1.

) Basic unit of living body

a) Small room
b) Tissue
c) Hairs
d) Cell
ANS-Cell
2.) ………………. Is not unicellular organism
a) Cactus
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Paramecium
d) Bacteria
ANS-Cactus
3.) ………………Is not multicellular organism
a) Human
b) Plant
c) Amoeba
d) Cactus
ANS-Amoeba
4.) Every multicellular organism has originated from………..
a) Human
b) Single cell
c) Bacteria
d) Tissue
ANS-Single cell
5.) ……………. Cell is not found in human body
a) Blood
b) Nerve
c) Fat
d) Electro
ANS-Electro
6.) Shape and size of cell are depend on their…………….
a) Texture
b) Shape
c) Function
d) chemical
ANS-Function
7.) Human body is originated from……………
a) mother
b) Stomach of mother
c) Single cell
d) None of them
ANS-Single cell
8.) Each cell has certain specific component within it known as ……………………
a) Cell body
b) Cytoplasm
c) Cell organelles
d) None of them
ANS-Cell organelles
9.) Cell is seen under……………….
a) Stethoscope
b) Thermometer
c) Microscope
d) None of them
ANS-Microscope
10.) ……………………. Is cell organelle
a) Amoeba
b) Bacteria
c) Cytoplasm
d) Plasmodium
ANS-Cytoplasm
11.) Outermost covering of cell that separates the contents of cell from its external
environment
a) Cell envelope
b) Cell cover
c) Cell membrane
d) Cell protector
ANS-Cell membrane
12.) …………………….. is allows or permits the entry and exit of some material in
and out of the cell
a) Cell envelope
b) Cell cover
c) Cell membrane
d) Cell protector
ANS-Cell membrane
13.) …………………. Is called selectively permeable membrane
a) Cell envelope
b) Cell cover
c) Cell membrane
d) Cell protector
ANS-Cell membrane
14.) Carbon dioxide or oxygen can move across the cell membrane by a process
called……..
a) Reverse Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Transportation
d) Circulation
ANS-Diffusion
15.) …………….. process plays important role in gaseous exchange between cells
as well as the cell and its external environment
a) Reverse Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Transportation
d) Circulation
ANS-Diffusion
16.) The movement of water molecules through such a selectively permeable
membrane is called………..
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Transportation
d) Circulation
ANS-Osmosis
17.) The cell is swell up by ……………… solution
a) Hypertonic solution
b) Hypotonic solution
c) Isotonic solution
d) None of them
ANS-Hypertonic solution
18.) When the medium is behaving like hypertonic solution
a) Cell is swell up
b) Cell size retain as it is
c) Cell will shrink
d) All of them
ANS-Cell is swell up
19.) The cell will stay the same size…………………. Solution
a) Hypertonic solution
b) Hypotonic solution
c) Isotonic solution
d) None of them
ANS-Isotonic solution
20.) When the medium is behaving like isotonic solution
a) Cell is swell up
b) Cell is size retain as it is
c) Cell will shrink
d) All of them
ANS-Cell size retain as it is
21.) The plasma membrane is made up of …………………
a) Salt
b) Carbohydrates
c) Minerals
d) Lipids
ANS-Lipids
22.) Cell membrane engulfed food from its external environment called
a) Reverse Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Endocytosis
d) Circulation
ANS-Endocytosis
23.) Amoeba acquires its food through ………………….
a) Reverse Osmosis
b) Endocytosis
c) Transportation
d) Circulation
ANS-Endocytosis
24.) Rigid outer cover present in plant cell
a) Plasma membrane
b) Cytoplasm
c) Vacuole
d) Cell wall
ANS-Cell wall
25.) Plant cell wall is made up of………….
a) Cellulose
b) Carbohydrates
c) Minerals
d) Lipids
ANS-Cellulose

