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12th - Maths

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1 Evaluate P(A ∪ B), if 2P(A) = P(B) = 13 3 and P(A|B) = 25
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2 Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture E : son on one end, F : father in middle

3 Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the
conditional probability that both are girls given that at least one is a girl?

4 An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200 difficult True / False
questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions. If a question is
selected at random from the question bank, what is the probability that it will be an easy question given
that it is a multiple choice question?

5 Given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = 12 , P(A ∪ B) = 35 and P(B) = p. Find p if they are
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mutually exclusive.

6 Given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = 12 , P(A ∪ B) = 35 and P(B) = p. Find p if they are
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Independent.

7 If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 14 , P (B) = 12 and P(A ∩ B) = 18 , find P (not A and not B)
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8 Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 12 and 13 respectively. If both try to
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solve the problem independently, find the probability that the problem is solved.

9 In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20% read both
Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random. If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the
probability that she reads English newspaper

10 In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let 34 ​

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be the probability that he knows the answer and 4 be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a
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student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 14 . What is the probability that the
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student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?

11 A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact, present.
However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if a healthy
person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If 0.1 percent of the
population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has the disease given that his
test result is positive ?

12 An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The
probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with
an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver

13 A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of the items of
output and machine B produced 40% of the items. Further, 2% of the items produced by machine A and
1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one stockpile and then one item is
chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was produced by
machine B?

14 A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn and are
found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of the lost card being a diamond

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From the above image, A random variable X has the probability distribution: Determine k.

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From the above imgae, Determine the value of k.

17 In a meeting, 70% of the members favour and 30% oppose a certain proposal. A member is selected at
random and we take X = 0 if he opposed, and X = 1 if he is in favour. Find Var (X).

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18

From the above imgae, Coloured balls are distributed in four boxes as shown in the above table: A box is
selected at random and then a ball is randomly drawn from the selected box. The colour of the ball is
black, what is the probability that ball drawn is from the box III?

19 If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If it is incorrectly set up, it produces
only 40% acceptable items. Past experience shows that 80% of the set ups are correctly done. If after a
certain set up, the machine produces 2 acceptable items, find the probability that the machine is
correctly setup.

20 Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is transferred
from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find
the probability that the transferred ball is black.

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