COMPETENCY – BASED TEST ITEMS

CLASS: XII
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
NAME OF CHAPTER: PROBABILITY
NAME OF TEACHER: GOPAL SINGH RAWAT
DESIGNATION: PGT MATHEMATICS
NAME OF VIDYALAYA: KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NFR MALIGAON
NAME OF REGION: GUWAHATI REGION
Q. QUESTION MARK
NO
1 3
Probability that Raman speaks truth is 5. A die is rolled. Raman 1
reports that an even number appears. The probability that
there is an even number.

3 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
5 5 5
2 Ramesh is playing with a dice, and he supposed that event A 1
is getting a number greater than 6 and event B is getting a
odd prime number. Further he finds that 𝑃(𝐴) =
1 𝐵
0 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 3 , then 𝑃 (𝐴) 𝑖𝑠

(a) 0
1
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) not defined

3 A rocket has 8 engines out of which 3 are not 1

working. If the two engines are selected
without replacement and tested, the probability
that both are not working.

(a) 33/56 (b) 9/64 (c) 1/14 (d)

3/28

4 In a boy’s college, 30% students play 1

Cricket, 25% play Football and 10%
students play both Cricket and Football.
One student is selected at random.
The probability that he likes Cricket if he
 also like Football is

(a) 1/10 (b) 2/5 (c) 9/20 (d) 1/3

5 Archaeological Survey of India has found coins at one of 1

the sites of Indus Valley civilization. While studying these
coins for historical evidence faces of the one of coin is
labelled as head and tail. These coins are flipped in the air
and result is noted. If events A and B are defined as A= two
heads come, B= last should be head. Then, A and B are

(a) Independent (b) Not independent

(c) mutually exclusive (d) none of these

6 A box contains 6 pens and 10 pencils. Half of the 1

pens and half of the pencils are of blue colour. If one of
the items is chosen at random, the probability that it is of
blue colour or is a pen is

(a) 3/16 (b) 5/16 (c) 11/16 (d) 14/16

7 Suppose that two cards are drawn at random from a deck 1

of cards. Let X be the number of kings obtained. Then
the expected value of E is

(a) 37/221 (b) 5/13 (c) 1/13 (d) 2/13

8 A bag contains 10 good and 6 bad mangoes. One of the mangoes is selected. 1
The probability that it is either good or bad

64
(a) 64
49
(b) 64
40
(c) 64
24
(d) 64
9 𝐵 1
A: f 𝐴 and 𝐵 two events, then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 (𝐴).

R: Two events are said to be exhaustive if probability of the one of the events is
zero.

(a) A is true, R is true and R is correct explanation for A.

(b) A is true, R is true and R is not correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true and R is false
(d) A is false and R is true.

10 A: The probability of getting either a king or an ace from a pack of 52 playing 1

2
cards is 13.

R: For any two events 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

(a) A is true, R is true and R is correct explanation for A.

(b) A is true, R is true and R is not correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true and R is false
(d) A is false and R is true.

11 A box contains 12 black and 24 white balls. Two balls are drawn from the box 2
one after the other without replacement. What is the probability that both drawn
balls are black?

12 Two cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of 52 well 2
shuffled cards. What is the probability that first card is king, and the second
card drawn is an ace?

13 Bag one contains 3 red and 4 black balls second another Bag II contains 5 red 2
and 6 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is
found to be red. Find the probability that it was drawn from second Bag.
14 A group consists of an equal number of girls and boys. Out of this group 20% 2
of boys and 30% of the girls are unemployed. If a person is selected at random
from this group, then find the probability of the selected person being
employed.

15 Abraham speaks truth in 80% cases and Bhavesh speaks truth in 90% cases. In 2
What percentage of cases are they likely to agree with each other in stating the
same fact?

16 A bag contains (2𝑛 + 1) coins. It is known 3

that (𝑛 − 1) of these coins have a head on both
sides, whereas the rest of the coins are fair. A coin is
picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If the
31
probability that the toss results in a head is 42,
determine the value of 𝑛.

17 1
The probability that Abraham hits the target is and the probability that 3
3
2
Bhavesh hits it, is 5. If both try to hit the target independently, find the
probability that target is hit.

