Design of Slab:

Design Calculation:

Required design Data:

fck 25 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
Dia of bar, φ 10 mm
Provided over all depth(D) 150 mm
Nominal cover 20 mm
Clear long span (Ly) 5500 mm
Clear short span (Lx) 3500 mm
Effective depth (dy) 115 mm
Effective depth (dX) 125 mm
Effective Long span, ly 5615 mm
Effective short span, lx 3625 mm
ly / lx 1.549
width of slab, b 1000 mm
Since ly / lx is less than 2, therefore it is a two way slab

From IS 456 : 2000 Table 26, bending moment coefficient for rectangular panel supported on four sid
The case is Case I, Interior panel,
By interpolation we get values of positve and negative bending moment coefficient at mid span and
αx(-) = 0.0545
αx(+) = 0.032
αy(-) = 0.0419
αy(+) = 0.024

Load calculation:
Live Load, LL 3 KN/m2
Floor finish, FF 1.375 KN/m2
Dead Load, DL 3.75 KN/m2
Total load, Pu 8.125 KN/m2
Factored load, Wu = 1.5 * Pu 12.1875 KN/m2

Calculation of Bending moment, From is 456:2000

Mx(-) = αx(-) * Wu * lx2 8.728 KN-m
Mx(+) = αx(+) * Wu * lx2 5.125 KN-m
My(-) = αy(-) * Wu * lx2 6.710 KN-m
My(+) = αy(+) * Wu * lx2 3.844 KN-m

Calculation of effective depth

Mu(max) = 0.138 * fck * b * d ^ 2
Effective depth,
d = ( Mu(max) / (.138 * fck *b)) ^ .5 = 50.298 mm
Calculation of Steel
Mux(max)(-ve) = 0.87 * fy * Ast (dx -(fy * Ast/(b * fck)))
i.e. Astx(-) = 198.631 mm2
Mux(max)(+ve) = 0.87 * fy * Ast (dx -(fy * Ast/(b * fck)))
i.e. Astx(+) = 115.323 mm2
Muy(max)(-ve) = 0.87 * fy * Ast (dx -(fy * Ast/(b * fck)))
i.e. Asty(-) = 151.735 mm2
Muy(max)(+ve) = 0.87 * fy * Ast (dx -(fy * Ast/(b * fck)))
i.e. Asty(+) = 86.160 mm2

Check for minimum steel

According to IS 456:2000 clause 26.5.2.1
Ast(min) = 0.12 * b * D / 100 180 mm2
Adopt Astx(-) = 235.619 mm2
Adopt Astx(+) = 235.619 mm2
Adopt Asty(-) = 235.619 mm2
Adopt Asty(+) = 235.619 mm2

Spacing of bars
Sy(-) = ((1000 * (π * Φ^2) / 4)/Asty(-)) = 333.333 mm
Sy(+) = ((1000 * (π * Φ^2) / 4)/Asty(+)) = 333.333 mm
Sx(-) = ((1000 * (π * Φ^2) / 4)/Astx(-)) = 333.333 mm
Sx(+) = ((1000 * (π * Φ^2) / 4)/Astx(+)) = 333.333 mm

Check for shear

Vu = (Wu*lx/2) = 22.090 KN
Nominal shear stress, Ԏv = Vu/(b * dx) = 0.177 N/mm2
Percentage of steel = 100Ast / bd = 0.188 %
From Is 456:2000 Table 19
For M25 mix and Pt=0.188% steel, Ԏc = 0.320 N/mm2

Shear strength in slab, Ԏ'c =

For D=150mm, K= 1.3 = 0.416 N/mm2
From IS 456:2000 clause 40.2.1.1 > Ԏv Hence ok

Check for deflection

Leff/d < αβγδλ
δ = 1 , no comp steel; λ = 1, no flange; β = 1; span < 10
And %steel, Pt = 100Ast/Bd
for Pt = and service stress of Mpa in Fe415 grade steel,
γ = 1.5
for continuous span, α = 26
d min = 89.744 < d provided i.e. ok

