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UCSP - Lesson 1

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30 views4 pages

UCSP - Lesson 1

Uploaded by

Deareth Joy Loquinario Magbanua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UCSP – QUARTER 2

Lesson 1: How society is organized?

How society is organized


1. Groups within society: Primary and Secondary
2. In-groups and out-groups
3. Reference groups
4. Networks

How Society/Group is formed or organized.


Forms of Social Group
Groups are formed as an assemblage of people who often interact with each other on the basis of a
common outlook concerning behavior and a sense of common identity. A social group may consist of two
or more individuals who do things together with a common goal and interest.
What are the examples of Social Groups?

 Family, relatives, couples,


 Friends, church mate
 Schoolmate, co-workers
 Business, neighborhood
 Organization, teammate, clubs

Group
- is consist of two or more people who are bound together in relatively stable
patterns of social interaction and who share a feeling of unity ( Hughes and
Kroeler, 2009)

Three Requirements for a group:


1. There must be two or more people.
2. There must be interaction.
3. The members must be together physically.

Factors that influence Groups:


1. Motivational base shared by individuals (based on needs, interests, desires, noble activities,
insecurities, or problems)
2. Size of the group
3. Type of group goals
4. The kind of a group cohesion/unity (the capability to function and interact collectively in the direction
of their goals)

Group is characterized by the following:


1. A group has identity identifiable by both its members and outsiders.
2. A group has a social structure in the sense that each part or member has a position related to other
positions.
3. Each member in a group has roles to play.
4. There is mutual reciprocity among members in a group.

Group as distinguished from other Collection of People like:


1. Aggregate - a simple collection of people who are in the same place at the same time without
interacting with each other.
Example: People inside the movie house, people riding in an LRT/MRT
2. Category - a simple collection of people who share distinctive characteristics
(age, sex, race, income/social class, occupation, religion, political beliefs, ethnicity.
Example: Males/females in the society; the infants; children; youth; adults/ the aged; slum dwellers; the
middle class; the millionaires
3. Collectivity - Collection of people in a given place and time.
Example: Crowds, masses, public and social movements are temporary groups

IMPORTANCE OF A GROUP
1. A group is a major source of solidarity and cohesion.
2. A group reinforces and strengthens our integration into society.
3. A group shares basic survival and problem-solving techniques to satisfy
personal and emotional needs.
4. A group gives meaning and support to an individual.

HOW IS A GROUP FORMED?


1. The desire to achieve an objective.
2. To meet the needs of the individual member.
3. People are treated alike by others.

1. Groups within society: Primary and Secondary

Classification of Groups

A. Primary Groups B. Secondary Groups


personal and intimate relationship Large
- face to face communication - impersonal, aloof relationship
- permanence duration - indirect communication
- a strong sense of loyalty or “we” - temporary duration
feeling - weak group cohesiveness based
- small in size on self-interest
- informal structure - rational decision-making
- traditional or non-rational - formal structure
decision-making

2. In-groups and out-groups


A. IN- GROUP
- group with which the individual identifies and which gives him sense of belonging, solidarity,
camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective attitude toward the other members.
- The members are loyal to each other and share common norms, activities, goals and background.

B. OUT-GROUP
- viewed as outsiders by the in-group;
- Any member of the in-group has insufficient contact with the members of the out-group
- Members of the in-group have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism, indifference and
even hatred toward the out-group.
3. Reference groups

C. REFERENCE GROUP
- Group that is significant to us as models even though we ourselves may not
be a part of the group.
- Is one which an individual does not only have a high regard for but one after
which he or she patterns his/her life
- Its central aspect is self-identification rather than actual membership

TYPES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES

A. FORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES


- groups in which duties and privileges are clearly defined and expectations are prescribed, independent
of the person who happens to occupy a given position
- Individual roles are explicitly designed as president, v-president, secretary, and treasurer
- With constitution or set of by-laws

B. INFORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES


- Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of two or more people
- They are unplanned, have no explicit rules for membership, and do not have
specific objectives to be attained
- The members exchange confidences, share a feeling of intimacy and acquire
a sense of belongingness.

CONSEQUENCES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES


a. people gain a clearer sense of their diversity
b. ethnocentrism may grow
c. serious personal and social problems may arise

Functions of Social Groups

We typically belong to a certain type of social group, with each group


having its own functions.

The primary group plays a vital part in the socialization process. It forms the social nature and ideals of
individuals especially in shaping the culture and personality where a person learns social norms, beliefs,
morals, and values.

The secondary group members tend to relate to others only in specific roles and for practical reasons.
This group helps in fulfilling various types of human needs and brings about social awareness and social
change. Also, this group helps fulfill various special interests in such fields as sports, dance, music, and
others.
An in-group may form within our secondary group such as our workmates, group mates, or assembly
which functions as a group of people who can connect with each other because of their sense of identity
and belongingness.
An out group functions as a competitor or rival group that an individual is opposed to.

Reference group provides a standard of measurement. This group has a strong impact on how a person
thinks and acts as it may serve as guide to a member’s behavior and social norms. Thus, networks
function as a social media influencer.

Social networks are influential in a wide range of online platforms used for building social relationships
with other people including sharing of political opinions, likes and dislikes, and can even show trending
societal issues or personalities.

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