 50 VS – 500 = 1000
VS − 10
average velocity and the instantaneous velocity are equal.
III. During t = 0s to t = 5s. The slope of the graph is =
50VS 1500 ⇒ Vs = 30 m/s
positive, hence the average velocity and the velocity both 20. (a) Relative velocity of combustion product of rocket w.r.t the
are positive. During t = 5s to t = 10s. The slope of the motion of rocket
graph is negative, hence the velocity is negative.  
Vc = +1200 m / s Vr =−200 m / s
Since, there is change in sign of velocity at t = 5s the car
changes its direction at that instant. Velocity of vapours is VV
IV. In figure, instantaneous speed during t = 5s to t = 10s is     
negative at all time instants during the interval.
V=c VV − Vr( ) 1200= Vv − ( −200 ) Vv = 1000 m / s

20 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI

 1 28. (b, c, d)
21. (d) P = mV, K = mV 2 In this problem, we have to keep in mind the frame of the
2 observer. Here we must be clear that we are considering
F = Mgh, All are mass dependent. So they would be the motion from the ground. Compared to velocity of
different. But g = 9.8 m/s2, which is constant on earth trains (10 m/s) speed of ball is less (1 m/s).
surface. The speed of the ball before collision with side of train is
22. (d) Speed of child w.r.t. belt = 9 km/hr 10 + 1 = 11 m/s.
Speed after collision with side of train = 10 –1 = 9 m/s.
Speed of belt = 4 km/hr
As speed is changing after traveling 10 m and speed is 1
From ground frame m/s hence, time duration of the changing speed is 10.
Speed = ( 9 + 4) = 13 km/hr Since, the collision of the ball is perfectly elastic. There
is no dissipation of energy hence, total momentum and
23. (b) VA = VB. Since, the motion is uniform. The velocity at kinetic energy are conserved.
each point is same so this velocity of A after coming back Since, the train is moving with constant velocity hence, it
is also VA, just the direction is reversed. Thus VA = VB. will act as inertial frame of reference as that of Earth and
acceleration will be same in both frames.
24. (b) VRel = ‘0’ as lines are parallel.
We should not confuse with non-inertial and inertial frame
25. (d) Since u = 0 and we know that of reference. A frame of reference that is not accelerating
will be inertial.
αβ
a= 29. (a,d) Given, x = t – sin t
α+β
 αβ  Velocity ν = dx = d [t − sin t ] = 1 − cos t.
⇒ V =u + at = ×t
α+β dt dt
As acceleration, a > 0 for all t > 0
26. (a) Here, a = g – bv
Hence, x(t) > 0 for all t > 0
When an object falls with constant speed vc, its acceleration Velocity v = 1 – cos t
becomes zero. When, cos t = 1, velocity v = 0
g Vmax = 1 – (cos t)min = 1 – (– 1) = 2
∴ g −= bv c 0 or= vc
b Vmin = 1 – (cos t)max = 1 –1 = 0
27.=
(c) v 2 kr
= or v kr Hence, v lies between 0 and 2.
dx
dv 1 dr 1 −1/2 Acceleration a = = − sin t
= k r −1/2
= k r .v dt
dt 2 dt 2 When t = 0; x = 0, x = + 1, a = 0
1 k 0 π
= k r −1/2 . kr1/2
= r When t = ; x = 1, v = 0, a = – 1
2 2 2
k 0 k When t = π; x = 0, x = – 1, a = 1
Velocity after 1 sec = 0 + r ×1 = r0
2 2 When t = 2 π; x = 0: x = 0, a = 0

Multiconcept MCQs
1. (a) Point P is located on X-axis and to the right of origin ‘O’ at
a distance of 360 m. Its position coordinate is P ≡ (+ 360, =
50 − − 200(
= = 2121.2 m / s 2
)
7.07 + 14.114
0, 0). ‘R’ is located to the left of origin ‘O’ at a distance of 0.01 0.01
120 m, so its coordinate is R ≡ (– 120, 0, 0).
a 10
Distance from O to P = Path length OP = 360 m 3. (c) S = u − ( 2n − 1) 3= 50 − ( 2n − 1)
2 2
path length from O to P and back to Q
 20n 
= OP + PQ ⇒ 360 + 120 = 480 m 3= 50 −  − 5 ⇒ 3 = 50 – 10n + 5
 2 
2. (b) Velocity when ball strikes the ground V = 2gh1 ⇒ 10n = 52 ⇒ n = 5.2
10
V = 2 × 10 × 10 = 200 S = 200 − ( 2 × 5.2 − 1) ⇒ 200 – 47 = 153
2
Velocity of ball after rebound V = 2gh 2 4. (a) u = –30 m/s , t = 8 seconds
V = 2 × 10 × 2.5 = 50 1 1
h= ut + gt 2 h =−30 × 8 + × 10 × 64
Change in velocity / time 2 2
= –240 + 64 × 5 ⇒ h = 80 m
Motion in a Straight Line 21
 5. (c) 9. (c) Distance traveled in T/3 seconds
2
1 T  T2
v S= × g ×  ,S = g
2 3 9× 2
I II III
t
2h 1 2h h
1 Now T = S= × ×g =
For I → S= ut + at12 u=O g 18 g 9
2
1 ∴ V0 =2 Sf [2aS = V2 – u2], h 8h
∴ S =at12 Distance from ground = h − =
2 9 9
During II S2 = 2 S 10. (a) Let the time taken for one third distance be t1, then
For II d
t1 = , where d is the total length of the journey.
V0 t 2 Sf t 3V0
15 S – 3S ⇒ 12 S = V0 t ⇒ S = ⇒ S =
12 12 Let the time taken for next 2d/3 distance be t2,
f t 2d V1t2 V2t2 (V1 + V2 ) t2
2
2 Sft 2
⇒ S2 = ⇒ S = = + =
144 72 3 2 2 2
f 0t 4d
6. (d) =
f f0 − t2 = . Thus, the total time taken for the journey
T 3 (V1 + V2 )
1 2 S 1
For t = 0 ⇒ f = f0 S= f 0t V= = f 0t
2 t 2 d 4d d (V1 + V2 + 12V0 )
7. (a) Total time taken by bird is + =
3V0 3 (V1 + V2 ) 3V0 (V1 + V2 )