In case you are missed :- Previous Chapter MCQ Questions

26.) ……………………. Is a complex substance and provides structural strength to

plant
a) Cellulose
b) Carbohydrates
c) Minerals
d) Lipids
ANS-Cellulose
27.) Water movement in plant shows osmosis results contraction and shrinkage of
cell called………
a) Reverse Osmosis
b) Endocytosis
c) Transportation
d) Plasmolysis
ANS-Plasmolysis
28.) Nucleus has double layered covering called ………
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nuclear membrane
c) Cell wall
d) Cell membrane
ANS-Nuclear membrane
29.) ……………….. material present in nucleus.
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nuclear membrane
c) Fluid
d) None of them
ANS-None of them
30.) Rod shaped structure present in nucleus called………….
a) Cytoplasm
b) Vacuole
c) Proteins
d) Chromosomes
ANS-Chromosomes
31.) full form of DNA
a) Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
b) Doxy ribose acid
c) Deoxyribose Napthalic Acid
d) Deoxyribo Nucleic Anta acid
ANS-Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
32.) Chromosomes are composed of ……….. and ………..
a) Acid, bases
b) Minerals, bases
c) DNA, proteins
d) DNA, RNA
33.) Functional segments of DNA called …………
a) RNA
b) Genes
c) Chromosome
d) None of them
ANS-Genes
34.) Nucleus plays vital role in cellular ……………
a) Circulation
b) Transportation
c) Reproduction
d) Digestion
ANS-Reproduction
35.) Undefined nuclear region containing only nucleic acids is called………….
a) RNA
b) Genes
c) Chromosome
d) Nucleoid
ANS-Nucleoid
36.) ……………. has lack of nuclear membrane
a) Prokaryotes
b) Eukaryotes
c) Cactus
d) Human being
ANS-Prokaryotes
37.) Organisms with cell having a nuclear membrane called……………
a) Prokaryotes
b) Eukaryotes
c) Cactus
d) Human being
ANS-Eukaryotes
38.) Fluid content present in cell called………….
a) Cytoplasm
b) Vacuole
c) Proteins
d) Chromosomes
ANS-Cytoplasm
39.) ……………… lacks any membranes and hence they do not show
characteristics of life
a) Plasmodium
b) Viruses
c) Human being
d) None of them
ANS-Viruses
40.) Full form of ER
a) Endo ribosome
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Endoplasmic ribosome
d) Endoplasmic ribose
ANS-Endoplasmic reticulum
41.) Full form of SER
a) Smooth Endo ribosome
b) Small endoplasmic reticulum
c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Smooth endoplasmic ribosome
ANS-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
42.) …………. Plays crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) SER
d) RER
ANS-SER
43.) …………… are membrane bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes
a) Cytoplasm
b) Vacuole
c) Proteins
d) Lysosomes
ANS-Lysosomes
44.) Lysosomes are known as…………..
a) Power house of the cell
b) Suicide bags
c) Lipids
d) None of them
ANS-Suicide bags
45.) …………….. generates ATP
a) Cytoplasm
b) Vacuole
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosomes
ANS-Mitochondria
46.) Full form of ATP
a) Adenosine Mitochondria
b) Adenosine triphosphosphate
c) Adenosine tri molecule
d) Adenosine triple
ANS-Adenosine triphosphosphate
47.) White or colorless plastids known as……………
a) Plasmodium
b) Plastid
c) Chloroplast
d) Leucoplast
ANS-Leucoplast
48.) Numerous membrane layers present in chloroplast called …………..
a) Cytoplasm
b) Vacuole
c) Mitochondria
d) Stroma
ANS-Stroma
49.) The process of cell division by which most of the cells are divided for growth
is called………….
a) Reproduction
b) Meiosis
c) Mitosis
d) None of them
ANS-Mitosis
50.) Four new cells produces by cell division, in that new cells have only half the
number of chromosomes than that of mother cell
a) Endocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Meiosis
d) Mitosis
ANS-Meiosis

More MCQ Set on Cell:

Cells Class 9 Science MCQ Question and Answers. Important MCQ on Cells 9th
Standard Mathematics Subject.
1) _______ muscles is found in the walls of the heart
a ) Skeletal b) Smooth c) Cardiac d) Striated
Ans. Cardiac
2) Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is
correct?
a) The less unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature.
b) The more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature.
c) Higher the temperature, less fluid nature.
d) The lower the temperature, more fluid nature
Ans.The less unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature.
3) Which one is not a connective tissue
a ) muscle b) bone c) adipose d) blood
Ans. Muscle
4) All are postulates of cell theory except
a) New cell is derived from pre-existing cells.
b) Cell does not contain the hereditary material.
c) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
d) Cell is the fundamental unit of life
Ans. Cell does not contain the hereditary material.
5) Identify the plant tissue
a ) Epithelial b) connective c) meristematic d) muscle
Ans. Meristematic
6) Select the odd one
a) Active transport b) Diffusion
c) Facilitated diffusion d) Osmosis
AnsFacilitated diffusion
7) Waste production and demand of nutrients are directly proportional to
a ) cell size b) cell volume c) cell mass d) cell shape
Ans. Cell volume
8) Cell organelle found in animal cell and help intracellular digestion
a) Lysosome b) Ribosomes c) Mitochondria d) Golgi apparatus
Ans.Lysosome
9) These are the longest cells in our body
a) nerve cells b) muscle cells
c) stem cells d) both a and b
Ans. Both a and b
11) _______ are instruments which produce magnified visual of objects too small
to be seen with the naked eye
a) telescope b) periscope c) microscope d) binocular
Ans. Microscope
12) The important parameters in microscopy is
a ) magnification b) resolution c) brightness d) only a and b
Ans. Only a and b
13) The resolution of a microscope is defined as the ______
distance between two points on a specimen
a ) largest b) smallest c) average d) both b and c
Ans. Smallest
14) A photograph of an image taken through a microscope is called
a ) micrograph b) minigraphc) electrograph d) microscopic photograph
Ans. Micrograph
15) A 10x eyepiece used with a 10x objective lens will produce a magnification of
a ) 10x b) 10³x c) 100x d) 100x
Ans. 100x
16) Identify the incorrect statement regarding electron microscope
a ) it has a resolution of 0.2 nanometer
b ) it has magnification of upto250000 times
c) there are two types of electron microscope
d) it can image a live cell
Ans. It can image a live cell
17) Cells were first discovered by
a ) Robert Hooke b) Robert Brown
c) Albrecht von Roelliker
Ans. Robert Hooke
19) Which one of them is not a postulate of cell theory
a ) all living organism are made up of cells
b) new cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells
c) cells are not the structural and functional unit of life
d ) cells contains the hereditary character
Ans. cells are not the structural and functional unit of life.
20) Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of carbohydrates by
a ) photosynthesis b) combustion c) both a and b d) respiration
Ans. Respiration
21) _______ cells have a proper nucleus and membrane bound organelles
a ) Eukaryotic b) Prokaryotic c) Stem d) Nerve
Ans. Eukaryotic
22) Identify the incorrect statement regarding eukaryotic cells
a ) they are unicellular or multicellular
b) golgi apparatus are present
c) there are no chromosomes
d) vacuoles are present
Ans. there are no chromosomes
23) Chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts are example of
a ) ribosomes b) plastids d) lysosome d) vacuoles
Ans. Plastids
24) Except one all other are true concerning plant cells
a ) nucleus is found in the middle
b ) vacuoles are large
c) they have a cell wall
d) that rarely contain centriole
Ans. nucleus is found in the middle
25) The cell wall have instant functions such as
a ) protection b) support c) structure d) all of the above
Ans. All of the above
26) Bacterial cell walls are composed of a sugar and amino acid called ______.
a ) glycan b) peptidoglycan c) peptido d) none