Check for development length

Moment of resistance offered by 10 mm bar @ 300mm c/c
M1 = 0.87 * fy * Ast * (deff - fy * Ast / (fck * b)) 10.301 KN-m
Anchorage value of bar bent for U hook
Lo = 60 + 16Φ
Development Length, Ld = 47Φ 470 mm
Ld <= 1.3M1/Vu + Lo
Solving for Φ, we get 10.575 mm
which is greater than 10mm provided. Hence safe.
gular panel supported on four side with provision for torsin at cornors, Clause D - 1.1 and 24.4.1

ment coefficient at mid span and edge,

per unit width

< 120 mm i.e ok

 Adopt spacing Sy (-) = 300 mm
Adopt spacing Sy (+) = 300 mm
Adopt spacing Sx (-) = 230 mm
Adopt spacing Sx (+) = 300 mm

100Ast / b Ԏc
0.15 0.29
0.25 0.37
>Ԏv. Hence safe

< d provided i.e. ok

Design of Beam
fy = 415 N/mm2
fck = 25 N/mm2
width of Beam,
Primary Beam along x - direction, Bx = 300 mm
Overall depth of beam
Depth of primary beam, Dx = 420 mm
Length of beam:
In x - direction, Lx = 5500 mm
In y - direction, Ly = 7000 mm

For Primary Beam along X - direction: start mid

maximum (-ve) moment: 223.52 15.7382
maximum (+ve) moment: 205.502 25.2251
Shear force (-ve) 89.985 77.266
Shear force (+ve) 69.502 77.573

Design For maximum -ve moment at start

Required effective depth for singly reinforcement beam
d = (Mu / (0.318 * fck * b))^0.5 = 464.716 > dxeff
Hence, doubly reinforced section is to be used.

Limiting value of N.A. as per IS 456:2000 Cl. 38.1 for fy = 415 n/mm2
xu,lim = 0.48 * deff 192 mm

Moment resisting capacity of singly reinforced section

Mu,lim = 0.36 * fck * b * xu,lim *(deff - 0.42*xu,lim) 165.556224 KN-m
As, Mu>Mu,lim a doubly reinforced section is designed.

Design of doubly reinforced section

Tension reinforcement (Ast = Ast1 + Ast2) and compression
reinforcement asc has to be designed.
Ast1 = Mu,lim/(0.87 * fy *(deff - 0.42 * xu,lim)) 1435.812214375 mm2

For Area of compression steel

fsc, SP - 16 = 345.3 N/mm2
fcc = 0.446 * fck 11.15 N/mm2
Asc = (Mu - Mu,lim)/((fsc - fcc)*(deff-d')) = 495.618 mm2
Provide 3 - 20mm Φ 942.478 mm2
% of compression reinforcement = Asc/(b*deff)*100 0.785 %

Now for Ast2

Ast2 = fsc * Asc/(0.87 * fy) 473.998 mm2
Therefore, Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 = 1909.810 mm2
Dia of re - bar = 20 mm2
No. of bars required =Ast / ast = 6.079
Use 7 - 20mm Φ
Ast, Provided = 2199.115 mm2

Check for maximum and miniimum reinforcement

As per IS 456:2000, Cl 26.5.1.1)
Maximum reinforcement
Ast, max = 0.04 * b * d = 4800 mm2
Ast, min = 0.85 * b * d/fy = 245.783 mm2
Hence, Ast,min < Ast provided < Ast, max

According to IS 13920 : 1993, cl 6.2.1

Tension steel ratio at any face > 0.24 * (fck)^0.5/fy 0.0029
Minimum tension reinforcement for a beam ρ, min > 0.0029
Maximum tension reinforcement for a beam ρ, max = 0.025
ρ, Provided = Ast, Provided/(b*d) = 0.018325957146
Therefore, ρmin<ρprovided<ρmax
satisfied by codal provision

Design for +ve moment at end support

According to IS 13920 : 1993 Cl 6.2.3
At support, the compression steel should be designed to resist +ve moment
Maximum +ve moment at support = 204.8584 KN-m
Area of steel required to resist compression moment
Ast = Mu/(0.87*fy*(deff-0.42*xu,lim)) = 1776.666 mm2
No. of bars required = Ast / ast = 5.655
Provide 7 - 20mm Φ
Ast, provided = 2199.115 mm2