D 36 36 Total distance
t
⇒ = = = hr Thus the average velocity =
V ( 27 + 18 ) 45 Total time
d 3V0 (V1 + V2 )
Distance travelled by bird =V =
d (V1 + V2 + 12V0 ) (V1 + V2 + 12V0 )
3V0 (V1 + V2 )
36 1296
S = V t S =36 × = = 28.8 km
45 45 11. (c) Just to avoid collision, the speed of bike A should be equal
or lesser than B, i.e., uA ≤ uB.
8. (a) Distance traveled by stone in n time
Now initial relative velocity of bike A with respect to B
1
u=O t=n ∴ S = gn 2 = uA –uB
2
And final relative velocity of A with respect to B ≤ zero.
Equating the distance traveled by both stones when one
stone is overtaking the other. Also the relative acceleration of A
w.r.t. B = – a – 0 =–a
1 2 1 2 1
ut + gt = gn + gnt + gt 2 Then, using u2 + 2as = v2 (uA – uB)2 – 2α s ≤ 0
2 2 2
1 2 1 / 2 gn 2
... ( i ) (uA − uB )
2
t ( u − gn ) = gn t= or (uA – uB)2 ≤ 2α s or s ≥
2 u − gn
2α
t – time at which second stone is thrown down 12. (b) At t = 0 the first body starts moving with constant
∴ Distance traveled S = ut + ½ gt2 by second stone acceleration while the second body is already moving with
 1  certain constant speed. So the distance covered by the first
S t u + t 
= 1 2
g  S= gn + gnt + 1/2gt 2 body x1 is smaller that covered by the second body x2 i.e.,
 2
2
x1 < x2 or x1 – x2 = negative till the first body attains the
g 2 g
[ n + t ] = g  n + 1 / 2 gn 
2
=  n + 2nt + t 2  =
2 speed equal to that of second body. At that instant x1 = x2
2 2 2 u − gn  or x1 – x2 =0 and after that x1 > x2 i.e. x1 – x2 = positive
2 and goes on increasing with increasing t.
 gn 2 
nu − gn 2 +  
g 2 
13. (b) a . v < 0 (condition of retardation)
=  
2 4 − gn  a = 2t – 1; v = t2 –t
 
av < 0
2 2
 gn 
2
  n  (2t – 1) (t2–t) <0 – + – +
nu − n u − g 
g 
2
 g   2 (2t – 1) t (t–1) <0
0 1 1
=S =    
2  ( u − gn )  2  ( u − gn )  1 2
    < t <1
2
22 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
14. (d) Let u be initial velocity and a be the uniform acceleration 16. (a) According to the equation
Average velocities in the intervals from-
1
0 to t1 , t1 to t2 , t2 to t3 are h= ut + gt 2
2
u + u + at1 at
V1= = u + 1 ......(1) 1 2
2 2 h= gt ......(1)
2

u + at1 + u + a ( t1 + t 2 ) a 1
( h − 20 ) =+ g ( t − 1)
2
V2 = =u + at1 + t 2  ......(2) 0
2 2 2

1
u + a ( t1 + t 2 + t 3 ) + u + a ( t1 + t 2 ) ( h − 20 ) = g(t − 1) 2  .......(2)
V3 = 2
2
u = 0 in both case because stone s dropped from rest.
a
V3 =u + at1 + at 2 + t 3 .....(3) From the equation (1) and (2) we get
2
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get 1 2 1
( h − 20 )= g ( t − 1)
2
h= gt
2 2
a  a 
V2 − V1 =u + at1 + t 2 −  u + t1 
2  2  1 2 1
h − ( h − 20=
) gt − g ( t − 1)
2