Ans. Peptidoglycan
27) The openings in the cell wall are called _______.
a ) mouth b) cavity c) plasmodesmeta d) reticulate
Ans. Plasmodesmeta
28) Movement of substances across cell membranes is necessary
a ) for acquisition of oxygen and nutrients
b) excrete waste products
c) control the concentration of required substances
d) all of the above
Ans. All of the above
29) Which one of them is not a mode of transport of materials between cells
a ) osmosis b) diffusion c) reverse osmosis d) active transport
Ans. Reverse osmosis
30) ______ is the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to
low concentration.
a ) Diffusion b) Osmosis c) Facilitated Diffusion d) Active transport
Ans. Diffusion
31) Identify the true statement concerning osmosis
a ) it’s a passive process
b) it’s is vital to plant and animal cell survival
c) both a and b
d) only a
Ans. Both a and b
32) Osmosis in the kidneys keeps the _____ and ____ levels in the body and blood
at the correct levels.
A ) water , salt b) water , sugar
c) sugar , salt d) All
Ans. Water and salt
33) In biological system energy occurs in the form of
a) TTP b) ATP c) ADP d) APP
Ans. ATP
34) The little structure that are present inside the cells are
a ) organ b) cell organs d) cell organisms d) cell organelles
Ans. Cell organelles
35) it’s the granular fluid located inside nucleus
a) protoplasm b) nucleoplasm c) cytoplasm d) xenoplasm
Ans. Nucleoplasm
36) It’s a site of aerobic respiration in the cell
a ) mitochondria b) golgi apparatus c) centrioles d) ribosomes
Ans. Mitochondria
37) Which statement holds true for mitochondria
a ) it’s found in only prokaryotic cells
b) there is just an outer membrane
c) anaerobic respiration takes place here
d) its called the power house of the cells
Ans. its called the power house of the cells
38) It is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids and
steroids
a ) ribosomes b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) rough Endoplasmic Reticulum d) Golgi body
Ans. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
39) Ribosomes are composed of RNA and _____.
a ) carbohydrates b) protein c) fats d) all of the above
Ans. Protein
40) It the site for protein synthesis in the cell
a ) Ribosomes b) nucleus c) chloroplast d) leucoplasts
Ans. Ribosomes
41) Many vesicles are made in the _______ and _______.
a ) Golgi body, ribosomes b) Golgi body, vacuoles
c) Golgi body, mitochondria d) Golgi body , endoplasmic reticulum
Ans. Golgi body , endoplasmic reticulum
42) This organelle has enzyme which can digest the cell
a ) Vesicles b) Lysosomes c) Leucoplasts d) Plastids
Ans. Lysosomes
43) Ripened fruit , flowers and autumn leaves get their colour from
a ) starch b) glucose c) chromoplastd) pigments
Ans. Chromoplast
44) it’s the smallest cell
a) mycoplasmas b) Euglena c) fungi d) virus
Ans. Mycoplasmas
45) Bird eggs are bulky because
a) they contain large amount of nutrients
b) birds need to fly
c) no specific reason
d) body a and b
Ans. they contain large amount of nutrients
46) Select the mismatched
a ) Plastids → Storage of chemicals
b ) Centriole → Help in cell division
c ) Ribosomes → Synthesis of steroids
d )Mitochondria → Synthesis of ATP
Ans. Ribosomes → Synthesis of steroids
47) Trace the correct pathway of protein produce from protein Factories
a ) RER → Ribosome → Golgi body → Lysosome
b ) Ribosomes → RER → Golgi body → Lysosome
c )Golgi body → RER → Ribosome → Lysosome
d ) RER → Ribosome → Lysosome → Golgi body
Ans RER → Ribosome → Golgi body → Lysosome
48) Secondary wall is made up of
a ) Pectin and cellulose b) Cellulose and protein
c ) Cellulose and lignin d) Lignin and pectin
Ans.Cellulose and lignin
49) Which process allow movement in and out of cell
I.) Osmosis II. Diffusion III. Active transport
a ) I only b) I and II only c) II and III only d) I, II and III
Ans. I , II and III
50) What is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a ) Aerobic respiration b) Intracellular digestion
c ) Synthesis of steroids d) Synthesis of protein
Ans. Synthesis of protein
Question 1.
Plasma membrane is made up of which two components?
Answer:
Plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.