Design for +ve moment at mid - spam

Design moment = 25.2251 KN-m
Ast = Mu/(0.87*fy*(deff-0.42*xu,lim)) = 218.769 mm2
No. of bars required = Ast / ast = 0.696
Provide 1 - 20mm Φ
Ast, provided = 314.159 mm2

Design for the maximum +ve moment at the start

Design moment = 205.502 KN-m
Ast, required =Mu/(0.87*fy*(deff-0.42*xu,lim)) = 1782.248196712 mm2
No. of bars = Ast/ast = 5.673
Ast provided = No. of bars * ast = 2199.115 mm2
Providing spacing of 20mm.

Design for maximum - ve moment at end

Design moment = 224.5664 Kn-m

Design of doubly reinforced section

Ast1 = Mu,lim/(0.87 * fy *(deff - 0.42 * xu,lim)) 1947.587183785 mm2
% of compression reinforcement = Asc/(b*deff)*100 0.420
Provide nominal steel 20mmΦ
Ast2 = fsc * Asc/(0.87 * fy) 482.555 mm2
Total Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 = 2430.142 mm2
No. of bars required = 7.735
Provide 10 - 20mm Φ
Ast provided = no. of bars * ast = 3141.593 mm2

Check for maximum and minimum reinforcement

As per IS 456:2000, Cl 26.5.1.1)
Maximum reinforcement
Ast, max = 0.04 * b * d = 4440 mm2
Ast, min = 0.85 * b * d/fy = 227.349 mm2
Hence, Ast,min < Ast provided < Ast, max

Check for development length

As per IS 456:2000 Cl 26.2.1
Ld = Φ*fs/(4Ԏbd*1.6) = 40.295Φ
Ld < 1.3M1/V +Lo
M1 = 0.87*fy*Ast*d(1-fy*Ast/(bd*fck)) 256.532867346 KN-m
and, V = 90.369 KN
Lo = 12Φ
Now, 47Φ <= 1.3M1/V +Lo
or, Φ = 90.729 mm
Since maximum diameter of bar is greater than provided i.e 90.729mm > 20mm Design is Ok.

Design for Shear force

As per IS 13920:1995 Cl 63.3
The shear force to be resisted by the vertical loops shall be the maximum of
a) Calculated factored shear force as per frame analysis
b) Shear force due to formation of plastic hinge at both ends of the beam + the factored gravity in th

Calculated factored S.F. at support

The maximum S.F. on member due to analysis at end support,
Vu = 90.369 KN
Now, nominal Shear stress, Ԏv = Vu/(b*deff) = 0.000753 N/mm2
% steel provided = 100*Ast. Provided/(b*deff) = 2.618 %

For M25 mix and….% steel, (From IS456:2000, Table 19)

Ԏc = 0.906 N/mm2
Shear strength of beam,Ԏc ' = k*Ԏc = 1.178 N/mm2
From IS 456:2000 Table 20
Ԏc, max = 3.1 N/mm2
Here, Ԏc, max > Ԏv>Ԏc'; so design is safe.

Design of stirrups
Adopting 8 mm Φ two legged stirrup ( minimum Φ acc. IS13920:1993, Cl6.3.2)
Asv = 2*π*Φ^2/4 = 100.531
Spacing for hoops:
Spacing, Sv =0.87*fy*Asv*d/Vu = 160.660
Sv<0.75*deff =
Spacing upto length 2*deff < deff/4 = 100 mm
< 8Φb = 160 mm
Therefore, adopt spacing of stirrups = 90 mm
At mid span, Spacing, Sv < deff/2 = 185 mm
Therefore, adopt spacing of stirrups = 150 mm

Anchorage of beam in external joints:

As per IS 13920:1993 Cl 6.2.5
In external joint both top and bottom bars of the beam shall be provided with anchorage length beyo
Anchorage length bend = Ld + 10Φ = mm
Lap Splice:
The longitudinal bars shall be splice
Not more than 50% of the bars shall be
If the hooks are provided over the entire
Lap Splice shall not be spliced within:
 effective depth, dxeff = 400 mm

end
224.5664 KN-m
204.8584 KN-m
69.272 KN
90.369 KN

400 mm

d'/d = 0.125
0.1 0.135 0.15
σy = 415 353 σsc 342
σsc = 345.3 N/mm2
> Ast required

