GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,

PEN

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

Prepare a report on electric and hybrid

vehicles

GUIDED BY
Mr. A. R. Yadgire
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, PEN
(Affiliated by Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is certify that following student of Third Year Mechanical

Engineering completed the project work on “Report on
electric and hybrid vehicle” as a partial fulfilment and
academic requirement for diploma in Mechanical engineering
as prescribed by MSBTE.

Name of Group Member Roll No.

1. Tejas Chandrakant Patil 3513

Mr. A. R. Yadgire Dr. N. G. Kulkarni Dr. N. G. Kulkarni

(Project Guide) (Principal (Head of Department)

Government
Polytechnic, Pen)

ACKNOWLEDGEMEMT
It is with profoundly sense of gratitude that we acknowledge
from our guide Mr. A. R. Yadgire he has been guide in the
true sense of word a guide who satisfaction from our word
& progress.

We are highly obliged to Dr. N. G. Kulkarni Head of

Mechanical Department for aberrance & good co-operation
given to us fur bringing this project to almost standard.

We are grateful to our principal Dr. N. G. Kulkarni for

proceeding acknowledgement to us in the connection of this
project concluding. We appreciate the assistance of all staff
that helps us in for their sincere & obliging help to make our
project successfully.
 PART A
Microproject Proposal

1.0 Brief Introduction

Today’s hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by an internal

combustion engine in combination with one or more electric motors that
use energy stored in batteries. HEVs combine the benefits of high fuel
economy and low tailpipe emissions with the power and range of
conventional vehicles.

2.0 Aim of Microproject

 To study about need of electric vehicles in automobile industry.

 To Study about why there is requirement of hybrid vehicles in current.

3.0 Course Outcomes

 Prepare a vehicle layouts.

 Prepare a electric circuit for electric vehicles.
Sr. Details Of Activity Planned Planned Name of
No Start date Finish date Team
members
1. Select a Project Topic 02/02/2023 05/02/2023 All Members
and Discussion on
Project Topic
2. Divide our work with 10/02/2023 11/02/2023 All Members
all members
3. Making Microprojects 17/02/2023 20/02/2023 All members
Proposal
4. Take help of Senior 24/02/2023 27/02/2023 All members
Students
5. Collecting Information 03/03/2023 06/03/2023 All members
Related Project
6. Discuss about 10/03/2023 13/03/2023 All Members
microproject to
expand it
7. Make chart of 24/03/2023 27/03/2023 All members
Microproject
8. Create Analysis 31/03/2023 03/04/2023 All members
9. Make Microproject 07/04/2023 10/04/2023 All members
and its proposal
10. Type all the content of 17/04/2023 21/04/2023 All members
project proposal in MS
Word
11. Print of Project 28/04/2023 29/04/2023 All Members
4.0 Action Plan
 5.0 Resources Required
Sr. No Name Of Resource / Specifications Quantity Remarks
Material
1 Textbook Automobile engineering 1
2 Websites 2
https://en.wikipedia.org
https://en.electric-hybrid

6.0 Name of Group Members

Name of Group Member Roll No.

1. Tejas Chandrakant Patil 3513

Project Guide
Mr. A. R. Yadgire
 PART B
Microproject Report

1.0 Brief Introduction

Today’s hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by an internal

combustion engine in combination with one or more electric motors that
use energy stored in batteries. HEVs combine the benefits of high fuel
economy and low tailpipe emissions with the power and range of
conventional vehicles.

2.0 Aim of Microproject

 To study about need of electric vehicles in automobile industry.

 To study about why there is requirement of electric vehicles in current.

3.0 Course Outcomes

 Prepare a vehicle layouts.

 Prepare a electric circuit for electric vehicles.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed

1. We choose our microproject topic and get confirmed by teacher about

topic.
2. We started searching the information of our microproject.
3. We searched information about Industrial Waste Management.
4. We distribute our work in group.
5. In this project we learned about electric and hybrid vehicles and it’s
need.
 5.0 Theory

Electric vehicles
 What is Electric Vehicle
It is Vehicle Drive on electricity. Electric vehicles use electricity to charge
their batteries instead of using fossil fuels like petrol or diesel. Electric vehicles
are more efficient, and that combined with the electricity cost means that
charging an electric vehicle is cheaper than filling petrol or diesel for your
travel requirements.

