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Rectifiers

The document discusses different types of rectifiers used in basic electronics. It covers half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, explaining their circuit configurations and operations. Specific topics include average output voltage calculations, the effect of barrier potential, peak inverse voltage ratings, and using transformers for coupling. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts such as determining output voltages and minimum diode ratings.

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Denver Exconde
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20 views27 pages

Rectifiers

The document discusses different types of rectifiers used in basic electronics. It covers half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, explaining their circuit configurations and operations. Specific topics include average output voltage calculations, the effect of barrier potential, peak inverse voltage ratings, and using transformers for coupling. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts such as determining output voltages and minimum diode ratings.

Uploaded by

Denver Exconde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

1

Basic Electronics
Course Code: ECE 422
Rectifiers
2

Objectives

After this lesson, the students should be able to:


• Explain and analyze the operation of half-wave rectifiers
• Discuss half-wave rectification
• Explain and analyze the operation of full-wave rectifiers
• Describe how a center-tapped full-wave rectifier works
• Describe how a bridge full-wave rectifier works
3

Half-wave rectifier circuit


4

Half-wave rectifier operation

The process of removing one-half the


input signal to establish a dc level is
called half-wave rectification.
5

Average Value of the Half-Wave Output


Voltage
• The average value of the half-wave rectified output voltage is the value
you would measure on a dc voltmeter.
Mathematically,
where:
6

Example 1:

What is the average value of half-wave rectified voltage in the figure


shown?

Note: VAVG is 31.8% of Vp.


7

Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half-Wave


Rectifier Output
• The effect of the barrier potential on the half-wave rectified output
voltage is to reduce the peak value of the input by about 0.7 V
• It is usually acceptable to use the ideal diode model, which neglects the
effect of the barrier potential, when the peak value of the applied voltage
is much greater than the barrier potential (at least 10 V, as a rule of
thumb).
8

Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half-Wave


Rectifier Output

Vo = Vin - 0.7
9

Example 2

Draw the output voltage of the


rectifier shown in the figure.
10

Try to Solve

Sketch the output Vo and determine


the dc level for the network shown.
11

Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)

• The peak inverse voltage (PIV) equals the peak


value of the input voltage, and the diode must
be capable of withstanding at least this amount
of repetitive reverse voltage.
• A diode should be rated at least 20% higher
than the PIV
• In this circuit, the PIV occurs at the
• The PIV occurs at the peak of each half-cycle peak of each negative half-cycle
of the input voltage when the diode is
reverse-biased.
12

Transformer Coupling

• A transformer is often used to couple the ac input voltage from the source
to the rectifier as shown in the figure.
13

Transformer Coupling

Advantages of transformer coupling:


1. It allows the source voltage to be stepped up or down as needed.
2. The ac source is electrically isolated from the rectifier, thus avoiding a
shock hazard in the secondary circuit for lower voltages.
14

Transformer Coupling

• The amount that the voltage is stepped up or down is determined by the


turns ratio of the transformer.
• a transformer with a turns ratio less than 1 is a step-down type and one with a
turns ratio greater than 1 is a step-up type.

• The secondary voltage of a transformer equals the turns ratio, n, times the
primary voltage.
15

Transformer Coupling

The peak secondary voltage, Vp(sec), in a


transformer-coupled half-wave rectifier is
the same as Vp(in)

in terms of Vp(sec) is
16

Example 3

Determine the peak value of the output


voltage if the turns ratio is 0.5.
17

Full-wave rectifiers

A full-wave rectifier allows unidirectional (one-way) current through the load


during the entire 360 of the input cycle, whereas a half-wave rectifier allows
current through the load only during one-half of the cycle.

Average value can be measured using the formula:

VAVG is approximately 63.7% of Vp for a full-wave rectified voltage.


18

Full-wave rectifiers

A center-tapped rectifier is a type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes


connected to the secondary of a center-tapped transformer.
19

Full-wave rectifiers operation


20

Example:
a. Show the voltage waveforms across each half
of the secondary winding and across RL when
a 100 V peak sine wave is applied to the
primary winding as shown.
b. Assuming a 20% margin, what minimum PIV
rating must the diodes have?
21

Bridge Full-wave rectifier operation


22

Bridge Full-wave rectifier operation


If silicon rather than ideal diodes are employed as shown:
23

Example

Determine the peak output voltage for the bridge rectifier in Figure shown.
Assuming the practical model, what PIV rating is required for the diodes? The
transformer is specified to have a 12V rms secondary voltage for the
standard 120 V across the primary.
24

Summary
25

Summary
26

Summary
27

END of Presentation

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