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Class Work-3

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45 views27 pages

Class Work-3

Uploaded by

sacd.wizomoon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXAMPLE 1

The steel rod shown in Figure, has a diameter of 10 mm. It is fixed to the wall at A, and before it is loaded, there
is a gap of 0.2 mm between the wall at B and the rod. Determine the reactions on the rod if it is subjected to an
axial force of P = 20 kN. (Neglect the size of the collar at C). Take Est = 200 GPa.

Solution:
NOTE:
Since the answer for FB is positive, indeed end B contacts the wall at B as originally assumed. If FB were a
negative quantity, the problem would be statically determinate, so that FB = 0 and FA = 20 kN.
EXAMPLE 2
The three steel bars shown in the Figure, are pin connected to a rigid member. If the applied load on the member is 15
kN, determine the force developed in each bar. Bars AB and EF each have a cross-sectional area of 50 mm2, and bar
CD has a cross-sectional area of 30 mm2.
Solution:
Solving Eqs. 1–3 simultaneously yields:
EXAMPLE 3
A reinforced concrete column 200 mm in diameter is designed to carry
an axial compressive load of 300 kN. Determine the required area of
the reinforcing steel if the allowable stresses are 6 MPa and 120 MPa
for the concrete and steel, respectively. Use Eco = 14 GPa and Est =
200 GPa.
Solution:

Not o.k
Use
and
Example 4
Bar ADB is supported by two wires, CD and CB. A load P is applied at B. The wires have axial rigidity EA.
Disregarding the weight of the bar, find the forces in the wires.
Solution:

Equation of equilibrium
Horizontal Direction

Vertical Direction

Moments about A (ccw +)

4 unknown forces, only 3 equations


Equation of compatibility

We can relate the tensions in the two wires by


considering the extensions of the wires.
Displacement diagram
Force-displacement relations

Using the equilibrium moment equation, the compatibility


equation, and the force-displacement relations, it is possible
to solve for the forces in the wires. We find that

TCB = 1.125 P and TCD = 1.406 P


Example 5
Horizontal beam AB is rigid. Supporting bars 1 and 2 are made of an elastic perfectly plastic material with yield
stress Y, yield strain Y, and Young’s modulus E = Y/ Y. Each bar has cross-sectional area A.

(a) Find the yield load PY and the corresponding yield displacement ΔBY at point B.
(b) Find the plastic load PP and the corresponding plastic displacement ΔBP atpoint B.
Solution:

Moment Equilibrium (ccw +)

 M A  F1 b  F2 2b  P 3b   0

F1  2F2 3P

Bar 2 will yield first, since F2 > F1.


Equation of Compatibility

Force-displacement
The corresponding elongation of bar 2 is:

The downward displacement of the bar at point B is:

When the plastic load PP is reached, both bars will be stretched to


the yield stress, and

Fromequilibrium
The corresponding elongation of bar 1 (which has just reached
yield) is:

The downward displacement of the bar at point B is:


A steel bolt of 16mm diameter passes centrally through a copper
tube of central diameter 20mm & external diameter 30mm.The
length of the whole assembly is 500mm.After tight fitting of the
assembly the nut is over tighten by quarter of a turn. What are
the stresses induced in bolt & tube .If pitch of nut is 2mm.
• 𝐸𝑠 =200GPa & 𝐸𝑐 =1.2 × 105 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
• Solution-
• Let 𝑃𝑠 be the force introduced in bolt &𝑃𝑐 be the force in copper tube
• Static equilibrium
• 𝑃𝑠 +𝑃𝑐 = 0
• 𝑃𝑠 = −𝑃𝑐
• Bolt is tensile
• Tube is compressive
• Let the force is P
• Now due to quarter turn of nut total movement is,
1
• ∆= × 2 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚
4
• During this process bolt gets extended & copper tube shortened
• Movement of nut is overcome extension of bolt & shortening of copper tube
• ∆𝑠 +∆𝑐 = ∆ ------ (2)
• 𝐸𝑠 =200GPa= 2 ∗ 105 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝐸𝑐 =1.2 *105 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠 = ∗ 162 = 201.062 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑐 = ∗ (362 − 202 ) = 392.699 𝑚𝑚2
4
• From 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (2)
𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
• + = ∆
𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠 𝐴𝑐 𝐸𝑐
1 1
• 𝑃 ∗ 500 + = 0.5
201.062∗2∗ 105 392.699∗1.2 ∗105
• P=21.697.331
• 𝑃𝑠 = 107.914 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
21697.331
• 𝑃𝑐 = = 55.252 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
392.699
Problem based on statically indeterminate

• Three equally spaced rods in the same vertical plane support a rigid
bar AB. Two outer rods of brass each 600mm long & 25mm diameter.
The central steel rod is 800mm long & 30mm diameter
• Determine the forces in bars due to an applied load of 120KN through
the midpoint of the bar. The bar remains horizontal after the
application of load. Take 𝐸𝑠 /𝐸𝑏 =2
• Solution-
• As the bar remains the horizontal position after the application of load
• From the equation of compatibility∆𝑏 = ∆𝑠
• ∆𝑏 =deformation in beam
• ∆𝑠 =deformation in steel
𝑃 𝑏 𝐿𝑏 𝑃𝑠 𝐿𝑠
• =
𝐴𝑏 𝐸𝑏 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠
𝐿𝑠 𝐴𝑏 𝐸𝑏
• 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑠 . . .
𝐿𝑏 𝐴𝑠 𝐸𝑠
800 𝜋∗𝑑𝑏 2 1
• 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑠 . . . ⋯ (𝐸𝑠 /𝐸𝑏 =2 → 𝐸𝑏 /𝐸𝑠 =1/2)
600 𝜋∗𝑑𝑠 2 2
8 𝑑 2 1
• 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑠 . . 𝑏
.
6 𝑑𝑠 2
4 25 2
• 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑠 . .
6 30
• 𝑃𝑏 = 0.463 𝑃𝑠
• From equilibrium of compatibility or applied load has to be equal to with the
shared by individual
• 𝑃 = 2𝑃𝑏 + 𝑃𝑠
• 120 𝐾𝑁 = 2 × 0.463 𝑃𝑠 + 𝑃𝑠
• 120 𝐾𝑁 = 0.926 𝑃𝑠 + 𝑃𝑠 = 1.926 𝑃𝑠
120
• 𝑃𝑠 = = 62.3 𝐾𝑁
1.926
𝑃− 𝑃𝑠 120−62.3
• 𝑃𝑏 = = = 28.84 𝐾𝑁
2 2
Problem
• A horizontal rigid bar AB weighing 200KN is hung by three vertical
rods each of 1m length & 500 𝑚𝑚2 in c/s. The central rod is of steel &
the outer rod is copper. If the temperature rise is 40℃,estimate the
load carried by each rod & by how much the load will descend.
• 𝐸𝑠 =200GPa &𝐸𝑐 =100GPa,∝𝑠 = 1.2 × 10−5 /℃,∝𝑐 ==1.8 × 10−5 /℃
• What should be the temperature rise if the entire load of 200KN is to
be carried by steel rod alone?

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