Question 2.
What is hypotonic solution?
Answer:
A solution having solute concentration lower than that of the cell sap is called hypotonic
solution.

Question 3.
What is hypertonic solution?
Answer:
A solution having solute concentration higher than that of the cell sap is called hypertonic
solution.

Question 4.
What is isotonic solution?
Answer:
A solution having solute concentration same as that of the cell sap is called isotonic solution.

Question 5.
Cell wall is made up of which component?
Answer:
Cell wall is made up of cellulose.

Question 6.
Give an example of unicellular organism.
Answer:
Amoeba, Bacteria, Paramecium. (Any one)

Question 7.
Give an example of multicellular organism.
Answer:
Fungi, plants, animals. (Any one)

Question 8.
What is active transport?
Answer:
The movement of molecules across a membrane in cells against a concentration gradient with
the help of ATP units is called active transport.
Question 9.
What is the intracellular source of digestive enzyme?
Answer:
Lysosome

Question 10.
What is endocytosis?
Answer:
Endocytosis is the ingestion or engulfment of food and other material by folding of the
plasma membrane it as seen in Amoeba.

Question 11.
Where are genes located?
Answer:
Genes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus.

Question 12.
Name two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Answer:
Cell wall and chloroplast

Question 13.
Name two structures found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
Answer:
Lysosomes and centrioles

Question 14.
Which organelle is involved in the formation of lysosomes?
Answer:
Golgi apparatus

Question 15.
What is the outermost layer found in animal cells?
Answer:
Plasma membrane

Question 16.
What is the outermost layer found in the plant cell?
Answer:
Cell wall

Question 17.
Which organelle is the storage sac of solid and liquid materials?
Answer:
Vacuoles
Question 18.
Which organelle serves as a channel for transport of materials between cytoplasm and
nucleus?
Answer:
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19.
What is microscope?
Answer:
Microscope is an optical instrument consisting of a lens or combination of lenses which
renders minute objects distinctly visible.

Question 20.
Why is light microscope called a compound microscope?
Answer:
Light microscope is called a compound microscope because it consists of two or more lens
systems.

Question 21.
Which organelle is associated with ribosome formation?
Answer:
Nucleolus

Question 22.
What are chromosomes made up of?
Answer:
Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein.

Question 23.
Define plasmolysis.
Answer:
It is the shrinkage of cytoplasm due to loss of water when kept in a hypertonic medium.

Question 24.
What is a nucleoid?
Answer:
The undefined nuclear region in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes is known as nucleoid.

Question 25.
Which organelles other than nucleus contain DNA?
Answer:
Mitochondria and plasmids contain DNA.

Question 26.
Name the only cell organelle seen in prokaryotic cell.
Answer:
Ribosomes
Question 27.
Which microorganisms can be made into crystal?
Answer:
Viruses

Question 28.
Which organelle detoxify many poisons and drugs in a cell?
Answer:
Peroxisome

Question 29.
Name a cell organelle which is non-membranous. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Ribosome.

Question 30.
Define diffusion.
Answer:
Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration is called diffusion.

Question 31.
Why is endocytosis found in animals only? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
For endocytosis to occur, the outermost membrane should be flexible like the plasma
membrane of animals. But in plant cells, cell wall is the outermost membrane which is very
rigid. Hence, endocytosis occurs only in animals and not in plants.

Question 32.
Which cell organelle controls most of the activities of the cell? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Nucleus, also known as the brain of the cell, controls most of the activities of the cell because
it contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) which contains all the information of the cell.

The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Short

Answer Questions—I
Question 1.
Describe the microscopic structure of the cell.
Answer:
The cork cells were the first cells to be observed. They were composed of box-like
compartments, forming a honeycomb structure. Cell organelles are found embedded in the
cytoplasm.These are smaller in size and bounded by plasma membrane.

Question 2.
How can you calculate the magnification of a microscope?
Answer:
Magnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the powers of eyepiece and
objective lenses.
Mathematically, M = P1 × P2, where Pi is the power of eyepiece andP2 is the power of
objective.

Question 3.
What is a cell wall and how is it formed?
Answer:
Cell wall is non-living and freely permeable rigid structure bounding the plant cell. It is
secreted by the cell itself for the protection of its plasma membrane and cytoplasm.

