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Geotec Reviewer Mod. 1

The document discusses the history and development of geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics. It describes how: 1) Early civilizations like ancient Egyptians built structures like pyramids and used basic foundations, but it wasn't until the 18th century that engineers began more methodically studying soil properties and behaviors. 2) The field progressed through four major periods - from the initial Preclassical period focusing on properties like slope angles, to the two Classical periods which saw developments in retaining wall theory and permeability testing, to the Modern period marked by studies into clay consolidation and shear strength. 3) Pioneers like Coulomb, Terzaghi, and Bell conducted seminal research and experiments that established the bases

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Eric John Villena
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27 views3 pages

Geotec Reviewer Mod. 1

The document discusses the history and development of geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics. It describes how: 1) Early civilizations like ancient Egyptians built structures like pyramids and used basic foundations, but it wasn't until the 18th century that engineers began more methodically studying soil properties and behaviors. 2) The field progressed through four major periods - from the initial Preclassical period focusing on properties like slope angles, to the two Classical periods which saw developments in retaining wall theory and permeability testing, to the Modern period marked by studies into clay consolidation and shear strength. 3) Pioneers like Coulomb, Terzaghi, and Bell conducted seminal research and experiments that established the bases

Uploaded by

Eric John Villena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOIL Uncemented aggregate of mineral grains

Used as a construction material


Support foundation

SOIL MECHANICS Branch of science


Studies physical properties of Earth
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Subdiscipline of civil engineers
Application of the principle of soil mechanics
To design Foundation, retaining structures, and
earth structures
Leaning tower of Pisa in Italy Construction began 1173 AD
Dia. 20 m
Weighs 15700 Metric tons
Leaning 5 degree
Garisenda Tower 48 m high
Weighs 4210 metric tons
Tilted 4 degrees
Assinelli tower 97 m high
7300 metric tons
Tilted 1.3 degrees

HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

The understanding of geotechnical engineering began on the early 18th century

For years, the art of geotechnical engineering was based on only on past experiences through succession
of experimentation

DDA2700TA

1. Dykes way back to 2000 BC were built in the basin of Indus to protect the town of Mohenjo Dara
2. During Chan Dynasty, (1120 – 249 bc) MANY DYKES WERE BUILT FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES
3. Ancient Greek Cibilization used Isolated Pad footings and strip and raft foundation fr building
structures
4. 2700 BC several pyramids were built in Egypt (As of 2008, there were 138 pyramids)
5. The Arriva of Buddhism in China during the Eastern han dynasty in 68 AD, thousand of
pagodas were built
6. After Encountering several foundation related problem, engineers and scientists began to
address the properties and behaviors of soil in a more methodical manner starting in the early
past 18 century

FOUR MAJOR PERIODS

PCCM

1. Preclassical (1700 to 1776 AD) 76


2. Classical Soil Mechanics PHASE I (1776 to 1856) 80
3. Classical Soil Mechanics PHASE II (1856 to 1910) 66
4. Modern Soil Mechanics (1910-1927) 27
PRECLASSICAL (HgB-F-J.j- Jr)
Period which concentrates to natural slope and unit weight of various types of soil
1 1717 Henry Gautier Natural slope of soil or angle of repose
2 1729 Bernard Forest de Belidor Published a textbook for military and civil
engineers
Proposed a theory for lateral Earth
Pressure on retaining walls
3 1746 FRANCOIS GADROY Reported the first laboratory test result of
a 76 mm high retaining wall built with
sand backfill in 1746
Observed the existence of Slip planes in
the soil at failure
3A 1808 J.J Mayniel Summarized Francos Gadroy Study
4 1769 Jean Rodolphe PeRRonet Studied slope stability around 1769

CLASSICAL SOIL MECHANICS PHASE I (C-Jv-Will)


Mot of developments came from engineers and scientists in france
1 1776 CHARLES AUGUSTIN COULOMB Famous paper presented in 1776
Used principle of calculus in maxima and
minima
Determine true position of the sliding
surface.
2 1840 Jean Victor Poncelet Army engineer and prof in mechanics
Extended coulomb theory
Provided the firs ultimate bearing-capacity
theory
3 1857 William John Macquorn Rankine Prof at Univ. of Glasglow
Theory of pressure and equilibrium of
earth masses

CLASSICAL SOIL MECHANICS PHASE II (HpG-JO)


Several experimentation test on sand
1 1856 Henri Philibert Gaspard Darey Published study in permeability of sand
fillers
Defined the term coefficient of
permeability (hydraulic conductivity)
2 George Howard Darwin Prof of astronomy
Determine the overturning moment on
hinged wall retaining sand
3 1885 Joseph Valentin BouSSinesq Theory of stress distribution
4 1887 Osborne Reynolds Demonstrated the phenomenon of
dilatancy in sand
MODERN SOIL MECHANICS (A-JAWK)
Results of research conducted on clay

1 1908 Albert Mauritz Atterberg Defined clay size fractions smaller than 2
microns
realized importance of clay Particles and
plasticity
2 1909 Jean Fontard 1909, 17m high Earth dam at charmes
France failed. Build between 1902 and
1906
Investigated the dam
Conducted undrained double-shear test
3 Arthur Langley Bell Developed relationship for lateral pressure
and resistance of clay
Uses Shear box test to measure undrained
shear strength
4 Wolmar Fellenius Developed the stability analysis of
saturated clay slopes
Published in 1926
5 Karl Terzaghi Theory of consolidation for clays

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AFTER 1927

Erdbaumechanik auf Bodenphysikalisher Grudlage

Published in 1925, gave birth to new era

Karl Terzaghi – father of modern soil mechanics

Leader of the new branch of civil engineering ( Soil mechanics)

In 1985, Ralph B. Peck

Wrote that, terzaghi is the clearing house of research

Assistant of Karl who invented controversial construction technique (Channel tunnel)

The Godfather of Soil Mechanics – responsible for succession of celebrated tunneling

Foundation occurred was no longer “ACTS OF GOD”

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