Edexcel

GCE A Level Maths

Further Maths 3
Matrices.

Edited by: K V Kumaran

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  1 0 4
 
1. A =  0 5 4 .
 4 4 3
 
 2
 
(a) Verify that   2  is an eigenvector of A and find the corresponding eigenvalue.
 1
 
(3)
(b) Show that 9 is another eigenvalue of A and find the corresponding eigenvector.
(5)
  2
 
(c) Given that the third eigenvector of A is  1 , write down a matrix P and a diagonal matrix
  2
 
D such that
PTAP = D.
(5)
[P6 June 2002 Qn 5]
 4  5
2. M   
 6  9

(a) Find the eigenvalues of M.

(4)
A transformation T: ℝ  ℝ is represented by the matrix M. There is a line through the origin
2 2

for which every point on the line is mapped onto itself under T.

(b) Find a cartesian equation of this line.

(3)
[P6 June 2003 Qn 3]
 3 1  1
 
3. A  1 1 1, u  1.
5 3 u
 
(a) Show that det A =2(u – 1).
(2)
(b) Find the inverse of A .
(6)
a  3 1 1  3
     
The image of the vector  b  when transformed by the matrix  1 1 1 is  1  .
c 5 3 6 6
     
(c) Find the values of a, b and c.
(3)

[P6 June 2003 Qn 6]

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4. The matrix M is given by
 1 4  1
 
M = 3 0 p ,
a b c 
 
where p, a, b and c are constants and a > 0.

Given that MMT = kI for some constant k, find

(a) the value of p,

(2)
(b) the value of k,
(2)
(c) the values of a, b and c,
(6)
(d) det M.
(2)
[P6 June 2004 Qn 5]
5. The transformation R is represented by the matrix A, where

 3 1
A    .
 1 3
(a) Find the eigenvectors of A.
(5)
(b) Find an orthogonal matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that

A = PDP1.
(5)
(c) Hence describe the transformation R as a combination of geometrical transformations, stating
clearly their order.
(4)
[P6 June 2004 Qn 6]
3 2 4
 
6. A = 2 0 2 .
4 2 k 
 

(a) Show that det A = 20 – 4k.

(2)
–1
(b) Find A .
(6)
 0
 
Given that k = 3 and that  2  is an eigenvector of A,
 1
 
(c) find the corresponding eigenvalue.
(2)

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Given that the only other distinct eigenvalue of A is 8,

(d) find a corresponding eigenvector.

(4)

[FP3/P6 June 2005 Qn 7]

7. A transformation T : ℝ2  ℝ2 is represented by the matrix

 2 2
A=   , where k is a constant.
 2 1

Find

(a) the two eigenvalues of A,

(4)
(b) a cartesian equation for each of the two lines passing through the origin which are invariant
under T.
(3)

[*FP3/P6 January 2006 Qn 3]

k 1  2
 
8. A =  0  1 k  , where k is a real constant.
9 0 
 1

(a) Find values of k for which A is singular.

(4)
Given that A is non-singular,

(b) find, in terms of k, A–1.

(5)

[FP3/P6 January 2006 Qn 4]

1 1 2
 
9. A = 0 1 1 .
0 0 1
 

Prove by induction, that for all positive integers n,

1 n 1
(n 2  3n) 
 2 
A = 0 1
n
n .
 
0 0 1 
(5)

[FP3 June 2006 Qn 1]

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10. The eigenvalues of the matrix M, where
 4  2
M =  ,
1 1

are 1 and 2, where 1 < 2.

(a) Find the value of 1 and the value of 2.

(3)
–1
(b) Find M .
(2)
–1
(c) Verify that the eigenvalues of M are 1–1 and 2–1.
(3)

A transformation T : ℝ2  ℝ2 is represented by the matrix M. There are two lines, passing through
the origin, each of which is mapped onto itself under the transformation T.

(d) Find cartesian equations for each of these lines.

(4)

[FP3 June 2006 Qn 5]

 0
 
11. Given that  1 is an eigenvector of the matrix A, where
 1
 
 3 4 p
 
A    1 q  4  
 1 1 3 


 0
 
(a) find the eigenvalue of A corresponding to  1 ,
 1
 
(2)
(b) find the value of p and the value of q.
(4)

 l  10 
   
The image of the vector  m  when transformed by A is   4 .
 n  3
   

(c) Using the values of p and q from part (b), find the values of the constants l, m
and n.
(4)

[FP3 June 2007 Qn 3]

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12.
1 p 2
 
M = 0 3 q ,
2 p 1 

where p and q are constants.