Question 4.
Why were the scientists not able to observe most of the cell organelles before 1940?
Answer:
Before 1940, scientists could view the cell only under a light microscope. The invention of
the electron microscope in 1940 enabled the scientists to observe the cell in greater detail.

Question 5.
There would be no plant life if chloroplasts did not exist. Justify.
Answer:
Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll which is responsible for food preparation in
plants by the process of photosynthesis . Hence, if there were no chloroplasts then there
would not have been any plant life.

Question 6.
Why is the Golgi apparatus called the secretary organelle of the cell?
Answer:
This is because it packages material synthesised in the ER and dispatches it to intracellular
(plasma membrane and lysosomes) and extracellular (cell surface) targets.

Question 7.
What are the functional regions of a cell?
Answer:
There are three major functional regions of cells:

 cell membrane or plasma membrane,

 nucleus and
 cytoplasm.

Question 8.
What is cell sap? Give its composition.
Answer:
Liquid content in the vacuoles of plant cell is called cell sap. The cell sap contains sugars,
amino acid, proteins, minerals and metabolic wastes.
Question 9.
What is cytosol and cytoskeleton?
Answer:
Cytosol fs the semifluid part of the cell cytoplasm which is embedded in between cell
organelles. Cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres present in the cell which provides a
supporting framework for the organelles.

Question 10.
What are secretory proteins? Give an example of secretory protein.
Answer:
Proteins which are synthesised by the cell and then released into outer medium of the cell are
called secretory proteins. Examples of secretory proteins include mucus, digestive enzymes
and hormones.

Question 11.
Why are peroxisomes mostly found in kidney and liver cells?
Answer:
Peroxisomes contain various oxidative enzymes which detoxify the toxic material. Since the
blood carries various toxic substances to kidney and liver, a large number of peroxisomes are
present in them to oxidise the toxic material.

Question 12.
What do you mean by plasmodesmata?
Answer:
Due to the presence of cell wall the exchange of materials between the plap.t cells is not
possible. Therefore, protoplasts of plant cells are connected by cytoplasmic channels through
their walls which are called as plasmodesmata. These channels are used for the exchange of
the material between two cells.

Question 13.
Why do the animal cells not have cell wall?
Answer:
Animals do not have rigid walls because cell walls are incompatible with the way in which an
animal moves and grow. The flaccid cell membrane provides the animal cell freedom of
mobility and formation of different tissues which is not present in plants.

Question 14.
Why are the Golgi bodies found in large numbers in the cells which secrete digestive
enzymes?
Answer:
The main function of Golgi bodies is to release proteins or enzymes by vesicles. No other
organelle has this property. Therefore, these are largely present in secreting cells.

Question 15.
What is the significance of pores present on the nuclear membrane?
Answer:
The pores present on the nuclear membrane allow transport of water-soluble molecules across
the nuclear envelope. RNA and ribosomes move out of the nucleus, whereas carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins move into the nucleus.

Question 16.
What are asters and spindle fibres?
Answer:
Asters are two star-like structures radiating fibres from the centrosome. They help in locating
spindle and trigger cleavage of cytoplasm.
Spindle fibres are formed from microtubules during cell division. They pull the chromosomes
apart and bring them at the poles. These are broader in the middle and narrower at the poles.

Question 17.
Do you agree “A cell is a building unit of an organism”. If yes, explain why. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
An organism is made up of various organ systems like digestive system, nervous system, etc.
These organ systems in turn are made up of various organs which are made up of tissues.
Also tissues are a group of cells performing the same function. Hence, a cell is the building
unit of an organism. Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

Question 18.
If you are provided with some vegetables to cook, you generally add salt into the vegetables.
After adding salt, vegetables release water. Why? [NCERTExemplar]
Answer:
When salt is added, a hypotonic medium is created, i.e., the concentration of salt molecules is
more outside the vegetables than inside. Hence, due to osmosis water from the vegetables
come out.