2 2
a a
= u + at1 + t 2 − u − t1
2 2 1 2 1 2 1
h − h + 20
= gt − gt − g + gt
2 2 2
a a a
V2 − V1 = t1 + t 2 ⇒ ( t1 + t 2 ) ......(4) g
2 2 2 ⇒ 20= gt −
2
Similarly (2) from (3), we get
⇒ gt = 25 (⸪ g = 10 m/s2)
a a a
( V3 − V2 ) = t 2 + t3 ⇒ ( t 2 + t3 )  ......(5) ⇒ t = 2.5 second
2 2 2
1
Divide (4) by (5) we get h = × 10 × (2.5) 2
2
a = 31.25 m
V2 − V1 2 ( 1 2 )
t +t
= =
( t1 + t 2 )  
ν 2 − ν1 Change in velocity
V3 − V2 a t + t
( 2 3) ( t 2 + t3 ) 17. (c) Average Acceleration
= =
∆t Change in time
2

15. (a) Given relation is t = αx2 + βx When ball falls from height h1 we get,

Differentiating w.r.t x v=
2
1 u12 + 2gh1

dt d ( αx + βx ) ......(1) (u = 0 under free fall)

2
v1 = 2gh1
=
dx dx
Similarly, when ball falls from height h2 after striking the
1 1 floor
= 2α x + β ⇒ v =
v 2αx + β But g = –g because after striking ball goes upward against
the gravity.
dv
Acceleration is a = (multiplying and divide by dx)
dt v 22 = u 22 + 2(−g)h 2
dv dx dv dx
a= × ⇒ . (After contact v2 = 0 at rest highest point, u2 = v2)
dt dx dx dt
=
0 v 22 − 2gh 2
dv − v.2α
a =v. ⇒a= =−2α.v.v 2 ⇒ a = –2αv3
( )
2
dx 2α x + β v 22 = 2gh ⇒ v 2 = 2gh 2 .....(2)

Motion in a Straight Line 23

 v 2 − v1 11.79 × 100 1179
Average acceleration = =
Average acceleration =
∆t 2 2
v 2 + v1 aav = 589.5 m/s2
= (v1 = –ve)
∆t
18. (b) Given condition is x = 20 + 14t – t3
2gh 2 + 2gh1 Differentiating both side
Average acceleration =
∆t
dx d ( 20 + 14t − t )
3

=
2 × 10 × 2 + 2 × 10 × 1.5 dt dt
=
0.020 V = 0 + 14 – 3t2 ⇒ 0 = 0 + 14 – 3t2 (body comes to rest)

40 + 30 6.32 + 5.47 –14 = –3t2

=
Average acceleration =
0.020 0.020  14 
1/2

= t ⇒ t = ( 4.66 ) ≈ ( 5)
1/2 1/2
 
 3

NEET Past 10 Years Questions

1. (b) Between t = 0 to t = 1 s 4. (b) Xp(t) = at + bt2 XQ(t) = ft – t2
v = u + at ⇒ 6 = 0 + a × 1
Vp = a + 2bt VQ = f – 2t
a = 6 m/s2
Total distance as Vp = VQ
Average speed =
Total time
a + 2bt = f – 2t
3X
= = X m/s
3 f −a
⇒t=
1 2 (1 + b )
where X = 0 + × 6 × (1) = 3m
2

2
5. (c) v = At + Bt2
∴ Average speed = 3m/s

Total displacement dx
Average velocity = = At + Bt 2
Total time dt
x 2
X 3 ∫ dx
= ∫ ( At + Bt )dt
2
= = = 1 m/s
3 3 0 1

A B 3A 7B
x = ( 22 − 12 ) + ( 23 − 13 ) = +
2. (b) V1 = Preeti’s velocity 2 3 2 3
V2 = Escalator’s velocity
distance  6. (a) v = βx −2 n
=t = ⇒t
speed V1 + V2 dv
So , = −2nβx −2 n −1
dx
 t1t 2 dv
= =
  Now a =v =( βx −2 n )( −2nβx −2 n −1 )
+ t 2 + t1 dx
t1 t 2 ⇒a= −2nβ2 x −4 n −1

3. (b) x = 5t – 2t2 y = 10t 1 2

7. (c) AB = h1 = g (5) ⇒ h1 = 125 m (⸪ µ = 0)
2
dx dy
v= =
5 − 4t v= =
10 1
dt dt h 2 = BC = g [102 - 52 ] ⇒ h2 = 375 m
2
dv
ax = = −4 ms −2 ay = 0 1
dt h 3 = CD = g éêë152 -102 ùúû
2
a = –4m/s2
24 Full Course Study Material NEET-XI
 h3 = 625 m dx
8. (d) v = =0 + 12 − 3t 2 =0
h1 : h2 : h3 dt
125 : 375 : 625 = 1 : 3 : 5
⇒t=2s
h h
⇒ h1 = 2 = 3
3 5 At t = 2 s

Retardation

dv
=− =− ( −6t ) =12 ms −2
dt

Motion in a Straight Line 25