1
 
Given that  2  is an eigenvector of M,
1
 
(a) show that q = 4p.
(3)
Given also that λ = 5 is an eigenvalue of M, and p < 0 and q < 0, find

(b) the values of p and q,

(4)
(c) an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue λ = 5.
(3)
[FP3 June 2008 Qn 2]
6 1  1
 
13. M = 0 7 0
 3 1 2
 

(a) Show that 7 is an eigenvalue of the matrix M and find the other two eigenvalues of M.
(5)
(b) Find an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 7.
(4)
[FP3 June 2009 Qn 3]
1 0 3
 
14. M =  0  2 1 , where k is a constant.
k 0 1

6
 
Given that  1  is an eigenvector of M,
6
 
6
 
(a) find the eigenvalue of M corresponding to  1  ,
6
 
(2)
(b) show that k = 3,
(2)
(c) show that M has exactly two eigenvalues.
(4)

A transformation T : ℝ3 → ℝ3 is represented by M.

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 x2 y z 1
The transformation T maps the line l1, with cartesian equations = = , onto the
1 3 4
line l2.

(d) Taking k = 3, find cartesian equations of l2.

(5)
[FP3 June 2010 Qn 6]
15. The matrix M is given by
 k 1 1
 
M=  1 0  1 , k  1.
 3 2 1

(a) Show that det M = 2 − 2k.
(2)
−1
(b) Find M , in terms of k.
(5)
The straight line l1 is mapped onto the straight line l 2 by the transformation represented by the
matrix
 2  1 1
 
1 0  1
 3 2 1

The equation of l 2 is (r − a) × b = 0, where a = 4i + j+ 7k and b = 4i + j+ 3k.

(c) Find a vector equation for the line l1 .

(5)

[FP3 June 2011 Qn 7]

16. The matrix M is given by
 2 1 0
 
M =  1 2 0 .
 1 0 4
 
(a) Show that 4 is an eigenvalue of M, and find the other two eigenvalues.
(5)
(b) For the eigenvalue 4, find a corresponding eigenvector.
(3)

The straight line l1 is mapped onto the straight line l2 by the transformation represented by the
matrix M.
The equation of l1 is (r − a) × b = 0, where a = 3i + 2j− 2k and b = i − j+ 2k.

(c) Find a vector equation for the line l2.

(5)
[FP3 June 2012 Qn 8]

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 1
17. It is given that  2  is an eigenvector of the matrix A, where
 
0

 4 2 3
 
A   2 b 0
a 1 8
 
and a and b are constants.

1
(a) Find the eigenvalue of A corresponding to the eigenvector  2  .
 
0
(3)
(b) Find the values of a and b.
(3)
(c) Find the other eigenvalues of A.
(5)
[FP3 June 2013_R Qn 6]
18. The matrix M is given by

 1 1 a
 
M   2 b c  , where a, b and c are constants.
 1 0 1 
 
(a) Given that j + k and i – k are two of the eigenvectors of M,
find
(i) the values of a, b and c,
(ii) the eigenvalues which correspond to the two given eigenvectors. (8)
(b) The matrix P is given by

 1 1 0
 
P   2 1 d  , where d is constant, d ≠ –1
 1 0 1 
 
Find
(i) the determinant of P in terms of d,
(ii) the matrix P–1 in terms of d. (5)
[FP3 June 2013 Qn 5]

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 2  2   1
19. The symmetric matrix M has eigenvectors  2  ,  1 and  2 
     
 1  2  2
with eigenvalues 5, 2 and –1 respectively.
(a) Find an orthogonal matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that
PTMP = D
(4)
Given that P–1 = PT
(b) show that
M = PDP–1
(2)
(c) Hence find the matrix M.
(5)
[FP3 June 2014_R Qn 6]
20.