Question 19.
How are chromatin, chromatid and chromosomes related to each other? [NCERTExemplar]
Answer:
Chromatin is a thin thread-like structure which is composed of DNA (deoxy ribonucleic acid)
and proteins to form a rod-like chromatid. Two similar chromatids attach to a centromere to
form a chromosome.

Question 20.
How is bacterial cell different from onion peel? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Bacterial cell Onion peel

1. Size is small (1-10 mm). 1. Size is larger (5-100 mm).

 2. Nucleus is absent. 2. Nucleus is present.

3. It is a prokaryotic cell. 3. It is a eukaryotic cell.

4. Cell division takes place by fission or budding. 4. Cell division takes place by mitosis.

The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Short

Answer Questions-II
Question 1.
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis.
Answer:

Diffusion Osmosis

1. It occurs in any medium.

1. It occurs in liquid medium only.

2. Diffusing molecules may be solid, liquid or gaseous 2. It involves movement of solvent molecules on

solutes.
3. Semipermeable membrane is required.

3. Semipermeable membrane is not required.

Question 2.
Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic
reticulum important for membrane biogenesis ? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

 1. They have ribosomes attached on their surfaces. 1. They do not have ribosomes attached on their

surfaces.

2. RER manufactures proteins and transports them to 2. SER helps in manufacturing lipids and transp

various places. them to various places.

Endoplasmic reticulum act as main site for synthesis of protein and lipids which are needed
for the biogenesis of plasma membrane.

Question 3.
What is membrane biogenesis? How is plasma membrane formed during this process?
Answer:
The process of plasma membrane formation is called membrane biogenesis.
Following organelles are involved in this process:

The proteins and lipids are first synthesised in rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. These are then transported to the Golgi complex for
their modification. After modification, these are transported to the cell surface through
vesicles which bud off from Golgi complex to fuse with cell membrane and form a part of the
membrane.

Question 4.
Write the name of different plant parts in which chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast are
present. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Chromoplasts are present in flowers, fruits or any other coloured part of the plant (other than
green part).
Chloroplasts are present in leaves and stem of plant (green part).
Leucoplasts are present anywhere in plant as they are colourless and store food.

Question 5.
What is cell division? Give the types of cell division.
Answer:
Cell division is a process of formation of two or more daughter cells of its own type from the
mother cell. These are similar in structure and function.
Cell division occurs in three ways:
  Amitosis
 Mitosis
 Meiosis

In each case, division of nucleus (Karyokinesis) occurs before the division of cytoplasm
(Cytokinesis).

Question 6.
What are the functional differences between a plasma membrane and cell wall?
Answer:

Plasma membrane Cell wall

1. It holds cellular contents and controls passage of 1. It gives protection, strength and rigidity to the

materials in and out of cell. cell.

2. It is semipermeable in nature and allows entry of

2. It is completely permeable in nature.
selected molecules into the cell.

3. It is elastic and controls the cell’s turgidity

3. It is not elastic.
preventing its bursting.

Question 7.
What are the functions of nuclear membrane?
Answer:

 A nuclear envelope separates the environment of nucleus from that of rest of

the cell.
 It protects the genetic material from damage.
 It facilitates and regulates exchange of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Question 8.
Write a note on Golgi apparatus and the functions it performs.
Answer:
Golgi apparatus or Golgi bodies or Golgi complex is composed of membrane-bound fluid-
filled vesicles, vacuoles and cisternae. In animal cells they are larger and only one or two in
number, while in plants they are smaller and more in number. Also, in plant cells, they are
distributed throughout – the cytoplasm and are called dictyosomes.
Functions:

 It is involved in the transport and modification of protein, lipids as well as

carbohydrates.
 It helps in the formation of cell plate during cell division.
 It is also involved in the formation of cell wall, plasma membrane lysosomes
and peroxisomes.
 The material synthesised near endoplasmic reticulum is packaged and
dispatched to various targets and outside the cell through the Golgi apparatus.

Question 9.
How will absence of any one of the cell organelle affect the cell’s working?
Answer:
Functions of all the organelles are inter-linked to each other and ultimately to the working of
the cell. So, if even a single link is missing, the cell ultimately suffers and die. For example,
DNA from the nucleus passes the information for protein formation to the ribosomes which
send the proteins to Golgi complex and ER for modification and transport.