>Mu,lim

Asc = (Mu - Mu,lim)/((fsc - fcc)*(deff-d')) 504.5653

 > Ast reqd

Ԏbd = Design bond stress = 40.2957589285714

mm Design is Ok.

he factored gravity in the span

2.75 0.9
(k=1.3, Cl 40.2.1.1) 2.83 Ԏc
3 0.92
Ԏc = 0.9064
h anchorage length beyond the inner face of column.
(Allowance for 90°)

0% of the bars shall be splice at on section

provided over the entire splice length at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm
SP 16 cl. 2.3.2
Design of Column

Size of column 600*600 mm2

fck 25 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
Axial Load (Pu) KN
Critical moment along X-X axis (Mux') KN-m
Critical moment along Y-Y axis (Muy') KN-m

Unsupported Length (L) 2.905 m

Effective length (Le) = 0.65 * L 0.650 m
Least dimension (D) 550 mm
Slenderness ratio (Le/D) 1.182 < 12 i.e Short column

Check for minimum eccentricity (emin)

emin = L/500 +d/30 18.33914

Mux = Pu * emin 0 KN-m

Muy = PU * emin 0 KN-m

Design as axial load with biaxial bending

Assumption : Bars are distributed equally four sides
Effective cover d' mm

about x -x axis d'/D

Assume the % of steel (Pt)
Pt/fck
Pu/(fck*b*d)
Mu/(fck*b*D2)
for square column
Mux1 KN-m

about y -y axis d'/D

Mu/(fck*b*D2)
Muy1 KN-m

Pz = 0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc KN
Pu/Pz
Range of Pu/Pz = 0.2 - 0.8 and αn=1 - 2
By interpolation, α

(Mux/Mu1)^α + (Muy/Muy1)^α < 1 safe.

Area of longitudional reinforcement = Pt * Ag mm2
Provide, mm2
Provide………………….
Design of Lateral ties
ΦT not less than ΦL/4 but not less than 6mm
ΦT
Adopt ΦT
Pitch<least lateral dimension or 16ΦL or 300 mm whichever is less
Therefore, P<lateral dimension <
or, P< 16ΦL <
or,P<300 <
Adopt, Pitch, P =

Provide…..

Special confining reinforcement shall be Provided over the length Lo from each joint face.
a large lateral imension of the member =
b 1/6 of clear height of column =
c 450mm

Adopt Lo
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half of least lateral dimension <
Adopt, =
i.e Short column

KN-m
KN-m
rom each joint face.
 Design of Staircase : Openwell Staircase

o Comcrete grade, fck = 25 N/mm2

Steel grade, fy = 415 N/mm2
Floor height = 3325 mm
Riser, R = 175 mm
Tread, T = 300 mm
Flight width, w = 1800 mm
No. of risers in the flights = 16
Effective span AA = 3500 mm
Effective span BB = 5500 mm
Effective span CC = 2900 mm

Load Calculation
Assume waist slab thickness = 135 mm
For Flight:
Wt. of waist slab = 3.90375 KN/m2
Wt. of steps = 2.188 KN/m2
Live Load, LL = 4 KN/m2
Foloor Finish, FF = 1.375 KN/m2
Total load, Wu = 11.466 KN/m2
Factored Load, = 17.199 KN/m2

For Landing:
Self wt. = 3.375 KN/m2
Live Load, LL = 4 KN/m2
Foloor Finish, FF = 1.375 KN/m2
Total Load = 8.75 KN/m2
Factored Load = 13.125 KN/m2

The staircase rests on wall

For Reactions:
Ra + Rb = 128.9946
Ra * 5.5 = 21.356*1.85*(.5*1.85+1.8+1.85)+24.823*1.8*(.5*1.8+1.85)+21.356*1.85*(1.85*.5)
i.e Ra = 64.49728 KN
Rb= 64.49728 KN
Let point of zero shear force occurs at distance 'X' from A, i.e SF = 0,
61.8493 - 21.356 *1.85 - 24.823* (X - 1.85) = 0
X= 2.75
Bm,max =61.8493*2.75-21.356*1.85*1.825-24.823*0.9*.45 91.586 KN-m