18 An electric shop has two types of LED bulbs of equal quantity. The probability 3
of an LED bulb lasting more than 6 months given that it is of type 1 is 0.7 and
is given that it is of type 2 is 0.4. Then find the probability that on LED bulb
chosen uniformly at random lasts more than 6 months.
19 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: 4

The reliability of a COVID PCR test is specified as follows:

Of people having COVID, 90% of the test detects the disease but 10% goes
undetected. Of people free of COVID, 99% of the test is judged COVID
negative but 1% are diagnosed as showing COVID positive. From a large
population of which only 0.1% have COVID, one person is selected at
random, given the COVID PCR test, and the pathologists reports him/her as
COVID positive.
(a) What is the probability of the ‘person to be tested as COVID positive’ given
that ‘he is actually having COVID’?
(b) What is the probability of the ‘person to be tested as COVID positive’ given
that ‘he is actually not having COVID’?
(c) What is the probability that the person is actually not having COVID’?
20 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: 4

There are two antiaircraft guns, named A and B. The probabilities that the shell
fired from them hitting an airplane are 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Both of them
fired one shell at an airplane at the same time.
(a) What is the probability that the shells fired from, exactly one of them hit the
plane?
(b) If it is known that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane,
then what is the probability that it was fired from B?

21 Ramesh is going to play a game of chess against one of four opponents in an 5

inter school sports competition. Each opponent is equally likely to be paired
against him. The table below shows the chances of Ramesh losing, where
paired against each opponent.
Opponent Chance of losing
 Opponent 1 12%
Opponent 2 60%
Opponent 3 𝑥%
Opponent4 84%
1
If the probability that Ramesh loses the game that day is 2, find the probability
for Ramesh to be losing when paired against opponent 3.
22 In a factory, machine A produces 30% of total output, machine B produces 5
25% and the machine C produces the remaining output. The defective items
produced by machines A, B and C are 1%, 1.2%, 2% respectively. An item is
picked at random from a day’s output and found to be defective. Find the
probability that it was produced by machine B?

ANSWERS:
Q. NO ANSWER
1 (a)
2 (d)
3 (d)
4 (b)
5 (b)
6 (c)
7 (d)
8 (a)
9 (c)
10 (a)
11 Let 𝐸 and 𝐹 denote respectively the events that first and second ball drawn are
black. We have to find 𝑃(𝐸𝐹).
12
Now 𝑃(𝐸) = 36
and
11
𝑃(𝐹|𝐸) =
35
By multiplication rule of probability, we have
𝐹
𝑃 (𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃 (𝐸) 𝑃 ( )
𝐸
12 11
= ×
36 35
11
=
105

12 Let K denote the event that the card drawn is king and A be the event that the
card drawn is an ace. Clearly, we have to find P (KA)
4
Now 𝑃(𝐾) = 52
and
4
𝑃(𝐴|𝐾) =
51
By multiplication rule of probability, we have
𝐴
𝑃 (𝐾𝐴) = 𝑃 (𝐾) 𝑃 ( )
𝐾
4 4
= ×
52 51
4
=
663

13 Let 𝐸1 be the event of choosing the first bag I, 𝐸2 the event of choosing the
second bag and 𝐴 be the event of drawing a red ball.
1
Then 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 2

𝐴 3 𝐴 5
Note that 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 7 and 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 11
1 2

𝐸
Now the required probability is 𝑃 ( 𝐴2 ). By using Bayes’ theorem, we have
By using Bayes' theorem, we have
𝐴
𝐸2 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐸 )
2
𝑃( ) =
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐸 )
1 2
 1 5
= 2 × 11
1 3 1 5
2 × 7 + 2 × 11
35
=
58

14 1
𝑃(girls) =
2
1
𝑃(boys) =
2
unemployed 20 2
𝑃( )= =
boys 100 10
unemployed 30 3
𝑃( )= =
girls 100 10
unemployed unemployed
𝑃(unemployed) = 𝑃(boys)𝑃 ( boys ) + 𝑃(girls) 𝑃 ( girls )
1 2 1 3 5 1
= × + × = =
2 10 2 10 20 4
Therefore
1 3
𝑃(𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑑) = 1 − =
4 4
15 80 4 90 9
𝑃(𝐴) = = , 𝑃(𝐵) = =
100 5 100 10

𝑃(agree)= 𝑃(both speaking truth or both speaking lie)

