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Soilmechanics: by Dr. ETG 2112

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12 views15 pages

Soilmechanics: by Dr. ETG 2112

Uploaded by

viksithv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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S O I L M EC H A N I C S

BY DR. SANKHA WIDISINGHE


ETG 2112

Email – sankha@sjp.ac.lk
Af t e r e n co u n t e r i n g se v e r a l f o u n d a t i o n -r e l a t e d p r o b l e m s d u r i n g
co n st r u ct i o n o v e r ce n t u r i e s p a st , e n gi n e e r s a n d sci e n t i st s b e ga n
t o a d d r e ss t h e p r o p e r t i e s a n d b e h a v i o r o f so i l s i n a m o r e
m e t h o d i ca l m a n n e r st a r t i n g i n t h e e a r l y p a r t o f t h e 1 8 t h ce n t u r y

Based on the emphasis and the nature of study in the area of geotechnical
engineering, the time span extending from 1700 to 1927 can be divided into
three major periods

1.Pre-classical (1700 to 1776 A.D.)


2. Classical soil mechanics—(1776 to 1910 A.D.)
3.Modern soil mechanics (1910 to 1927 A.D.)
Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700–1776)
This period concentrated on studies relating to
natural slope and unit weights of various types
of soils as well as the semiempirical earth pressure
theories.
In 1717 a French royal engineer, Henri Gautier (1660–
1737), studied the natural slopes of soils when
tipped in a heap for formulating the design
procedures of retaining walls
Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700–1776)
The natural slope is what we now refer to as the angle of repose. According to
this study, the natural slopes of clean dry sand and ordinary earth were
31° and 45°, respectively.
the unit weights of clean dry sand and ordinary earth were
recommended to be 18.1 kN/ m3 and 13.4 kN/ m3 , respectively
No test results on clay were reported
Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700–1776)
Bernard Forest de Belidor (1694–1761) proposed a theory for lateral earth
pressure on retaining walls that was a follow-up to Gautier’s (1717) original
study
He also specified a soil classification system based on the unit weight
of soil
The first laboratory model test results on a 76-mm-high retaining wall
built with sand backfill were reported in 1746 by a French engineer,
Francois Gadroy, who observed the existence of slip planes in the soil
at failure
Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700–1776)
Another notable contribution during this period is that by the French engineer
Jean Rodolphe Perronet (1708–1794), who studied slope stability around
1769
Classical period of Soil Mechanics—(1776–1910)
Classical soil mechanics began in 1773 with Charles Coulomb's (a physicist, 1736-1806)
introduction of mechanics to soil problems. Using the laws of friction and cohesion to
determine the true sliding surface behind a retaining wall, Coulomb inadvertently
defined failure criteria for soil
By combining Coulomb's theory with Christian Otto Mohr's theory of a 2D stress state,
the Mohr Coulomb theory was developed
Classical period of Soil Mechanics—(1776–1910)
Henry Darcy (1803-1858) defined the hydraulicconductivity
Joseph Boussinesq, a mathematician and physicist (1842-1929), developed the theory
of stress distribution
Classical period of Soil Mechanics—(1776–1910)
William Rankines (1820-1872) simplified Coulomb's earth pressure theory.
Osborne Reynolds (1842-1912) demonstrated the phenomenon of dialency in sand
Modern period of Soil Mechanics—(1910–1927)
This period was marked by a series of important studies and publications related to the
mechanic behavior of clays
Albert Atterberg (1846-1916), a sweidsh chemist and soil scientist, explained the
consistency of cohesive soils, by defining liquid, plastic, and shrikage limits
Modern period of Soil Mechanics—(1910–1927)
Arthur Bell (1874-1956), a civil engineer from England, developed relationships for
lateral pressure and resistance in clay as well as bearing capacity of shallow
foundations in clay
Wolmer Fellenius (1876-1957), an engineer from Sweden, developed the stability
analysis of saturated clay slopes.
Karl Terzaghi (1883-1963), a civil engineer and geologist from Austria, developed the
theory of consolidation for clays as we know today.
Modern period of Soil Mechanics—(1910–1927)
The development of modern geotechnical engineering as a
branch of civil engineering is absolutely impacted by one single
professional individual - Karl Terzaghi
Generally recognized as the father of modern soil
mechanics and geotechnical engineering
He started modern soil mechanics with his theories of
consolidation, lateral earth pressures, bearing capacity, and
stability.
His contribution has spread to almost every topic in soil
mechanics and geotechnical engineering covered by the text
book. Effective stress: Elastic stres distribution; consolidation
settlement; shear strength; in-situ testing
Terzaghi's definition of Soil Mechanics
Soil mechanics is the application of laws of mechanics and
hydraulics to engineering problems dealing with sediments
and other uncolodated accumulations of solid particles by
mechanical and chemical disintegration of rocks regardless of
whether or not they contain an admixtures of organic
constituents
IM P O RTA NC E O F S O IL
M E C HA NIC S FO R
G EO TEC HNO LO G Y

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z uofAC9rq58
Thank you

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