Effective depth, deff

deff = (Mu/(0.138*fck*b))^.5 133.0332 <

Design for Main reinforcement,

Area of tension steel is given by the relation,
BM = 0.87 * fy *Ast * d *(1 - (Ast* fy/(b*d*fck))
i.e Ast = 2320.232 > Amin =

Use 8-12mm dia. Bars equally spaced in 1m width

Spacing=width/(Ast/(pid^2/4)) 50.775
Adopting 45mm
Ast,provided= 2330 mm2
Pt=(Ast,provided/bD)*100% 1.151

Check for Shear

Nominal Shear Stress,=Vu/(b*d) 0.325811 N/mm2
For Pt=1.090831
=

Development Length
Ld=PHI* 402.9576
Ld=47*10 470mm
Provide Development Length 500mm

Moment of Resistance
 25.799 KN/m

22.313 KN/m

1.356*1.85*(1.85*.5)
135 mm ie Ok.

216 mm2
Design of Lift Wall

Table : Lateral Load Calculation

Floor Lump Mass

Wi, (KN)
Basement 206.85
Ground 139.65
F1 139.65
F2 139.65
F3 139.65
F4 139.65
F5 139.65
Top 164.4

Grade of concrete 25

Reference Sn.

2
 3

IS 1893(Part 1)
: 2002 Cl 7.6.1

IS 1893 (Part 1)
:2002 Cl.7.6.1
Table 2
Table 6
Table 7
CL. 6.4.2

Cl 7.5.3

Design

2
IS 456:2000 Cl 32.2.4

IS 456:2000 Cl 32.2.3

IS 456:2000Cl. 32.2.2 3

IS 456:2000Cl. 32.2.5 4
5

6
Height hi2 Wi*hi2
hi,m
0 0 0.000
8.25 68.0625 9504.928
11.575 133.9806 18710.394
14.9 222.01 31003.696
18.225 332.1506 46384.835
21.55 464.4025 64853.809
24.875 618.7656 86410.620
26.5 702.25 115449.900
372318.182

N/mm2 Grade of Steel

Calculation Result

Basement
Lift Wall Characteristic Load, Wu
=25*(4.925*0.2*5.6) 137.9 KN

Factored load = 1.5 * Wu 206.85 KN

Intermediate Floor
Lift Wall Characteristic Load, Wu
=25*(3.325*0.2*5.6) 93.1 KN
Factored load = 1.5 * Wu 139.65 KN

Top Floor
Lift Wall Characteristic Load,
=25*(1.625*0.2*5.6) 93.1 KN

Lift wall cover

=25*2.2*2*0.15 16.5 KN

Total , Wu= 109.6 KN

Factored load = 1.5 * Wu 164.4 KN

Lateral Load Calculation

Total Sesmic Wt.,
=207.9 + 6*93.1 + 164.4 930.9 KN

Total Height, h 26.5 m

Time period, Ta = 0.075h^0.75 0.876 sec

For Ta = 0.876 sec

Sa/g = 1.36/Ta 1.553
Z = 0.36
I = 1.5
R=5
Ah = (ZISa/2Rg) = 0.083862

Vb = Ah* lat. Load 78.067

Known data
Perimeter of lift wall = 5.6 m
Floor Height, H = 3.325 m
Assume Wall thickness, t = 200 mm

Check for slenderness ratio

Effective height, Heff = 0.75H 2.49375 m

Slenderness ration = Heff/t 12.46875 < 30 i.e. OK

Minimum Eccentricity
e=emin=0.05t 10 mm

Additional eccentricity
ea=H^2/2500t 22.11125 mm
Ultimate Load carrying capacity
Ultimate Load carrying capacity per unit length of wall,
Puw = 0.3(t-1.2e-2ea)*fck 1078.331 N/mm

Calculation of main vertical reinforcement

When lateral load is acting in y-direction
Assume clear cover = 20 mm
Using rod of dia. Φ = 20 mm
effective cover d' = 28 mm
Length of wall, D = 5.6 m

d'/D = 0.005
Mu =
Lateral force Moment
Qi(KN) (KN-m)
0.000
1.993
3.923
6.501
9.726
13.598
18.118
24.207