= 𝑃(𝐴𝐵 𝑜𝑟 𝐴̅𝐵̅ )
4 9 1 1
= × + ×
5 10 5 10
37 74
= = = 74%
50 100
16 No of coins with head on both sides = (𝑛 − 1)
No of fair coins = (𝑛 + 2)
Let 𝐸1 = picking a coin with head on both sides and 𝐸2 =Picking a fair coin.
𝐴 =Getting a head on tossing the coin
Now by total probability theorem
𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 ( )
𝐸1 𝐸2
𝑛−1 (𝑛 + 2) 1 3𝑛
= ×1+ × =
2𝑛 + 1 2𝑛 + 1 2 2(2𝑛 + 1)
ATQ
3𝑛 31
= ⇒ 𝑛 = 31
2(2𝑛 + 1) 42
17 1
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(A hits target)= 3
2
𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(B hits target)=
5
Now, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
1 2 1 1 3
= + − × =
3 5 3 5 5
18 1
𝑃(𝐿ED of type 1) = = 0.5
2
1
𝑃(LED of type 2) = = 0.5
2
Also note that
LED lasting more than 6 months 𝐴
𝑃( ) = 𝑃 ( ) = 0.7
LED of type 1 𝑇1
LED lasting more than 6 months 𝐴
𝑃( ) = 𝑃 ( ) = 0.4
LED of type 2 𝑇2
𝐻 𝐻
𝑃(𝐻) = 𝑃(𝑇1 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝑇2 )𝑃 ( )
𝑇1 𝑇2
= 0.5 × 0.7 + 0.5 × 0.4
= 0.35 + 0.22
= 0.55
19 E= person selected has COVID
F=person selected hasn’t COVID
G= test is judged COVID positive
𝐺 90
(a) 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100 = 0.9
𝐺 1
(b) 𝑃 (𝐹 ) = 100 = 0.01
(c) Required probability = 1−0.001 = 0.999
20 𝐸 = Gun A hits the plane, 𝐹 = Gun B hits the plane
𝑃(𝐸) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐹) = 0.2
(a) Let G be the event that exactly one of two shells fired from guns A and B hits
the plane. Then,
𝑃(𝐺) = 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) − 2𝑃(𝐸𝐹)
= 0.3 + 0.2 − 2 × 0.3 × 0.2 = 0.38
𝐹 𝑃𝐹∩𝐺) 𝑃(𝐹∩𝐸̅ ) 𝑃(𝐹)𝑃(𝐸̅ ) 0.2×0.7 7
(b) Required Probability= 𝑃 (𝐺 ) = = = = = 19
𝑃(𝐺) 𝑃(𝐺) 𝑃(𝐺) 0.38
21 Note that
1
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 𝑃(𝐸4 ) =
4
1
Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 2

𝐴 12
𝑃( ) = 12% =
𝐸1 100
𝐴 60
𝑃 ( ) = 60% =
𝐸2 100
𝐴 𝑥
𝑃 ( ) = 𝑥% =
𝐸3 100
𝐴 84
𝑃 ( ) = 84% =
𝐸4 100

Using total probability theorem, we have

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐸4 )𝑃 ( )
𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3 𝐸4
1 1 12 1 60 1 𝑥 1 84
⇒ = × + × + × + ×
2 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100
⇒ 𝑥 = 44
 𝐴
𝑃( ) = 44%
𝐸3

22 Consider the following events

𝐸1 = item picked is produced by machine A
𝐸2 = item picked is produced by machine B
𝐸3 = item picked is produced by machine C
𝐴 = producing a defective output
Given,
30
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 30% = = 0.3
100
25
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 25% = = 0.25
100
45
𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 45% = = 0.45
100
And
𝐴 1
𝑃 ( ) = 1% = = 0.01
𝐸1 100
𝐴 1.2
𝑃 ( ) = 1.2% = = 0.12
𝐸2 100
𝐴 2
𝑃 ( ) = 2% = = 0.02
𝐸3 100

𝐸
Required Probability is 𝑃 ( 𝐴2 )
𝐴
𝐸2 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 (𝐸 )
2
𝑃 ( )=
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2 3
0.25 × 0.012 300
= =
0.3 × 0.01 + 0.25 × 0.012 + 0.45 × 0.02 1500
1
=
5