1. This question is about gases. {a) The following substances are gases at room temperature. letter A B c D E F sc™! substance | SO, | Ar co | ch | NH | co, | CH, | Some! Identity, by letter: ()_@gas which combines with water to form acid FIM... - {) (ii) two gases which exist as diatomic molecules % 2] a gas which bleaches damp litmus paper . 1] {iv) gas which is used as an inert atmosphere in lamps 1 - 2 ST TT (v)_ two gases which are found in clean dry air (b) NF, has covalent bonds. (i) What is a covalent bond? - 2] (i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of NF. Show outer shell electrons only. [3](c) The gas hydrogen sulfide, H,S, is produced when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid potassium iodide. The reaction involves oxidation. (i) Define the term oxidation in terms of electron transfer. 0 {ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of hydrogen sulfide. Show outer shell electrons only. 2) (ili) Hydrogen sulfide has a simple molecular structure. Explain why hydrogen sulfide has a low boiling point. - (2 © ucLEs 2018 oszoretroni82 Sodium chloride is a typical ionic compound. (a) The diagram shows part of a lattice of sodium chloride. (i) Complete the diagram to show the ions present. Use ‘+’ for Na‘ ions and’ for Cl- ions. One ion has been completed for you. (2) (li) How many electrons does a chloride ion have? - (1) (iii) Identify an element which has atoms with the same number of electrons as a sodium ion. 1)4 3 Fluorine is a Group VII element. Fluorine forms compounds with metals and non-metals. (a) Predict the physical state of fluorine at room temperature and pressure. (b) Fluorine exists as diatomic molecules. Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of fluorine. Show outer shell electrons only. 2) (c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and fluorine. - 2) (a) Explain why chlorine does not react with aqueous sodium fluoride. OUCLES 2019 20420195 (e) Tetrafiuoromethane and lead(II) fluoride are fluorides of Group IV elements. Some properties of tetrafluoromethane and lead{II) fluoride are shown in the table. property tetrafluoromethane lead(Il) fluoride formula CF, ‘melting point/°C 184 855 boiling point/°C 127 1290 conduction of electricity when solid non-conductor non-conductor conduction of electricity when molten |__non-conductor good conductor (i) Whatis the formula of lead{(II) fluoride? a sovnennenennsnee [A] (ii) What type of bonding is present between the atoms in tetrafluoromethane? (ili) What type of structure does solid lead({II) fluoride have? (1) iv) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why lead(II) fluoride has a much higher melting point than tetrafluoromethane. In your answer refer to the types of attractive forces between particles and their relative strengths, cccsnneneneen cocenenenne a . sorevnceeeee [3] ‘©UCLES 2019 os2012rF 19 [Turn over3 Which statement about an ionic compound is not correct? A It conducts electricity when dissolved in water. B_ Ithas a high melting point due to strong attractive forces between ions, CC _Ithas a regular lattice of oppositely charged ions in a ‘sea of electrons’. D The ionic bonds are formed between metallic and non-metallic elements. What is the total number of electrons in one molecule of ammonia, NH;? A6 BO8 c 10 D1 Rubidium has two isotopes, $7Rb and 3}Rb Which statement explains why both isotopes have the same chemical properties? A They have the same number of protons. B_ They have the same number of outer shell electrons. © They have different numbers of neutrons. D They have different mass numbers. Which statement about the structure and properties of silicon(IV) oxide is not correct? A Ithas a giant structure similar to that of diamond. B_ Ithas a high melting point due to the strong attractive force between molecules. © There are strong covalent bonds between silicon and oxygen. D There are no free electrons, so silicon(IV) oxide does not conduct electricity.