Recall: The Probability of Single Event 1. Bryn has some bags with some black beads and some white beads. He is going to take a bead from each bag without looking. 00.5) foo 90 ose 8 oe A B c D E a. Match the pictures to the statements. The first is done for you. @ Itis impossible that Bryn will take a black bead from bag D. © Itis unlikely that Bryn will take a black bead from bag © Itis equally likely that Bryn will take a black bead or a white bead from bag @ tis likely that Bryn will take a black bead from bag © tis certain that Bryn will take a black bead from bag a Bryn has 5 white beads in a bag. He wants to make it more likely that he will take a black bead than a white bead out of the bag. How many black beads should Bryn put into the bag? c. There are 20 beads altogether in another bag. All the beads are either black or white. It is equally likely that Bryn will take a black bead or a white bead from the bag. How many black beads and how many white beads are there in the bag? 2. Here are four spinners, labelled P, Q, Rand S. aa. Which spinner gives the greatest chance that the arrow will land on plain? b. Which spinner gives the smallest chance that the arrow will land on shaded? c. Shade a copy of the spinner shown so that it is certain that the arrow will land on shaded. x d. Shade a copy of this spinner so that there is a 50% chance that the arrow will land on shaded. ) 3. Barry is doing an experiment. He drops 20 matchsticks at random onto a grid of parallel lines. Barry does the experiment 10 times and records his results. He wants to work out an estimate of probability. 576468 53 5 7 Bos a. Use Barry's data to work out the probability that a single matchstick when dropped will fall across one of the lines. Show your working.b. Barry continues the experiment until he has dropped the 20 matchsticks 60 times. About how many matchsticks in total would you expect to fall across one of the lines? Show your working. 4, Brightlite company makes light bulbs. The state of the company's machines can be: available for use and being used or available for use but not needed or broken down, a. The table shows the probabilities of the state of the machines in July 1994. What is the missing probability? b. During another month the probability of a machine being available for use State of machines: July 1994 Probability 003 was 0.92. What was the probability of a machine being broken down? c. Brightlite calculated the probabilities of a bulb failing within 1000 hours and within 2000 hours. Copy and complete the table below to show the probabilities of a bulb still working at 1000 hours and at 2000 hours. Time Failed | Still working | | A 1000 hous 0.07 | +2000 hous | 057 The Probability of Two Events 1, A class contains 100 students: 70 of them like mathematics, 60 like physics, and 40 like both. If a student is chosen at random, using a Venn diagram, find the probability that they like mathematics but not physics.‘Mathematics Physics 2. A given company has 1500 employees. Of those employees, 800 are computer science majors. 25% of those computer science majors are also mathematics majors. That group of computer science/math dual majors makes up one third of the total mathematics majors. How many emploess have majors other than computer science and mathematics? Union(u, “or"): AvB is the event that either A occurs or B occurs or they both occur Intersection (n, "and"): AnB is the event that both A occurs and B occurs A person with type O blood and a negative Rh factor (Rh-) can donate blood to any person with any blood type. Four percent of African Americans have type O blood and a negative RH factor, 5-10% of African Americans have the Rh- factor, and 51% have type O blood. The “O” circle represents the African Americans with type O blood. The “Rh- “ oval represents the African Americans with the Rh- factor. w We will take the average of 5% and 10% and use 7.5% as the percent of African Americans who have the Rh- factor. Let O = African American with Type O blood and R = African American with Rh- factor. a. P(O)= a b. P(R) = c. P(OnR) d. P(OUR)= e. In the Venn Diagram, describe the overlapping area using a complete sentence. f. In the Venn Diagram, describe the area in the rectangle but outside both the circle and the oval using a complete sentence.4. Ina bookstore, the probability that the customer buys a novel is 0.6, and the probability that the customer buys a non-fiction book is 0.4. Suppose that the probability that the customer buys both is 0.2. a. Drawa Venn diagram representing the situation. b. Find the probability that the customer buys either a novel or a non- fiction book. C. In the Venn diagram, describe the overlapping area using a complete sentence. Examples 1. An unbiased coin is tossed twice. a. List all the possible outcomes. b, What is the probability of obtaining two heads? c. What is the probability of obtaining a head and a tail in any order? 2. Ared dice and a blue dice, both unbiased, are rolled at the same time. The scores on the two dice are then added together. a. Use a table to show all the possible outcomes.b. What is the probability of obtaining: i. ascore of 5, ii, ascore which is greater than 3, iii. a score which is an even number? 