 Working
EVs receive energy from a charging station and store the energy in its
battery. The battery gives power to the motor which moves the wheels. Many
electrical parts work together in the background to make this motion happen.
  Need
Electric vehicles use electricity to charge their batteries instead of using fossil
fuels like petrol or diesel. Electric vehicles are more efficient, and that
combined with the electricity cost means that charging an electric vehicle is
cheaper than filling petrol or diesel for your travel requirements.

 Construction
It consists of battery, motor controller, motor which is connected to the
transmission system. Here, battery is the energy source which is charged by
taking electric current from the grid (In Solar power electric vehicle, Battery is
charged with the use of solar pv panel which is attached on the roof of the
vehicle).

 Main components of electric vehicles :-

1. Motor
2. Motor controller
3. Battery

 Motor
The main function of motor is to convert supplied electric Energy current in to
mechanical energy. Brushless DC motor (BLDC) have been much focused for
many motor Manufacturers. These are more effective in term of System Cost,
size, higher in efficiency, excellent controllability and Also power saving than
other motor. It has only two basic Main parts Rotor and stator. The rotor is
rotating part which Carry permanent magnet and stator is stationary part and
Containing stator winding. The structure of stator is similar To the induction
motor. It is made up of steel lamination with Axially cut for winding.

 Motor controller
In most of the electric vehicle, Brushless DC motor is used Which is better than
brushed DC motor, permanent magnet DC motor. Brushless DC motor does not
have brush and Commutator, the electric vehicle which uses brushless DC
Motor has to use motor controller which helps to control Various properties of
motor to take sufficient current andvoltage applied to motor. When
accelerating pedal is press, This linked variable resistor type controller gives
signal to The motor controller to adjust speed as per our needs. The Motor
controller has no power when vehicle is at rest Position.

 Battery
The main function of battery is to store electric energy. Most Hybrid and
electric vehicle used lithium ion batteries. This Storage system is usually
essential for hybrid electric vehicle, Plug in hybrid electric vehicle and all types
of electric Vehicles. Due to advancing technologies, most of automobile
Manufacturer uses rechargeable batteries. The different type Of batteries
along with their characteristics are shown in Table.

 Types of electric vehicles

a) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
b) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
c) Range Extended Electric Vehicle
 Advantages
1. No fuel, No pollution.
2. It required less maintenance.
3. It is having noise free operation.
4. We charge the battery at home.
5. It generates high starting torque.
6. It saves fossil fuels.
7. Less running cost than gasoline drive vehicle.

 Disadvantages
1. It is quite expensive.
2. It required more time to charge the battery.
3. Not for long range traveling because availability of less number of
electric power charging station.

Hybrid vehicles
  What is Hybrid vehicles ?
A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as
submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged.
Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrid.

 Need
A hybrid-electric produces lower tailpipe emissions than a comparably sized
gasoline car since the hybrid’s gasoline engine is usually smaller than that of a
gasoline-powered vehicle. If the engine is not used to drive the car directly, it
can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel economy.

 Working
Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal combustion engine and one
or more electric motors, which uses energy stored in batteries. A hybrid
electric vehicle cannot be plugged in to charge the battery. Instead, the battery
is charged through regenerative braking and by the internal combustion
engine.

 Construction
Hybrid car use internal combustion engines like the normal car but with the
inclusion of an electric motor. These two power trains work together to propel
the car, which eventually helps in saving fuel. The most notable advantage of
hybrid technology is that it reduces the gasoline used in the car.

 Main components of hybrid vehicles

1. Engine
2. Battery
3. Power control unit (PCU)
4. Regenerative breaking system.
5. Electric motor

 Types of hybrid vehicles

1. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
2. Battery electric vehicles (BEV).
3. Plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV).
  Advantages
1. Increase fuel economy.
2. Requires less maintenance.
3. Lighter in weight.
4. More reliable.
5. High mileage.

 Disadvantages
1. Lower speed as compared to other.
2. More expensive.
3. Expensive to replacing the battery.
4. Poor handling.
6.0 Skill Developed
 Our researching ability improved, problem solving ability improved.
 We are able to connect theorical class learning with real life.
 Our Leadership and Creativity ability improved.
 Our Communication and Time Management quality also improved.

7.0 Reference:

 Websites -
a) https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-all-electric-cars-work
b) https://www.wikipedia.org/
c) https://www.carwale.com/new/electric-cars/

 Books-
a) Automobile engineering textbook
b) References Books

Project Guide
Mr. A. R. Yadgire