Question 10.
Draw a neat diagram of plant cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from animal
cell.
Answer:

Question 11.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions Long

Answer Questions
Question 1.
Draw a labelled diagram of mitochondria. Write the functions of mitochondria.
Answer:

Functions of mitochondria:
The mitochondria are the main sites for cellular respiration, the process in which the cell
converts sugars and oxygen into ATP. ATP is used by various bodies as a source of energy to
perform functions.

Question 2.
What is active transport? Differentiate between active and passive transport.
Answer:
The process in which the molecules are moved uphill against the concentration gradient.
Active transport always involves the expenditure of energy because the materials are pumped
against the concentration gradient.

Active transport Passive transport

1. It involves movement of molecules against the 1. It involves movement of molecules along the

concentration gradient. concentration gradient.

2. No energy is required.

2. It requires energy in the form of ATP molecules.

3. It is a slow movement.
 3. It is a rapid movement.
4. Only small molecules or water molecules are
4. Movement of large molecules occur by active transported passively.
transport.

Question 3.
Illustrate only a plant cell as seen under electron microscope. How is it different from animal
cell? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Major diferences are:

 Plant cells have chloroplasts

 Plant cells have large vacuoles.
 Plant cells have cell walls.

Question 4.
In brief state what happens when:
(a) dry apricots are left for sometime in pure water and later transferred to sugar solution?
(b) a red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution?
(c) the plasma membrane of a cell breaks down?
(d) rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a drop of sugar syrup is put on it?
(e) golgi apparatus is removed from the cell? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) The apricots swell due to osmosis initially and when transferred to sugar solution shrink
again due to exosmosis.
(b) RBCs shrink due to exosmosis.
(c) It would lead to scattering of cell organelles and there will be no functioning of the
organs.
(d) There will be no change in cell shape or size because the cells are dead due to boiling.
(e) Function of Golgi apparatus is packing, storing and transfer of protein. It would affect the
functioning of cell.

The Fundamental Unit of Life Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS

(Higher Order Thinking Skills)
Question 1.
If cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution, what will happen to
each of them? Explain the reason for your answer.
(a) Both the cells will swell.
(b) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the bursting to some extent.
(c) (a) and (b) both are correct.
(d) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(b). When kept in a hypotonic solution, the onion cells will become turgid because the water
will
enter the cell due to osmosis. But the cell wall present outside the cell provides it rigidity and
does not let any harm to occur.
Whereas, in RBC the movement of water inside the cell due to osmosis will lead to bursting
of the cell because it does not have a rigid cell wall.
Therefore RBC will burst easily while onion cell peels will resist it to some extent.

Question 2.
A person takes concentrated solution of salt, after sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the
phenomenon responsible for such situation? Explain. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Concentrated salt solution is a hypertonic solution. This causes exosmosis in the cells of the
alimentary tract. This further results into dehydration and irritation thus resulting in vomiting.

Question 3.
Where will you find more number of ribosomes-in cancer cells or in fat cells?
Answer:
Ribosomes are found in greater number in actively dividing cells which are the cancer cells
as they need more amount of proteins for the formation of new cells.

Question 4.
A solution of 3% glucose and a solution of 8% glucose are kept in a trough separated by a
semipermeable membrane. What will you observe after 1 hour?
Answer:
After 1 hour the solutions on both the sides of the semipermeable membrane will become
isotonic because of the process of osmosis.

Question 5.
What are the colours absorbed by plants? The green light of the sunlight is blocked. How will
the photosynthesis be affected?
Answer:
Plants absorb all the colours in the spectrum. The plants reflect back the green light because
of which they appear green in colour. Therefore, photosynthesis will not be affected if green
light is blocked.

Question 6.
Why does the skin of your finger shrink when you wash clothes for a long time? [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Soap solution is a hypertonic solution. When our fingers are in contact with it for a long time,
water from epidermal cells of fingers diffuse out through the process of osmosis and the skin
shrinks.