1 0 2
 
M  0 4 1
0 5 0
 
(a) Show that matrix M is not orthogonal.
(2)
(b) Using algebra, show that 1 is an eigenvalue of M and find the other two eigenvalues
of M.
(5)
(c) Find an eigenvector of M which corresponds to the eigenvalue 1.
(2)

The transformation M : ¡ 3
¡ 3
is represented by the matrix M.
(d) Find a cartesian equation of the image, under this transformation, of the line
y z
x 
2 1
(4)
[FP3 June 2014 Qn 2]

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 2 1 0
 
21. A = 1 2 1 .
 0 1 2
 

(a) Find the eigenvalues of A.

(5)
(b) Find a normalised eigenvector for each of the eigenvalues of A.
(5)
(c) Write down a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that PTAP = D.
(2)
[FP3 June 2015 Qn 3]
 2 1 3 
 
22. A=  k 1 3  , where k is a constant
 2 1 k 
 
Given that the matrix A is singular, find the possible values of k. (4)
[FP3 June 2016 Qn 1]
 p 2 0
 
23. M =  2 6  2 ,
 0 2 q 

where p and q are constants.
 2
 
Given that   2  is an eigenvector of the matrix M,
 1
 
(a) find the eigenvalue corresponding to this eigenvector,
(3)
(b) find the value of p and the value of q.
(3)
Given that 6 is another eigenvalue of M,
(c) find a corresponding eigenvector.
(2)
1
 
Given that  2  is a third eigenvector of M with eigenvalue 3,
2
 
(d) find a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that

PTMP = D.
(3)
[FP3 June 2016 Qn 6]

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24. The matrix M is given by
æ 1 k 0 ö
M = ç 2 -2 1 ÷ , k ∈ ℝ, k ≠ 1
ç ÷ 2
è -4 1 -1 ø
(a) Show that det M = 1 – 2k.
(2)
–1
(b) Find M in terms of k.
(4)

The straight line l1 is mapped onto the straight line l2 by the transformation represented by
the matrix
æ 1 0 0 ö
ç 2 -2 1 ÷
ç ÷
è -4 1 -1 ø
Given that l2 has cartesian equation
x -1 y + 2 z - 3
= =
5 2 1
(c) find a cartesian equation of the line l1
(6)
[FP3 June 2017 Qn 6]
25. A non-singular matrix M is given by

 3 k 0
 
M   k 2 0  , where k is a constant.
k 0 1
 
(a) Find, in terms of k, the inverse of the matrix M.
(5)
The point A is mapped onto the point (–5, 10, 7) by the transformation represented by the matrix

3 1 0
 
1 2 0
1 0 1
 
(b) Find the coordinates of the point A.
(3)
[F3 IAL June 2014 Qn 4]

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26.

0 1 9 
 
M   1 4 k  , where k is a constant.
 1 0 3 
 

 7
 
Given that 19  is an eigenvector of the matrix M,
 1
 

 7
 
(a) find the eigenvalue of M corresponding to 19  ,
 1
 
(2)
(b) show that k −= 7,
(2)
(c) find the other two eignevalues of the matrix M.
(4)

 p  6 
   
The image of the vector  q  under the transformation represented by M is  21  .
 r  5
   
(d) Find the values of the constants p, q and r.
(4)
[F3 IAL June 2015 Qn 4]
 1 k 0
 
27. M =  1 1 1  , where k is a constant
 1 k 3
 
–1
(a) Find M in terms of k.
(5)
Hence, given that k = 0
(b) find the matrix N such that

3 5 6 
 
MN =  4 1 1 
 3 2 3 
 
(4)
[F3 IAL June 2016 Qn 4]

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28.
æ -1 3 a ö æ 2 0 4 ö
A=ç 2 0 1 ÷, B = ç 3 -2 3 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 1 -2 1 ø è 1 2 b ø
where a and b are constants.
(a) Write down AT in terms of a.
(1)
(b) Calculate AB, giving your answer in terms of a and b.
(2)
(c) Hence show that
(AB)T = BTAT
(3)
[F3 IAL June 2017 Qn 2]

29.
æ 1 1 3 ö
M=ç 1 5 1 ÷
ç ÷
è 3 1 1 ø
(a) Show that 6 is an eigenvalue of the matrix M and find the other two
eigenvalues of M.
(4)
(b) Find a normalised eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 6.
(4)
[F3 IAL June 2017 Qn 4]

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