3. Acard is taken at random from a pack of 52 playing cards, and then replaced. Asecond card is then drawn at random from the pack. Use a tree diagram to determine the probability that: » |. both cards are Diamonds, r at least one card is a Diamond, ¢. exactly one card is a Diamond, d. neither card is a Diamond. Homework1. The faces of an unbiased dice are painted so that 2 are red, 2 are blue and 2 are yellow. The dice is rolled twice. Three of the possible outcomes are listed below: RR RB RY a. List all 9 possible outcomes. b. What is the probability that: i. both faces are red, ji. both faces are the same colour, . the faces are of different colours? 2. Aspinner is marked with the letters A, B, Cand D, so that each letter is equally likely to be obtained. The spinner is spun twice. a. List the 16 possible outcomes. b, What is the probability that: i. Ais obtained twice, ji, Ais obtained at least once, iii, both letters are the same, iv. the letter B is not obtained at all? 3. Two fair dice are renumbered so that they have the following numbers on their faces: 1,1,2,3,4,6 The dice are rolled at the same time, and their scores added together. a. Draw a table to show the 36 possible outcomes.b. What is the probability that the total score is: i.6, ii. 3, ili. greater than 10, iv. less than 5? 4, Ared spinner is marked with the numbers 1 to 4 and a blue spinner is marked with the numbers 1 to 5. On each spinner all the numbers are equally likely to be obtained, The two spinners are spun at the same time and the two scores are added together. a. Drawa table to show the 20 possible outcomes. b. What is the probability that the total score on the two spinners is: i, an even number, ii, the number 7, a number greater than 4, iv. anumber less than 7?5. An unbiased dice is rolled and a fair coin is tossed at the same time. a. Either list all the possible outcomes or show them ina table. b. What is the probability of obtaining: i. ahead anda 6, ii, a tail and an odd number, iii, a tail and a number less than 5? 6. A coin is biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is 2 and the probability of obtaining a tail is 2 : a. Copy and complete the following tree diagram to show the possible outcomes and probabilities if the coin is tossed twice. Second Toss of Coin PROBABILITIES First Toss of Coin TAIL b. What is the probability of obtaining: i. 2heads, ii, at least one head, iii. 2 tails, iv. exactly 1 tail?7. An unbiased dice is rolled twice in a game. If a 1 or a 6 is obtained, you win a prize. a. Copy and complete the following tree diagram: Second Roll PROBABILITIES First Rot 1 a 1 PRE im an re b, What is the probability that a player wins: i. 2 prizes, ii, 1 prize, ili, at least 1 prize? 8. Acard is taken at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. It is replaced and a second card is then taken at random from the pack. Acard is said to be a 'Royal' card if it is a King, Queen or Jack. Use a tree diagram to calculate the probability that: a. both cards are Royals, b. one card is a Royal, . at least one card isa Royal, 10d. neither card is a Royal. 9. The probability that a school bus is late on any day is+. Use a tree diagram to calculate the probability that on two consecutive days, the bus is: a. late twice, b. late once, c. never late. 10.The probability that a piece of bread burns ina toaster is z ‘Two slices of bread are toasted, one after the other. a. Use a tree diagram to calculate the probability that at least one of these slices of bread burns in the toaster. b. Extend your tree diagram to include toasting 3 slices, one at a time. c. Calculate the probability of at least one slice burning in the toaster. General Ability 1. Choose the word which is different from the rest. A. Chicken B. Snake c. SwanD. Crocodile E. Frog 2. Select a suitable figure from the four alternatives that would complete the figure matrix. CERISE) @) (2) (3) (4) 3. Select a suitable figure from the four alternatives that would complete the figure matrix. 4. Select a suitable figure from the four alternatives that would complete the figure matrix. WIAA @ @) (3) (4) 5. All the trees in the park are flowering trees. Some of the trees in the park are dogwoods.All dogwoods in the park are flowering trees. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. True B. False C. uncertain Apartments in the Riverdale Manor cost less than apartments in The Gaslight Commons. Apartments in the Livingston Gate cost more than apartments in the The Gaslight Commons. Of the three apartment buildings, the Livingston Gate costs the most. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. True B. False C. uncertain 7. sthich numbers the edd one out in each oval? SL Wich nembinr replies the quassion:markt QO2 @O 10. Which number replaces the question mark? QED) 1312, Which letter replaces the question mark? N 252 R T soo |v | Y 400 P K 132 L G 182 ? 43, Which letter replaces the question mark? e| [es D els e[a[s al [# s| [ce 8 al [e el7|s elif2 of [i e| [ 14, Which number replaces the question mark? 6 FKM 24 12 Luc 24 20 IRB 9 4 pea 24 34 PJH ? 15. What time should the last watch show? 17. CMM, EOO, GQQ, , KUU AGRR BGSS ciss DITT 18.Which one will replace the question mark? aioe] 2 3 5s | 7 8 1]? gop boo a i” & 19.Which one will replace the question mark ? 1420, Which one will replace the question mark ? A. 40 C. 44 A. 60 Cc. 86 B. 38 D. 39 B. 46 D. 75 15