415 N/mm2
Design of Column

Size of column 600*600 mm2

fck 25 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
Axial Load (Pu) KN
Critical moment along X-X axis (Mux') KN-m
Critical moment along Y-Y axis (Muy') KN-m

Unsupported Length (L)

Effective length (Le) = 0.65 * L
Least dimension (D)
Slenderness ratio (Le/D)

Check for minimum eccentricity (emin)

emin = L/500 +d/30

Mux = Pu * emin
Muy = PU * emin

Design as axial load with biaxial bending

Assumption : Bars are distributed equally four sides
Effective cover d'
 Unit width of wall
h
γ
θ

Surcharge produce due to vehicular moment

w1
safe bearing capacity of soil,qs

1 MOMENT CALCULATION

lateral load due to:

soil pressure,pa
surcharge load,p1

2 CHARACTERISTICS BM AT THE BASE OF THE WALL

3 APPROXIMATE DESIGN OF SECTION

let d be the depth

let clear cover be 40mm and dia of bar be 20mm

calculation of main steel reinforcement

providing 16mm Φbar,spacing of bar

providing 16mm Φbar@100mm c/c

Provide nominal vertical reinforcement on the face of

wallΦ 16mm@ 300mm c/c at the front face.

4 CHECK FOR SHEAR

the critical section for the shear strength is taken at the
distace of d' from the face of the support..thus the
critical section.
 shear force at critical section is,

Nominal shear stress

5 CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL STEEL BAR

Area of horizontal reinforcement
As the tem.changes occur at the front face of basement.

front face horizontal reinforcement steel is=

Providing 10mmΦbar
No.of bar required
Spacing
Max spacing
Provide 10mmΦ@ 300mm c/c

hence,the spacing provided for horizontal steel is ok

6 CURTAILMENT OF REINFORCEMENT
No.of bar can be curtailed in less Ld distace from the
bottom of stem.

The curtailment of bar can be done in two ways

lateral due to soil pressure

lateral load due to the surcharge load

characteristics of BM at the base of wall

Design moment,

since,the moment is less than half of the moment at the base of the stem spacing of vertical reinforc
 1m
3.325
17 kn/m3
30

10 kn/m2
130 kn/m2

ka=(1-sinθ)/(1+sinθ) 0.333

ka*γ*h^2/2 31.293 kn/m

ka*w1*h 11.072 kn/m

Mc=(Pa*h/3)*(P1*h/2) 53.098 kn-m

M=1.5*Mc 79.635 kn-m

BM=0.136*fck*b*d^2
d 153.042
approx 160 mm

D=160+40+10 210 mm

BM=0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(fy*Ast/b*d*fck))
Ast 1666.75 mm2
Ast min=0.0012*b*D 252 mm2
Max. dia of bar=D/8 26.25 mm
s=(1000*ast/Ast) 120.63 mm
Ast provided 2010.619 mm2
Pt%=(100*Astprov/b*d) 1.256
Maximum spacing=3*d 480 mm
<=450 mm

d 0.16
from the top edge of wall 3.1645 m
 Vu=1.5((Ka*w1*z)+(Ka*γ*z^2/2)) 58.33 N

Ԏ=Vu/b*d 0.364 N/mm2

p(t) 1.256
Ԏc 0.70096
Ԏ<Ԏc so safe

0.002*D*h 1396.5 mm2

2/3*area of hor.reinforcement 931 mm2

12
h-(clear cover at both side-Φ)/(N-1) 297.727 mm
3d or 450 480 or 450 mm

Ld=(Φ*σs/16*4*Ԏbd) 1007.394 mm

1/3 and 2/3 of 12cm above the base i.e 2216.667

Pa=Kr*γ*h^2/2 13.907 kn/m

Ps=Ka*w1*h 7.381 kn/m

Mc=(Pa*h/3)*(Ps*h/2) 18.456 kn-m

M=1.5*Mc 27.684 kn-m

t at the base of the stem spacing of vertical reinforcement are double than that from base of wall.